Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

Latest articles

• Published Subscription Review Article 5 Aug 2026

  Toxicological Profiling and Safety Assessment of NASAT 2.0: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Nanoparticle Therapy in Rabies

  By Mahammad Zaid Md Atik, Yash Nitin Pawar

  Abstract: Rabies, caused by the highly neurotropic Rabies lyssavirus, remains one of the most enigmatic and universally lethal infectious diseases known to modern medicine. Once clinical symptoms manifest following successful neuroinvasion, the fatality rate approaches absolute certainty (approximately 99.9%), a staggering statistic that has remained largely unchallenged despite massive, concurrent advances in modern virology, critical care medicine, and cellular immunology. Current late-stage therapeutic protocols, most notably the widely debated Milwaukee Protocol, …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–19 Read article →

• Published Subscription Review Article 15 Apr 2026

  Nanoparticle and Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review of Platforms, Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Immune Modulation

  By Priyanshu Upadhyay, Anand Prakash, Nikhil Vishwakarma

  Abstract: The rapid evolution of vaccine technologies over the past decade has highlighted the transformative role of nanoparticle (NP) and lipid-based delivery systems in modern immunization practices. These platforms – including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), liposomes, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) – enable enhanced antigen stability, improved cellular uptake, targeted antigen delivery, and potent immune activation. This systematic review critically examines the physicochemical foundations, manufacturing approaches, stability challenges, pharmacokinetic …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–36 Read article →

• Published Subscription Review Article 15 Apr 2026

  The Effects of Steroids on One’s Health

  By V. Basil Hans

  Abstract: The widespread use of steroids for both medicinal and non-medical purposes is a significant issue in contemporary culture. This article examines the considerable impact of steroids on human health, focusing on the therapeutic benefits and the adverse side effects associated with their consumption. In the treatment of conditions, such as inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and hormone imbalances, steroids, are frequently prescribed, providing significant relief from symptoms. However, the abuse of these …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 47–63 Read article →

• Published Subscription Original Research 15 Apr 2026

  Prospective Evaluation of the Optimal Concentration and Effect of Epinephrine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetics for Prolonging Block Duration and Reducing Systemic Toxicity in Outpatient Surgery

  By Pratul, Deepanshu Sharma, Masrata Gull

  Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the optimal concentration and effect of epinephrine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics for prolonging block duration and reducing systemic toxicity in outpatient surgery. Methods: The study involved a randomized double-blind clinical trial on 80 adult patients awaiting day-care extremity surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size. One group, Group E, was given the local anesthetic agent along with epinephrine as an …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 64–69 Read article →

• Published Subscription Review Article 15 Dec 2025

  Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Hepatotoxicity and Treatment - A Literature Review

  By Shruti Patel, Kris Kapadiya

  Abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major clinical and regulatory challenge, posing risks to patient safety and drug development worldwide. As the primary organ responsible for xenobiotic metabolism, the liver is particularly susceptible to toxic injury from prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, herbal products, and dietary supplements. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accounts for a substantial proportion of acute liver failure cases and remains a leading cause of post-marketing drug withdrawal. Its …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–17 Read article →

• Published Subscription Review Article 2 Dec 2025

  Mycotoxins in Grains: Toxicological Impact, Detection Strategies, and Public Health Implications

  By V. Basil Hans

  Abstract: Many types of fungi create mycotoxins, which contaminate cereal grains like wheat, maize, rice, and barley. Even at low doses, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol are harmful to humans and animals. This study covers mycotoxin occurrence, detection, toxicological consequences, and public health concerns in grain-based food systems. Advanced analytical methods, like LC–MS, ELISA, and biosensors, are discussed for their sensitivity and routine monitoring applications. Experimental and epidemiological studies analyze chronic …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 8–18 Read article →

• Published Subscription Review Article 2 Dec 2025

  Zebrafish in Drug Research: Decoding Biological Mechanisms and Finding Novel Therapeutic Targets

  By Ashish Kushwaha

  Abstract: The zebrafish, scientifically known as Danio rerio, is a powerful model organism in biological research because of its favorable traits, which include rapid development, genetic tractability, and transparent embryos. Zebrafish were first identified for their use in studies of vertebrate development, but they have since spread to a variety of disciplines, such as pharmacology, clinical research as a disease model, and most notably, drug development. Zebrafish have emerged as a …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article →

• Published Subscription Review Article 2 Dec 2025

  Issue of E-Waste Management on Environment and Society

  By Sonia Kaur Bansal, Rudhar Tak, Saloni Goyal

  Abstract: Electronic waste, or e-waste, is becoming an increasingly significant and urgent challenge for industries worldwide. E-waste includes discarded electronic items, such as computers, smartphones, televisions, refrigerators, generators, and various other household and office appliances, that are no longer functional. It poses significant environmental and health hazards because these devices contain toxic substances like lead, mercury, cadmium, and other harmful chemicals. Improper disposal or recycling of e-waste can lead to contamination …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article →

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