Synthesis
29 articles · search the full text for this term
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Chitosan polymer and composites Hydrogels: An Emerging Approach for Microplastic Elimination from Water
Abstract: Hydrogel is a polymer network which can retain huge volumes of water but still retains its shape because of its special chemical formula. Recently, hydrogels have become an object of great interest for environmental remediation due to the possibility of controlling their physicochemical properties in the case of removal of microplastics. The current work reviews and analyzes the efficiency of application of conventional coagulation systems based on chitosan and new …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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Recent Advances in Crystalline Materials
Abstract: Crystalline materials are solids in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional lattice. This well-defined structure gives rise to unique physical, chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, making crystalline materials essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications. Advances in materials science, crystal engineering, and nanotechnology have enabled precise control over crystal size, morphology, composition, and defect structures through innovative synthesis techniques. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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A Review on Quantum Dots and Their Bioimaging Applications
Abstract: Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor crystals engineered to emit highly intense, photo-stable luminescence with quantum yields reaching 90%. Structurally, they are synthesized as single-substance core types, hetero-structured core-shell architectures for enhanced stability, or blended alloys. They are further categorized by synthesis and functional traits into colloidal, magnetic, and highly fluorescent varieties, alongside specialized silicon and eco-friendly carbon-based variants derived from organic waste. Due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, they are …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 41–60 Read article
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Exploration of Copper Oxide PVA/PEG Paraffin Polymer Composites for Enhanced Thermal Performance of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials and Their Environmental Impact
Abstract: This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles integrated into polymer-based paraffin wax composites for advanced thermal management applications. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using a wet chemical approach and characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), confirming their crystalline structure, morphology, and nanoscale size distribution. The synthesized nanoparticles were incorporated into polymer-supported phase change …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 156–173 Read article
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A Mini Review of Synthesis and Applications of Functionally Graded Materials
Abstract: Material composition or microstructure varies gradually along the thickness over a specific volume in functionally graded material (FGM) that results in spatial change in properties like thermal conductivity, strength, stiffness, electrical, magnetic, and light properties, etc. Application of the concept of FGM leads to a single product that has multiple properties in it as demanded by the operational or functional requirements of the product under service conditions. It also allows …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 54–65 Read article
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Quantitative Mass Balance Modelling for the Synthesis and Production of Ten High-Volume Insecticides
Abstract: This study presents a detailed quantitative mass balance analysis for the industrial synthesis and production of ten high-volume insecticides: acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acynonapyr, alpha-cypermethrin, benzpyrimoxan, bifenazate, bifenthrin, bistrifluron, broflanilide, and bromofos, focusing on material flows, process efficiencies, and environmental implications. These compounds, spanning diverse chemical classes like neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and meta-diamides, are essential for crop protection but pose challenges due to resource-intensive syntheses and waste generation. For each insecticide, standardized manufacturing …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 36–55 Read article
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Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of Novel Chlorobenzenesulfonamide Analogues of Ibuprofen as Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Alzheimer Agents
Abstract: In this work, we have synthesized novel chlorobenzensulfonamide tertiary amide based analogues of Ibuprofen (Ibu) and investigated them for their anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activities. In the first step, Ibu was converted to amide derivatives by incorporating different aromatic amines. These were further converted into sulfonamide analogues (Sul-Ibu, 1-9) by treating it with p-chlorobenzensulfonyl chloride. Sul-Ibu (1-9) were screened against S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. mutans, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 41–55 Read article
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Wettability and Physiothermal Analysis of Silver-Reinforced Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite Based Biocomposite
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a biocompatible ceramic material, has garnered significant interest in medical applications due to its natural bone type replica. The current study investigates the physical, wettability, and thermal properties of a novel HAp derived from eggshell waste and reinforced with silver nanoparticles at 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 weight % concentration using chemical precipitation method and termed as HAP0.0Ag, HAP0.1Ag, HAP0.2Ag and HAP0.5Ag respectively. As observed, the Fourier transform …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 300–314 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review on Coumarin Derivatives
Abstract: Coumarins are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, fungi, and microorganisms with diverse bioactivities. They have antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Extracting coumarins, using methods like maceration and microwave- assisted extraction, is crucial for their applications. However, safety and toxicology are important, especially in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives. Consuming moderate amounts of coumarin-rich foods is generally safe, but excessive intake raises concerns about hepatotoxicity and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 72–80 Read article
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Green Chemistry Techniques used in The synthesis of Organic and Biochemical Compounds
Abstract: Green chemistry is closely related to “the design of chemical products and processes that specifically eliminate the use or generation of substances that are hazardous to humans, animals, plants, and the environment.” Green chemistry contains 12 principles that guide how a chemical is produced and used in a green and sustainable way, reducing pollution. Sustainable chemistry is a scientific concept that seeks to improve the efficiency with which natural resources …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 01–9 Read article
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Review on Bio and Chemical Reagents (Methods of Preparation and Uses)
Abstract: Among the organic compounds that are commonly used as chemical reagents in the field of pollution, removals of heavy metals from rivers, coordination chemistry and in various fields of life such as industry, medicine and pharmaceutical research are organic reagents such as oxime and imine azo reagents, Fehling’s and Tollen’s reagents and their derivatives. This type of reagent is characterized by high stability and rapid reaction with metal ions, as …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 17–25 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Properties of Coumarins
Abstract: Coumarins are a diverse group of secondary metabolites found in a variety of plant species (over 1200 different coumarins have been identified from natural sources, especially plants), as well as in fungi and microorganisms. Coumarin is a simple, widely occurring chemical structure in nature, present in many plants, fungi, and bacteria. In recent years, these natural compounds have attracted growing interest from the scientific community due to their broad spectrum …
Published in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 12–17 Read article
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Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Pyridine derivatives
Abstract: Schiff bases, a class of organic compounds, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, materials science, and coordination chemistry. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of Schiff bases amino pyridine derivatives and aromatic ketones along with their anti-microbial activity. Method: The synthesis of Schiff bases primarily involves the condensation reaction between a primary amine and a carbonyl compound (ketone) …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 35–48 Read article
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Ferrous bisglycinate (FBG) as a source of iron supplement
Abstract: Iron is a crucial element that holds significance in various essential biological functions. These include the synthesis of heme, which constitutes the core component of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the bloodstream. Additionally, iron is involved in the production of myoglobin, energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, collagen formation, and the functioning of the immune system. There are mainly two reasons for iron imbalance: Iron deficiency and Iron overload. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 32–41 Read article
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Synthesis and Application of Zeolite A from Kaolin Obtained from Dei Dei, Bwari Area Council, Abuja
Abstract: In this study, the synthesis of Zeolites from Kaolin obtained from Dei Dei, Bwari Area Council, Abuja was successfully carried out using standard methods (novel process of dealumination). Meta kaolinization was achieved by thermal activation of kaolin at the temperature range of between 600–900°C for 2 hours in a furnace and followed by dealumination with NaOH in an oven at 120°C for 6 hrs in order to achieve a desire …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 24, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Polyaniline Nanofluids Synthesized using CuCl2 as Catalyst
Abstract: AbstractThe development of nanofluids for enhancing the heat transfer properties over the conventional fluids is mainly hindered by a vital issue of dispersion stability and hence is being explored in the present work. In the present study, Copper Polyaniline nanoparticle was synthesized by the oxidative polymerization method using CuCl2 as a catalyst. The characterization of Copper Polyaniline was performed. The sizes of nanoparticles were found to be within 7.24 nm …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 20–40 Read article
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Synthesis of Brassinosteroid with Signaling and Response to Abiotic Stress: Review
Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones with multiple roles in plant growth, development, and responses to stresses and signaling functions to promote cell expansion and cell division and plays a role in etiolation and reproduction. The entire synthetic pathway of sterol biosynthesis is brassinolide (BL) from the general campesterol synthesis pathway in Arabidopsis. Campesterol converts to BL in two different ways campesterol dependent or campesterol independent pathway. …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany · Vol. 10, Issue 4, 2021 · pp. 24–32 Read article
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Antidiabetic Activity of Triazole Derivatives: A Review
Abstract: Triazoles are the most commonly synthesized nitrogen containing hetero cyclic compounds which have a numerous biological activity viz. antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-tubercular and antiviral activities. They are 5-membered hetero ring structure containing nitrogen as heteroatom at 3 positions. Over a decade, studies are being focused on the anti-diabetic activity of 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body doesn't produce enough insulin or does …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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Predicting Rate Equation for the Synthesis of Octadec-9-Enoic Acid Methyl Esters by the Methanolysis of Pongamia Pinnata Triglycerides Using Sono Reactor
Abstract: In the present work, octadec-9-enoic acid methyl esters are synthesized from pongamia pinnata oil using methanolysis in sono reactor. The rate equation is predicted for the methanolysis reaction. The produced methyl esters from pongamia pinnata oil confirmed to ASTM D6751 standards. Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry were used to characterise the methyl esters. The rate is dependent greatly on methanol concentration, and then on catalyst concentration …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 45–55 Read article
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Process and Applications of Nano Materials
Abstract: Nanomaterial’s describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometers (10−9 meter) but is usually 1–100 nm. Particles of “nano” size have been shown to exhibit enhanced or novel properties including reactivity, greater sensing capability and increased mechanical strength. In the last two decades, researchers began developing the ability to manipulate matter at the level of single atoms …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 23, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 12–19 Read article