STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis Review Article

Advances in Photocatalytic Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment

  1. Rakshit Ameta 5Department of Chemistry, PACIFIC University, Udaipur, Rajasthan
  2. Lalita Joshi Department of Chemistry, PACIFIC University, Udaipur, Rajasthan
  3. Deepika Patel Department of Chemistry, PACIFIC University, Udaipur, Rajasthan
  4. Jyotsana Panwar Department of Chemistry, PACIFIC University, Udaipur, Rajasthan
  5. Suresh C. Ameta Department of Chemistry, PACIFIC University, Udaipur, Rajasthan
  6. R.M.Aadarsh Vel Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar
  7. R.Madhumitha Sri Anna University & Validation Analyst (R&D), Zifo Technology, Chennai
  8. S.Ravichandran St.Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research

Abstract

Water is a fundamental component of the life support system and is indispensable for the survival of all living organisms. Life cannot exist without water, and human societies depend on it for drinking, agriculture, industry, and sanitation. Water resources are increasingly under pressure in terms of both quality and availability, largely due to rapid industrial development, expanding urban areas, and rising population levels. These human-driven activities have played a major role in polluting both surface water and groundwater systems. Key contributors to water pollution include industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, domestic sewage, and other forms of waste. Effluents from industries often carry toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and hazardous materials that deteriorate water quality. In a similar manner, agricultural practices lead to the introduction of pesticides, fertilizers, and other harmful substances into nearby water bodies through surface runoff. Additionally, untreated or inadequately treated sewage worsens the situation by adding disease-causing microorganisms and organic contaminants. Consequently, such pollution renders water unfit for drinking, irrigation, and other vital applications. On a global scale, water pollution is strongly associated with insufficient sanitation facilities. It is estimated that over 2.6 billion people—nearly 40% of the global population—still do not have access to basic sanitation. This deficiency in sanitation infrastructure significantly contributes to the ongoing contamination of water resources. Consequently, over 10% of the global population relies on drinking water that is unsafe and poses serious health risks. Addressing water pollution requires sustainable management practices, improved wastewater treatment, and increased awareness to ensure safe and clean water for present and future generations.

Keywords

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