Search
19 articles for “Over-the-counter drugs”
-
Implementing Blockchain to Enhance Security in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Combat Drug Counterfeiting
Abstract: Drug counterfeiting has emerged as a critical threat to public health, as it has enabled inferior and counterfeit drugs to flood many markets around the world thereby eroding trust in healthcare systems and patient safety. This paper seeks to address the glaring need for adequate security safeguards to curb the circulation of counterfeit drugs by proposing a blockchain model designed specifically for the pharmaceutical industries. In general, the idea of …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 33–46 Read article
-
Development of a Blockchain-Based System for Drug Counterfeiting and Traceability in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
Abstract: Counterfeit drugs present a major risk to public health and pose a substantial threat to the pharmaceutical industry, leading to severe economic losses and risking patient lives. Ensuring the safety and authenticity of the pharmaceutical supply chain is critical to addressing this issue. This study presents a novel approach for enhancing the security and authenticity of the pharmaceutical supply chain through the integration of blockchain technology, decentralized storage, and artificial …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 99–114 Read article
-
Blockchain Technology for Strengthening the Indian Generic Medicine Supply Chain and Combating Counterfeit Drugs
Abstract: India is one of the leading distributors of generic medicines globally, but its supply chain faces numerous challenges including substandard medicines, counterfeiting, and inefficient logistics. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by providing a secure, decentralized, and transparent platform to track and verify the entire drug supply chain from production to delivery. This paper investigates the potential of blockchain to mitigate counterfeit drug circulation, improve trust in Indian generic medicines, …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 9–12 Read article
-
A study on Public Perception and self-medication practices with Over-the-counter (OTC) Drugs
Abstract: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are commonly used by individuals for self-medication due to their easy availability and the general belief that they are safe. However, misuse can lead to negative health outcomes such as adverse reactions, drug interactions, and delays in seeking professional medical care. In a country like India, where enforcement of drug regulations can vary and socioeconomic factors play a major role, the practice of self-medication is especially widespread. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 01–07 Read article
-
Review: The Future of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications
Abstract: According to Medicine, India's over-the-counter drug market is growing .The country's economy is expanding.The Indian pharmaceutical industry has experienced rapid growth in the last decade significant changes in the quality of business. The company actively promotes its products in the market; North Americans focus on finding cures for minor ailments compared to Europeans who rely on village pharmacists to treat minor ailments. Only the promotion and dissemination of public education …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 105–112 Read article
-
Recycling of Expired Chemical Drugs and Controlling of Organic Chemical Compounds
Abstract: Expired chemicals in chemical medicines represent a big problem in chemical medicines and we must find ways to treat expired medicines. It proposes a new technology for reuse instead of burying it with ordinary waste or instead of burning it in the ovens of the soil company, The side effects of an expired medicine (its chemical substances are out of date and ineffective in healing) are any unwanted effects of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 12–20 Read article
-
Rapid-On-Tongue Delivery: A Review of ODT Technologies, Taste Masking and Compliance
Abstract: Orodispersible Tablets (ODTs), another name for Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS), are innovative drugs that dissolve in the mouth rapidly without requiring water. These will be especially helpful for kids, the elderly, and others who have difficulty swallowing ordinary tablets or capsules. Superdisintegrants are used in these pills to break down quickly in the mouth, while flavorings or sweeteners are used to cover up any harsh or unpleasant taste. …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–08 Read article
-
Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Hepatotoxicity and Treatment - A Literature Review
Abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major clinical and regulatory challenge, posing risks to patient safety and drug development worldwide. As the primary organ responsible for xenobiotic metabolism, the liver is particularly susceptible to toxic injury from prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, herbal products, and dietary supplements. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accounts for a substantial proportion of acute liver failure cases and remains a leading cause of post-marketing drug withdrawal. Its …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–17 Read article
-
A Comparative Study on Associated Factors of Hypertension Among Working Women and Non-working Women
Abstract: Background: One in four people worldwide is affected by high blood pressure, which is also the third leading cause of illness and a significant risk factor for death. Compared to non-working women, employed women had a higher prevalence of hypertension. This might be attributed to various factors such as job-related stress, lack of relaxation, and lack of physical activity. Method: Quantitative approach was adopted. To investigate the related determinants of …
Published in International Journal of Women's Health Nursing And Practices · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 09–14 Read article
-
An Insightful Study on SMEDDS Challenges and Potential Strategies
Abstract: Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) have gained attention as an effective approach to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. They are innovative lipid-based formulations designed to enhance the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs. The development of SMEDDS involves systematic selection of components based on solubility and emulsification efficiency, followed by optimization of ratios using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The resulting formulations are evaluated for droplet size, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 311–334 Read article
-
Drug Screening Using Stem Cell Technology
Abstract: Stem cell technology in drug screening has transformed the research and development sector of pharmaceuticals. Although stem cells imitate their human counterparts in terms of both safety and potential, it is a new paradigm for mimicking diseases of humans and scale measuring for toxicity. These tissues will, therefore, be more predictive of what will happen in humans during clinical situations, compared to conventional cell lines or animal models, since they …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 42–51 Read article
-
Unani Medicine Approaches To Liver Diseases :Therapeutic Principles and Review
Abstract: Background: For centuries, the Unani system of medicine has addressed liver diseases through principles that recommend specific therapies tailored to each ailment. Purpose: To analyze the therapeutic principles and Unani medications recorded for the treatment of liver diseases. Data Sources: Unani literary books in both Urdu and English were consulted, along with original e-research papers serving as databases. Limitation: This paper primarily focuses on the therapeutic principles related to liver …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 25–29 Read article
-
Neuro-Symbolic Agentic AI for Autonomous Scientific Discovery: Integrating Deep Reinforcement Learning, Quantum Simulation, and XAI-Audited LLM Hypothesis Generation in Drug Target Identification
Abstract: The exponential growth of multi-omics data and the increasing complexity of disease-associated protein interactomes have rendered conventional drug target identification pipelines computationally and epistemologically inadequate. This paper presents the Neuro-Symbolic Agentic AI for Scientific Discovery (NS-AASD) framework, a unified architecture that cohesively integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) exploration strategies, variational quantum simulation (VQS) of protein conformational dynamics, and XAI-audited large language model (LLM) hypothesis generation within an autonomous scientific discovery …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
Application of Drug Delivery using Nano- technology to Cure Mental Disorders (Schizophrenia)
Abstract: Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of the count at an atomic scale to create novel systems, materials, and devices. This groundbreaking era holds substantial potential for scientific development across various domain names, which includes manufacturing, patron items, electricity, substances, and remedies. In current times, the sphere of prescribed drugs has witnessed a brilliant surge in the usage of nanotechnology for the improvement of revolutionary medications. Schizophrenia, a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 51–65 Read article
-
Density Functional Theory (DFT): Understanding and Quantifying Molecular Structure of 2-D Materials
Abstract: Density Functional Theory (DFT) has emerged as a cornerstone in computational chemistry and materials science, offering a powerful framework for predicting electronic structures and properties of atoms, molecules, and solids. By focusing on electron density rather than wave functions, DFT simplifies the many-body problem through approximations like the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized-gradient approximations (GGAs). The Hohenberg-Kohn theorems establish the theoretical foundation, proving that ground-state properties are uniquely determined …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 33–40 Read article
-
Challenges and Opportunities in the African Pharmaceutical Industry
Abstract: Background: The pharmaceutical industry in Africa has significant potential for growth; however, it is overwhelmed with grappling challenges. Nonetheless, these challenges can create a window of opportunities for innovation. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the profound challenges and opportunities in the continents pharmaceutical industry. Methods: Using data collected from published literature, reports and gray literature was used to conduct a narrative review. Using data collected from various publications …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 88–98 Read article
-
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Antacids in the Management of Stomach Disorders
Abstract: Antacids are among the most widely used over-the-counter medications for the symptomatic management of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders, including dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. These agents provide rapid relief by neutralizing gastric hydrochloric acid, thereby increasing intragastric pH and reducing mucosal irritation. In addition to their therapeutic benefits, the long-term and excessive use of antacids may be associated with adverse effects and toxicological concerns, including electrolyte …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
The Mycobiome Frontier – Pre & Post 2020 Status: Integrating Fungal Bioactive Compounds, Probiotics, and Antimicrobial Peptides in Modern Therapeutics and Biotechnology.
Abstract: The fungal kingdom represents an indispensable resource in modern therapeutics and biotechnology, offering a diverse array of bioactive compounds, probiotics, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Functional fungal polysaccharides (FFPs), such as beta-glucans, chitin, and mannans, are centrally involved in modulating the human gut microbiota, providing novel therapeutic avenues for chronic conditions including diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. These compounds act as prebiotics, nourishing beneficial bacteria and enhancing metabolic parameters such as …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
Role of W.A.R. Score in Predicting Wound Infection
Abstract: In clinical practice, chronic wounds are a major difficulty that are frequently made worse by the infection risk. However, the lack of precise standards for evaluating the risk of infection and establishing the need for and length of time for systemic antibiotics leads to the overuse and abuse of these drugs, which increases the risk of side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance. To close this gap, the development …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 33–38 Read article