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310 articles for “blocks”
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Toward Intelligent Public Transport: Review of Smart Bus Stop Systems with Real-Time Location
Abstract: The increasing demand for efficient, reliable, and sustainable public transportation has driven the evolution of smart bus stop systems worldwide. Traditional bus stops often fail to meet modern commuter expectations, such as real-time service information, accessibility, and integration with smart city frameworks. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the technological advancements, design approaches, and global adoption of smart bus stops. Key enabling technologies, including GPS, IoT, wireless communication, …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Comparative Study on Thermal Performance of Mud Rammed and Concrete Residential Building Envelope in Paro - Bhutan
Abstract: A key factor in assessing the total energy efficiency of a building is the thermal performance of the building envelope. In Bhutan the building energy sector accounts for 15% of the total domestic electricity consumption out of which 50 to 60% accounts for space heating in the temperate region. Previous research findings and data also indicate that heat loss or gain through the building envelop were the most significant contributor …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–16 Read article
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Guanidine as a Starting Material for Preparing a Scale Inhibitor
Abstract: Oilfield scale inhibition, which can obstruct fluid flow in pipelines, valves, and pumps during oil production and processing, is critical for preventing scale formation. Effective scale inhibitors (SIs) minimize downtime and enhance productivity by preventing the build-up of insoluble crystals in water systems. In oil processing, scale formation results from the precipitation of salts due to incompatible aqueous phases, leading to equipment blockage. Phosphonates are highly effective chelating agents for …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 15–28 Read article
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AI-Powered Emotion Recognition in Dog
Abstract: Understanding animal emotions is important for improving veterinary care, human animal interaction, and overall pet well-being. Inspired by previous research that utilized a modified EfficientNetB5 model for emotion classification in cats and dogs, our study builds upon this foundation with a focus on real-time emotion recognition in dogs. While earlier approaches achieved high accuracy using Dense Residual and Squeeze-and-Excitation blocks, they often lacked real-time applicability and were not optimized for …
Published in International Journal of Machine Systems and Manufacturing Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–32 Read article
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Fast-Charging Techniques for Electric Vehicle Batteries
Abstract: EVs (Electric Vehicles) are becoming the popular mode of green transport, boosted by their efficiency, lower emission and technological vibrancy. But slow battery charging still poses one of the primary stumbling blocks to EV deployment. Conventional charging methods that take hours necessitate inconvenience and range- anxiety. To tackle this, scientists and companies are in a race to develop fast-changing technologies that can charge batteries within minutes without compromising safety. These …
Published in International Journal of Electrical and Communication Engineering Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Comparative Analysis of Processing-Property Relationships in Metal and Polymer Matrix Composites: A Unified Statistical Framework for Hardness Characterization
Abstract: Composite materials, encompassing both metal matrix composites (MMCs) and polymer matrix composites (PMCs), exhibit complex processing-property relationships that fundamentally govern their mechanical performance across diverse applications. This study presents a unified statistical framework for analyzing hardness characteristics in composite systems, using aluminum-tungsten carbide (Al-WC) metal matrix composites as a representative model system while establishing connections to polymer matrix composite behavior. The investigation employed comprehensive processing parameter optimization, microstructural characterization, and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 419–430 Read article
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Electronic Drones: Technology, Applications, and Future Directions
Abstract: Electronic drones, commonly referred to as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), have transitioned from exclusively military platforms to indispensable tools across commercial, scientific, industrial, and recreational domains. The rapid evolution of electronics, flight control systems, communication networks, onboard sensors, and artificial intelligence has reshaped drone capabilities, enabling high-precision remote sensing, autonomous navigation, swarm behavior, and integration into complex systems like the Internet of Drones (IoD). This paper examines the technological building …
Published in International Journal on Drones · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 15–19 Read article
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Nature’s Pharmacy: Plant-Based Antifungal Agents and Their Therapeutic Potential
Abstract: Antifungal resistance has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, causing serious problems for healthcare because of higher morbidity and death. The urgent need for new treatments is highlighted by the scarcity of effective antifungal medications, their toxicity, and the rise of resistant strains. Since many plants have bioactive secondary metabolites with strong antifungal qualities, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins, ethnobotanical sources offer a viable path. Plants with …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Plant-Derived Antimicrobials as Next-Generation Solutions to Multidrug Resistance
Abstract: The steady rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is reshaping how clinicians, researchers, and policymakers think about infection control. When bacteria acquire the ability to survive exposure to three or more antibiotic classes at once—whether through efflux pumps, enzyme-mediated drug destruction, target modifications, or reduced membrane permeability—treatment options narrow dramatically, hospital stays lengthen, and mortality climbs. Conventional pharmaceutical pipelines have struggled to keep pace with this biological arms race, pushing the …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Graphene–Perovskite Hybrid Opto-Electronic Modulators for Ultra-Low Power Optical Communication
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel self-adaptive neuromorphic opto-electronic transceiver architecture designed to enhance the intelligence, adaptability, and efficiency of next-generation optical communication networks. The proposed system integrates neuromorphic computing principles with photonic signal processing to enable real-time learning, dynamic resource allocation, and autonomous compensation of channel impairments such as dispersion, nonlinearities, and noise. Unlike conventional transceivers, the developed model employs spiking neural networks embedded within opto-electronic circuits to mimic biological …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 41–52 Read article
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Cretaceous–Tertiary Rift Basins of Northwestern Kenya: Tectonics, Stratigraphy, and Petroleum Implications
Abstract: This study looks at the potential for oil and gas in northwest Kenya, giving a broad overview of the geology, tectonic (earth movement) features, and underground rock layers in four main basins from the Cretaceous to Tertiary periods: Lotikipi, Lake Turkana, Lokichar–Kerio, and Chalbi. These are part of the larger East African Rift System. Recently, important signs of oil and gas structures have been found in the Lokichar Tertiary Basin …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–54 Read article
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Smart E-Health Consultation Portal
Abstract: The Smart E-Health Consultation Portal is an e-healthcare application that allows access to high-quality, efficient, and accessible medical care services via remote consultation of doctors & patients. Patients can communicate with their healthcare provider through video, voice, or chat communication which eliminates geographic and temporal boundaries. Factors that influence a patient's perception of satisfaction consist of clear and timely responses from their healthcare provider, a guarantee of privacy when using …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Emerging Programming Languages Shaping Technology in 2026
Abstract: As technology keeps changing quickly, it's more crucial than ever for developers, students, and tech fans to choose the correct programming language. This article talks about the best programming languages to learn in 2026, focusing on their most important features, how they can be used in the real world, and how much demand there will be for them in the job market in the future. Each language is looked at …
Published in Recent Trends in Programming languages · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A Comprehensive Study of Natural Language Processing Systems Using Modern Programming Languages: Techniques, Architectures, Experimental Evaluation, and Applications
Abstract: Natural Language Processing is a key field of study within artificial intelligence that focuses on enabling machines to understand and work with human language. This is because there is much digital text data everywhere. Natural Language Processing is what this study is about. It looks at new ways of doing Natural Language Processing. The old ways are like machine learning and the new ways are like learning. This study compares …
Published in Recent Trends in Programming languages · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Fabrication and Comparative Study of Synthetic and Eggshell Waste Derived Hydroxyapatite-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite is widely used as a bioceramic material in orthopedic and dental field because of its exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) doped with several mineral ions has been frequently reported to further enhance its bioactive nature. Several studies indicate that biological waste materials can serve as calcium sources for hydroxyapatite synthesis, with eggshells being one such promising source. In the present work, two types of hydroxyapatite were synthesized: pure …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 33–46 Read article
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Systematic Review on: Peptic Ulcer and Its Management
Abstract: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which affects 5–10% of people worldwide, is still a significant global health concern. Gastric acid and pepsin's corrosive effects cause mucosal injury in the stomach, duodenum, or lower oesophagus. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori infection are the primary reasons. This review's goal is to examine PUD's aetiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and evidence-based treatment modalities. PubMed, Google Scholar, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of CMOS Analog Circuit Design Techniques for Low-Power VLSI Systems
Abstract: CMOS analog circuit design plays a significant role in the development of modern low-power Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) systems used in wireless communication, biomedical devices, portable electronics, embedded systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Research on low-power CMOS analogue design methodologies has intensified because to the growing need for high-performance, small, and energy-efficient electronic products. However, reducing power consumption while maintaining signal accuracy, noise performance, stability, bandwidth, and overall …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Dual Nozzle 3D Printing of Basalt Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Composites
Abstract: Additive manufacturing or 3Dprinting involves building a three-dimensional object by layering materials based on a computer-created design. Generally, 3D printing using single nozzle process where as strength, quality, wastage, and post reinforcement are drawback of this system. To eliminate and to enhance strength, precise control of fiber reinforcement, good bonding, no need of secondary reinforcement the dual nozzle 3D printing is an emerging additive manufacturing technique. In this process the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 620–630 Read article
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Mass Spectrometry–Based Phosphoproteomic Markers to Predict Kinase Inhibitor Response in Solid Tumors
Abstract: Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics has emerged as a powerful tool for predicting kinase inhibitor responses in solid tumors, offering direct functional insights into signaling pathways that surpass traditional genomic profiling by capturing dynamic kinase activities and adaptive resistance mechanisms. Technological breakthroughs, including data- independent acquisition (DIA), trapped ion mobility spectrometry (timsTOF), and efficient enrichment methods like TiO2 or IMAC, now enable comprehensive profiling of over 40,000 phosphorylation sites from limited clinical …
Published in International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Minerals: A Comprehensive Review of Classification, Properties, Formation, and Their Role in Modern Technology and Sustainability
Abstract: Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, solid elements with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic crystal structure. They are the building blocks of rocks. Minerals are the key to the development and progress of human civilization. They are used for the development of infrastructure, electronic gadgets, agriculture, and medicine. This research paper aims to present an exhaustive overview on the field of mineralogy, which includes the definition, classification, physical and …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–33 Read article