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161 articles for “Enzymes”
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Chemical Methods for Mitigating Plastic Pollution from the Environment
Abstract: Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern that affects both terrestrial and marine ecosystems worldwide. Traditional recycling methods have been inadequate in tackling the escalating plastic waste problem, leading to an exploration of chemical recycling techniques as innovative solutions. Chemical recycling involves breaking down polymers into their monomers or converting them into valuable products, offering the potential for more sustainable waste management. This review examines key chemical recycling methods, including …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Lab Reagents and Their Importance in Bio-chemistry
Abstract: Biochemical reagents are essential substances in the study of life at the molecular level. These reagents help scientists detect, identify, and quantify bio-molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and enzymes in biological systems. They play a vital role in understanding metabolic reactions and physiological processes within living organisms. Biochemical reagents are generally classified into analytical, diagnostic, enzymatic, chromogenic, and buffer reagents, each serving a specific purpose in laboratory and …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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White-Rot Fungi-Based Bioprocessing for Circular Bioeconomy & Valorization of Lignocellulosic Waste
Abstract: The escalating global demand for sustainable resource management and the imperative to reduce dependence on fossil-based products have positioned the circular bioeconomy as a transformative paradigm for the 21st century. Lignocellulosic biomass, generated abundantly as agricultural and forestry residues, constitutes one of the most underexploited renewable carbon sources on Earth, yet its recalcitrant structure, interlinking cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, has long impeded its efficient valorization. White-rot fungi (WRF), predominantly belonging …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Comprehensive Overview of Carbohydrate Polymers
Abstract: Targeting drug delivery specifically to the colon has become increasingly crucial for treating various colonic diseases like colorectal cancer, amebiasis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. Numerous strategies have been developed for this purpose, including using enzymatically degradable polymers, employing prodrug-based approaches, coating drugs with polymers sensitive to time or pH changes, utilizing osmotically and pressure-controlled delivery systems. Polysaccharides activated by the colon's physiological environment show significant potential as they offer …
Published in International Journal of Membranes · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 8–21 Read article
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InSilico Analysis and Homology Modeling of Tetrahydroprotoberberine Oxide involved in the Berberine Biosynthesis
Abstract: Objective: Berberine, a bioactive compound found in various plant species, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties with potential applications in pharmaceutical research. The biosynthesis of berberine involves several enzymatic steps, with (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase playing a pivotal role. This study aimed to elucidate the structural and functional characteristics of (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase to better understand its role in berberine biosynthesis and its potential biotechnological applications. Methods: Using bioinformatics tools and computational methods, the physicochemical …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 7–26 Read article
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Impact of Therapeutics on Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii, a formidable pathogen in healthcare settings, poses a significant threat due to its propensity to cause nosocomial infections. This bacterium exhibits several attributes that enable it to evade the human body's natural defenses. A. baumannii's remarkable adaptability is highlighted by its ease in acquiring antibiotic resistance determinants, rendering it challenging to treat. Its ability to thrive in hospital environments underscores the urgent need for stringent infection control practices …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Cow’s Milk Allergy: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Alternative Formulations
Abstract: Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA) occurs when the immune system reacts to proteins in cow’s milk, like casein and whey. In individuals with CMA, the immune system wrongly perceives these proteins as threats, causing allergic reactions when cow’s milk is consumed. Unlike lactose intolerance, which results from the body’s inability to digest lactose – a sugar in milk – due to a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, CMA is an immune …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 22–26 Read article
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Recent Developments in Structural Genomics: Uncovering Cellular Functions
Abstract: Structural genomics has become a groundbreaking field for understanding cellular functions by revealing the three-dimensional structures of proteins and other biomolecules. This field combines advanced methods like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, and computational modeling to explore the molecular structure and behavior of cellular components. Recent advances have significantly accelerated the pace of structure determination, bolstered by high-throughput methods and artificial intelligence tools like AlphaFold. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Aspergillus Oryzae: Multifunctional Powerhouse Revolutionizing Food Industries and Gut Health
Abstract: Aspergillus oryzae, commonly known as “Koji mold,” is a filamentous fungus extensively utilized in various food industries due to its robust enzymatic activity and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. This review explores its diverse applications, focusing on its role in fermented food production, enzyme generation, and contributions to gut health. In the production of fermented foods, such as soy sauce, miso, and sake, A. oryzae serves as a crucial …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Milk Allergy: Significance, Detection and Management
Abstract: Milk allergy is a significant public health issue, particularly among infants and young children, with prevalence rates between 2 and 6% in early childhood, declining to 0.1–0.5% in adulthood. It is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to milk proteins, primarily involving immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses. Symptoms range from gastrointestinal distress and respiratory complications to severe anaphylaxis. The etiology of milk allergy involves genetic predisposition, environmental factors, an immature immune system, and …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 15–19 Read article
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Role of Carboxylesterases in Xenobiotic Metabolism and Detoxification: Insights for Cheminformatics Approaches
Abstract: Xenobiotics, which include a wide range of environmental pollutants, food additives, drugs, and carcinogens, are foreign chemical entities that enter the human body and may accumulate, leading to toxic effects. Phase I and phase II metabolic responses are among the detoxification procedures that are necessary to lessen these negative consequences. This review highlights the pivotal role of carboxylesterases (CES), enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of ester, amide, and thioester bonds …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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A study on Antibiotic Resistance: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance (AR) represents one of the most critical existential threats to global public health, rapidly eroding the efficacy of established antimicrobial therapies and portending a return to the pre-antibiotic era. This analysis explores the intricate molecular landscape defining this crisis, focusing specifically on the primary mechanisms of action (MoA) utilized by major antibiotic classes—including cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors—and the corresponding, diverse mechanisms …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–21 Read article
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Next-Generation Polymer Recycling for Circular and Sustainable Plastics
Abstract: Plastic waste has emerged as a serious global environmental issue because of the enormous quantities produced over the past several decades. Moreover, the continual rise in plastic production, coupled with low recycling rates, results in the steady accumulation of plastic in the environment each year. In addition, manufacturing new polymers consumes substantial amounts of energy and fossil fuel resources. Although renewable energy can reduce emissions to a great extent, still …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 517–526 Read article
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Adaptive Mechanisms of Rumen Microbiota to High-Fiber Diets: Mystery of Fiber Degradation and Nutrient Utilization for Improved Host Performance
Abstract: The rumen microbiota plays a critical role in the digestion of plant fibers, enabling herbivores to derive essential nutrients from fibrous feed sources. The adaptation of these microbial communities to high-fiber diets is crucial for optimizing fiber degradation and nutrient utilization. This study explores the mechanisms by which rumen microbes adjust to handle the complex structure of fibrous materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Through an integrated approach, we …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–17 Read article
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Enhancing Fiber Digestibility in Dairy Cows: Influence of Dietary, Management, and Environmental Factors
Abstract: The digestibility of fiber in dairy cows is a critical factor for optimizing their nutritional efficiency and overall productivity. This study explores the key dietary, management, and environmental factors influencing fiber digestibility in the rumen. Various aspects of feed composition, such as fiber content, protein-to-fiber ratio, and the presence of anti-nutritional factors, play a significant role in determining microbial activity and rumen fermentation efficiency. Physical feed characteristics, including particle size, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Structure and Origin Insight of Recent Coronavirus with Ongoing Therapeutic Approach
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible zoonotic virus that was initially reported in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Presently, it has infected approximately 1.5 million person and responsible for more than 0.1 million death across the world. It is likely evolved from bats and pangolin and genetically different from SARS-CoV-1, responsible for SARS disease. In present review, we have discussed the recent finding of its origin from …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences Read article
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Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease from Salix Alba Discovered Computationally Utilizing Virtual Screening and Docking against 1b41 Protein
Abstract: Objective : The of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of using molecular docking techniques to identify novel acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder with a gradual but steady progression to death, due to the gradual accumulation of beta-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as a decline in acetylcholine levels. Due to its function in converting acetylcholine into acyl and choline …
Published in International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 07–19 Read article
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Biodegradation of Plastic Waste Using Various Fungal Isolates from Plastic-Polluted Sites in Meerut: Analysis of Polymers and Composites
Abstract: By isolating microorganisms from a dumpsite containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE), the potential for microbial decomposition of plastic waste was studied. Four different strains of Aspergillus niger (fungus) were identified and used to biodegrade plastic waste. The isolated fungal strains included Aspergillus niger, Alternaria, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. luchuensis. Predominant fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria, were selected for polyethylene degradation under laboratory conditions. In a controlled shaker culture, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 184–197 Read article
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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs): A Review
Abstract: Gram-negative bacteria produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs), enzymes that play a crucial role in antibiotic resistance. These enzymes enable the bacteria to withstand a wide array of beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. The production of these enzymes, particularly by organisms, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, complicates treatment options for severe infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. ESBLs are primarily responsible …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 8–19 Read article
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Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Metabolism in Anesthesia: A Pharmacogenomic Perspective
Abstract: Pharmacogenomics studies how a person’s genetic profile affects their reaction to drugs, which is vital in anesthesia. Anesthetic pharmacology depends significantly on drug metabolism, which involves complex biochemical processes that manage the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of anesthetic drugs. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family plays a critical role in the metabolism of various anesthetic drugs, with genetic polymorphisms leading to inter-individual variability in drug responses. Specific CYP …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 90–95 Read article