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32 articles for “entrapment efficiency”
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Design of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System for NonSteroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present study is to develop nanoparticle drug delivery system for naproxen and ibuprofen. Methodology: Ibuprofen nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique. Naproxen nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation technique. By adapting continuous addition method and intermittent addition, five formulations were prepared with each polymer. The obtained nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, yield, drug content, entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. In vitro drug dissolution …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 23, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 26–33 Read article
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Biomedical Approach to Developing and Characterizing Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Urapidil for Hypertension Management
Abstract: The aim of this study was to create Chitosan Nanoparticles loaded with Urapidil to achieve controlled drug release, enhance solubility, and reduce dosing frequency to improve patient adherence to therapy for hypertension. Urapidil was formulated into nanoparticles via the ionic-gelation method using Chitosan as a polymer, Sodium tripolyphosphate as a cross-linking agent, and filled into hard gelatin capsules after lyophilization. Pre-formulation studies, including melting point analysis and determination of the …
Published in International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 43–51 Read article
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Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulphate on Curcumin Microspheres
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the surfactant - sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on curcumin microspheres.Methods: Curcumin microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method by varying the ratios of the polymers like Eudragit S 100, ethyl cellulose (EC). Ethanol/dichloromethane blend was used as solvent in a ratio of 1:1 to prepare the drug-polymer dispersion and the surfactant SLS was used to prepare the aqueous phase. The prepared microspheres were evaluated …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Development and Assessment of Levetiracetam Microspheres Utilizing Synthetic and Natural Polymers: A Biomedical Engineering Perspective
Abstract: In the present study, comparative study of Levetiracetam loaded microspheres using Ethyl cellulose as synthetic and Sodium alginate as natural polymers was done. Solvent evaporation and ionic gelation technique has been successfully employed to produce Levetiracetam loaded ethyl cellulose and sodium alginate microspheres with optimal drug encapsulation that sustained the drug release over a period of time. Based on the pre-formulation studies E1 to E4 and S1 to S4 batches …
Published in International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–18 Read article
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The Utilization of Oil Entrapped Floating Alginate Beads in a Gastroretentive Delivery System is Intended to Improve the Bioavailbility of Telmisartan Incorporating Principles of Bioinformatics
Abstract: Oil entrapped floating calcium alginate beads of Telmisartan were successfully prepared using sodium alginate as polymer and two different oil phases of mineral oil and olive oil by emulsion gelation method. The FT-IR spectra of final optimized formulation confirms no drug- polymer incompatibility. The floating time of beads was found to be more than 12 hrs suggesting that the method used for prepration was effective. The floating time of optimized …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 21–38 Read article
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Effective Antibiotics and ATP Loaded Delivery System in the Management of Diabetic Wounds
Abstract: The aim of present research work was to formulate and evaluate antibiotics and ATP-loaded delivery system (liposome) in the management of diabetic wounds. Wound is disturbance in the normal skin anatomy and their functions; tissue injury resulting in the “loss of continuity of epithelium with or without the loss of underlying connective tissue.” Wound bad is an ultimate situation for wound infection, while wound healing is a complex and dynamic …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Development of Sodium Alginate Beads of Telmisartan Using Emulsion Gelation Method: Formulation and In-Vitro Characterization
Abstract: Introduction: The antihypertensive medication Telmisartan (TEL) is a member of BCS class II, which is distinguished by limited oral rate and extent and water solubility. By localizing the medication release in the stomach, gastro-retentive floating bead devices may be able to address the issues related to partial absorption and the low solubility of TEL. The preparation of TEL floating alginate beads was the aim of this investigation. The current work …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Curcumin Microspheres
Abstract: Purpose: To prepare and evaluate curcumin microspheres to improve the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. Methods: Curcumin microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method, by using hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), Eudragit S 100 polymer in varying ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 by using ethanol/dichloromethane as the solvent. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for percentage yield, flow properties, entrapment efficiency, drug content, drug loading, particle size analysis, drug …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Microballoons of Ramipril
Abstract: The present study was an attempt to develop microballoons of Ramipril to prolong gastric residence time in stomach and to control drug release in therapeutic range. Ramipril is ACE inhibitor having short half-life of 2–4 h and bioavailability 28%. Microballoon was formulated using Eudragit E100 and HPMC K4M in different ratios by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using methanol as evaporating solvent and liquid paraffin as a processing medium. Microballoons were …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 13–30 Read article
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Development and Characterization of Bifonazole Nitrate Nanosuspension Loaded Topical Gel
Abstract: Objective: The goal of the present study was to formulate and evaluate nanosuspension-based topical delivery system of bifonazole nitrate (BN) or increased saturation solubility and controlled drug release. Methods: BN nanosuspension was prepared by pearl milling technique using zirconium oxide beads as a milling media, poloxamer 407 as a stabilizer and glycerol as wetting agent. Effect of various process parameters such as, stirring time and poloxamer concentration were optimized. The …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 36–48 Read article
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Formulation and Characterization of Novel Ethanolic Carrier for Improves Penetration of Serratiopeptidase
Abstract: The aim of present study was to develop ethanolic vesicles of proteolytic enzyme Serratiopeptidase (SRP) by solvent evaporation with high speed homogenization method and to evaluate the Serratiopeptidase ethosomes in treating the topical inflammation. The feasibility of SRP niosomes prepared by using lecithin and ethanol has been successfully demonstrated in this investigation. The entrapment efficiency was found to be influenced by the molar ratio of lecithin: ethanol concentration of SRP …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Development and Characterization of 5-Fluorouracil Cubosomal Nanosponge Tablet for Colon Targeting
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop nano-scale delivery system to improve nanometric size range, percentage drug entrapment efficiency, controlled release of the incorporated drug and the protection against degradation. 5-FU loaded cubosomal dispersion was prepared by the bottom up technique and formulation was characterized. From this, 5-FU cubosomal nanosponges were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method using various pH dependent polymers and evaluated, encapsulation of this formulation …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 9–18 Read article
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Microsponges: A Novel Approach for Transdermal Delivery of Tolnaftate
Abstract: The present study was aimed at preparing tolnaftate-loaded microsponges and incorporating them into a topical formulation. Microsponge delivery system was chosen as it can increase the concentration of the drug on the superficial layer of the skin. Microsponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion technique. The studies like drug entrapment efficiency showed that the drug was completely entrapped within the pores of the microsponges. The microsponges were incorporated into the optimized carbopol …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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Fabrication and Assessment of Gallic Acid as Novel Drug Carrier
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the current investigation is to develop and evaluate the polymer-based microspheres to overcome the issues of frequent dosing and high first pass metabolism. Materials and Methods: Gallic acid loaded microsphere were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and the microspheres were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading efficacy, particle size, In-vitro drug release, surface morphology and FTIR spectroscopy studies. Results: The percentage yield, drug entrapment and …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 5–10 Read article
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Novel Synthesis of Encapsulated Super Paramagnetic Iron Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and its Evaluation in Drug Delivery System
Abstract: Nanoparticles can be defined as solid, submicron, colloidal particles ranging in size from 10–100 nm in diameter, generally but not necessarily made of natural or synthetic polymers, in which drugs can be adsorbed, entrapped, that exhibit new or enhanced size-dependent properties as compared to microparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles are often magnetic by nature, which means that they obey Coulomb’s law, and can be manipulated by an external magnetic field gradient. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 11–24 Read article
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Bioinformatics-based Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Pterocarpus marsupium
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Pterocarpus marsupium bark extract in combination with silver nitrate solution through a green synthesis method. Silver nanoparticles formation was confirmed by the formation of dark brown from solution of silver nitrate, where the reduction of silver ion occurs which leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles. The UV–visible spectra showed a peak at 429 nm, confirming the reduction of silver ions and the subsequent synthesis …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 21–34 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of PF-127 Stabilized Metformin Encapsulated Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles
Abstract: Metformin is widely used to manage Type 2 Diabetes, but its effectiveness is limited by low intestinal absorption, high dose requirements, and a short half-life. To tackle these challenges, several nano-drug delivery systems have been designed to optimize the delivery of metformin and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as key players in medicine, biology, and pharmacology, gaini considerable attention for their potential applications. Polymeric NPs are among …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 27, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 34–38 Read article
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Fabrication and Characterization of Diacerein Loaded Nanosponge for Topical Delivery
Abstract: Diacerein, an anti-inflammatory drug, which comes under BCS class II, commonly used in treatment of osteoarthritis has limited by its poor solubility and bioavailability when administered topically. This study aimed to develop and evaluate diacerein-loaded nanosponges gel using varying concentrations of ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to enhance its delivery. Nanosponges were prepared using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique, with different ratios of ethyl cellulose (0.05-0.250%) and PVA (0.2-0.3%). …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 26–46 Read article
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Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Spray-Dried Microspheres: Recent Advances and Applications in Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Abstract: Microspheres are spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 μm, made from natural or synthetic polymers and inorganic materials. Their structure allows precise drug delivery, improving targeted release and minimizing off-target effects. Natural polymers such as starch, chitosan, and alginate are favored for their biodegradability, adhesion, and compatibility, enhancing mucosal interaction and residence time. Microspheres are widely used in site-specific drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccine administration, improving immunogenicity, extending …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 251–268 Read article
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Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Liposomal Gel
Abstract: The present study deals with effect of various combinations of lecithin, cholesterol, chloroform-methanol and tween-80 on liposomes of flurbiprofen. Optimization of the flurbiprofen liposomes by Design Expert software was done. Vesicle size, drug content, SEM and entrapment efficiency were evaluated. Flurbiprofen gel with optimized liposome using Carbopol 934 as gelling agents, were formulated. pH, spreadability and drug content in the gel were evaluated. Results of skin irritation study showed that …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 33–42 Read article