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35 articles for “sanitation practices”
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Water Contamination, Sanitation Practices, and Public Health Risks: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract: Contaminated water remains one of the biggest obstacles to public health, especially in developing countries, partly due to a lack of sanitation systems and lack of knowledge about the dangers. This paper describes the causes of water resource contamination and the ways in which they are transmitted, the lack of knowledge of the public, and what can be done to make it less of a problem, including a cross-sectional study …
Published in International Journal of Sustainability · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–32 Read article
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Strategies for Eradicating Water Supply Problems and Pollution Issues in Challenging Economy of Nigeria
Abstract: There are sporadic pollution issues and water supply-related problems in the Nigerian environment which calls for the urgent attention of civil engineers. This study examines strategies for eradicating water supply problems and pollution issues in the challenging economy of Nigeria. The methodology for this research work includes a site survey, case studies, visitation to some polluted sites and a literature survey. Critical strategies that are sustainable and achievable toward solving …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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Burden and Practice of Open Defecation in Ethiopia: Narrative Review
Abstract: Open defecation is a universal problem and an estimated 15% to 20% of the global population or more than 1.1 billion people still engage in open defecation. This mini review rapidly focuses on the most important aspects of open defecation, that is, on burden and practice of open defecation in Ethiopia. The search was carried out in PubMed, Medline, Google search, and web sites of relevant governmental and nongovernment agencies …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 21–26 Read article
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Water Sanitation and Waterborne Disease Incidence among Households: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess water sanitation practices and the incidence of waterborne diseases among households in a selected ward of Koodalloor Panchayath, Kottayam, Kerala. The objectives were to assess the sources of household water, evaluate water sanitation and safety practices, and identify the incidence of waterborne diseases among family members during the previous year. A community-based descriptive study design was adopted. A total of 138 households were selected …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Knowledge and Practice Regarding Safe Disposal of Sanitary Pads among Hostellers
Abstract: It is not a very rare sight to witness in hostels to spot several used sanitary pads scattered all around in surrounding open spaces, tucked in windows of washrooms, flushed in toilets, and even around water tanks. On seeing this, the first immediate reaction we tend to have is one of disgust and anger. On the other hand, this anger extends to embarrassment when we are accompanied by a male …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT OF WATER TREATMENT METHODS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH IN OGUN STATE, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
Abstract: Water and sanitation are important determinant of public health and there is a need to evaluate it. Method used was a descriptive qualitative assessment of sanitation and water handling practices in some rural areas of Ogun State Nigeria was conducted. Results: The results obtained showed that about 30% do not have toilet facility while 55.6% had pit latrine. Only 20.8% had a closed dustbin, open dustbin (37.2%) while 42.0% had …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Swachhata Hi Seva: Transforming Public Health, Environmental Sustainability, and Water Stewardship Through Community Engagement
Abstract: Swachhata (cleanliness) is not merely a hygiene practice but a foundational driver of public health, environmental resilience, and sustainable development. Recognizing its multidimensional importance, this research critically examines the “Swachhata Hi Seva” campaign as a transformative, community-led movement that elevates cleanliness from an individual responsibility to a collective civic duty and social commitment. The study highlights how the campaign mobilizes diverse community groups, institutions, and local governance structures to actively …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Architecture · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–15 Read article
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Environmental and Sanitation Challenges and Their Role in Malaria Transmission: A Case Study of Duport Road Community, Paynesville City, Liberia
Abstract: Introduction: Environmental sanitation plays a crucial role in controlling malaria transmission, yet several factors continue to impede its effectiveness, particularly in communities with poor waste management and drainage systems. This study explores the factors that hinder proper environmental sanitation and their association with the spread of malaria among residents of Duport Road Community, Paynesville City, Liberia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, gathering data from 400 participants—both men and women—between …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 24–29 Read article
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Sustainable Green Solvents: Ionic Liquid-Based Hydrogels
Abstract: Green solvents have been widely used in a wide range of applications, such as catalysis, separation sciences, energy storage and pharmaceutical applications. The main ingredient in the collection of the environmentally benign reagents is ionic liquids (ILs). Ionic liquid-based hydrogels are being used in the biological sciences and medicinal chemistry fields because of their excellent biocompatibility and biosafety features. The versatility of ionic liquids is great, as they can be …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1263–1274 Read article
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Impact of Therapeutics on Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii, a formidable pathogen in healthcare settings, poses a significant threat due to its propensity to cause nosocomial infections. This bacterium exhibits several attributes that enable it to evade the human body's natural defenses. A. baumannii's remarkable adaptability is highlighted by its ease in acquiring antibiotic resistance determinants, rendering it challenging to treat. Its ability to thrive in hospital environments underscores the urgent need for stringent infection control practices …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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A Comparative Study of Cost and Effectiveness of Antiviral Disinfectants for Various Societal Needs under COVID-19 Pandemic Situation
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has already infected people in 188 countries across the world. No known antiviral drugs have been effective against this virus till now. Proper practice of hygiene, sanitization and social distancing is the only effective precaution against this novel coronavirus. Disinfection is not only required for hospitals and health centers but also for households, apartments, offices, educational institutes and other buildings of public interests not related to health …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–18 Read article
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Awareness and Practices of Menstruation Among Rural Females
Abstract: Menstruation hygiene is of utmost importance in a female’s life. Poor menstrual hygiene is a significant reason for the high prevalence of reproductive tract infection and other related problems. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the awareness and practices of menstruation and to study menstruation hygiene practices among rural females. The demographic details, information regarding menstruation practices and hygiene were collected through pre-tested questionnaire. The results showed …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 25s–30s Read article
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Assessment of Hygienic Practice on Complementary Food among Mothers with 6–24 Months Age Living Young Children in Mohoni Town, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2015
Abstract: Timely introduction of appropriate complementary foods promotes good nutritional status and growth in infants and young children. Inadequate sanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices play major roles in the increased burden of communicable disease within developing countries. Inadequate food hygiene is considered to be one of the major contributors to diarrhea. The objective of this study was to assess awareness and hygienic practices on complementary food among mothers with 6–24 …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Sustainable Architecture for Rural Communities: The Tanzanian Family House Model
Abstract: Sustainable rural housing in East Africa must respond simultaneously to climatic stress, water scarcity, sanitation challenges, and socio-cultural practices. This article presents the Tanzanian Family House as a climate-responsive and resource-efficient housing model developed specifically for rural Tanzanian communities. The project integrates low embodied energy materials, passive environmental strategies, and decentralized infrastructure systems to create a durable and culturally grounded dwelling that can be constructed using local skills and materials. …
Published in International Journal of Rural and Regional Development · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Risk Factors Associated with Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Implications for Microbial Dynamics, Environmental Influences, and Management Factors
Abstract: Subclinical mastitis is a prevalent yet often overlooked condition in dairy cows, leading to reduced milk yield and quality. This study examines the microbial dynamics, environmental influences, and management factors contributing to subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. Microbial agents, including bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus uberis, are key contributors, with their ability to persist and form biofilms complicating detection and treatment. Environmental factors, including bedding quality, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 45–61 Read article
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Funding Water and Sanitation Initiatives to Foster Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Lagos State
Abstract: Sufficient funding, effective sanitation strategies, and the deployment of relevant technologies are essential for fostering economic growth, protecting public health, and promoting sustainable development. This study explores the crucial financing mechanisms needed to achieve sustainable water and sanitation goals, considering the diverse community needs, infrastructure complexities, and environmental responsibilities. It examines the challenges and opportunities in financing water and sanitation initiatives, emphasizing the importance of increased investments, improved governance, and …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Vedic Chemical Insights as Precursors to Modern Green and Sustainable Chemistry: An SDGAligned Perspective
Abstract: This paper explores the chemical insights found in ancient Vedic texts and their relevance to contemporary green and sustainable chemistry. It examines the alchemical traditions described in Vedic literature, such as Rasaśāstra, which integrate material and spiritual aspects of transformation. The study investigates how ancient chemical processes align with modern principles of green chemistry, including waste reduction, use of renewable resources, and energy efficiency. By analyzing the parallels between Vedic …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–48 Read article
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Advances in Photocatalytic Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment
Abstract: Water is a fundamental component of the life support system and is indispensable for the survival of all living organisms. Life cannot exist without water, and human societies depend on it for drinking, agriculture, industry, and sanitation. Water resources are increasingly under pressure in terms of both quality and availability, largely due to rapid industrial development, expanding urban areas, and rising population levels. These human-driven activities have played a major …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–56 Read article
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Revitalization of Regional Water Schemes in Nigeria: Current Issues and Policy Recommendations
Abstract: It is a fundamental human right to have access to clean, reliable water, but in Nigeria, inadequate regional water schemes and their decline have created a serious water crisis. This paper highlights the critical issues facing regional water schemes in Nigeria and proposes a path forward for revitalization. The issues are multifaceted, encompassing aging infrastructure, insufficient maintenance, mismanagement, population growth, and environmental challenges. These issues have contributed to a decline …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 8–19 Read article
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Women in Menstrual Hygiene Management
Abstract: This research paper provides the information about the women in various approaches of menstrual hygiene. In various countries women face the challenges during the period of menstruation. These include particularly low sanitary facilities and societal taboos. This research depicts the various issues faced by the females during their pre-menopause period, which leads to the barrier of hygienic reproductive health. There is a considerable gap in observational evidence on menstrual hygiene …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 71s–75s Read article