STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery Original Research

Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Pyridine derivatives

  1. Alka Tyagi Shri Pandit Baburao Chaughule College of Pharmacy, Thane
  2. Pravin Roman Shri Pandit Baburao Chaughule College of Pharmacy, Thane
  3. Renuka Doiphode Shri Pandit Baburao Chaughule College of Pharmacy, Thane
  4. Sanjivani Chaudhary Shri Pandit Baburao Chaughule College of Pharmacy, Thane

Abstract

Schiff bases, a class of organic compounds, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, materials science, and coordination chemistry. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of Schiff bases amino pyridine derivatives and aromatic ketones along with their anti-microbial activity.

Method: The synthesis of Schiff bases primarily involves the condensation reaction between a primary amine and a carbonyl compound (ketone) along with glacial acetic acid. Various methods have been developed for the synthesis of Schiff bases. Classical methods typically involve refluxing the amine and carbonyl compound in a suitable solvent with or without a catalyst. In this research, nine new compounds of Schiff bases have been synthesized along with characterization and antibacterial and anti-fungal activities.

Result: It was discovered that all elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry values were significant. According to antimicrobial and antifungal screening results, compounds PS-1 and compound PS-9 were found to be more active against all tested strains, while Schiff bases demonstrate substantial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. PS-1 compound was found to have most activity in anti-bacterial test while PS-9 was found to possess best anti-fungal activity.

Conclusion: The current study examines the pharmacological properties of pyridine derivatives. Pyridine derivative PS-1 was found to be most active antibacterial agent and PS-9 most active antifungal agent. The results of the study have important implications for future investigations into possible therapies for bacterial infections.

Keywords

References (22)

  1. Khedr AM, Jadon S, Kumar V. Synthesis, Spectral analysis, and molecular modeling of bioactive Sn (II)-complexes with oxadiazole Schiff bases. J Coord Chem. 2011 Apr 20; 64(8): 1351–9.
  2. Tsacheva I, Todorova Z, Momekova D, Momekov G, Koseva N. Pharmacological Activities of Schiff Bases and Their Derivatives with Low and High Molecular Phosphonates. Pharmaceuticals. 2023;16(7):938. doi:10.3390/ph16070938
  3. Gul R, Munir W, Saleh EAM, Shujah S, Sirajuddin M, Tabassum S, et al. Ferrocene based Schiff bases and their complexes: Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 2024;1003:122944. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122944
  4. Gurav SS, Waghmode KT, Dandekar SN, Jadhav SD, Lotlikar OA, Jadhav SR, Mali SN, Naphade JG. New 2-Chloroimidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine induced Schiff bases: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and A-498 and A-549 anticancer activity, molecular modeling, in-silico pharmacokinetics, and DFT studies. Chem Phys Impact. 2024 Jun 1; 8: 100494.
  5. Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Catalano A, Cirillo F, Lappano R, Sinicropi MS. A review on the antimicrobial activity of Schiff bases: Data collection and recent studies. Antibiotics. 2022 Feb 1; 11(2): 191.
  6. Mishra N, Kumar K, Pandey H, Anand SR, Yadav R, Srivastava SP, Pandey R. Synthesis, characterization, optical and anti-bacterial properties of benzothiazole Schiff bases and their lanthanide (III) complexes. J Saudi Chem Soc. 2020 Dec 1; 24(12): 925–33.
  7. Alok P, Dhansay D, Shekhar V, Achal M, Ravindra DD. Synthesis of Schiff bases of 2-amino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole and its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. Int J ChemTech Res. 2011;3:178–184.
  8. Shahraki S, Majd MH, Heydari A. Novel tetradentate Schiff base zinc(II) complex as a potential antioxidant and cancer chemotherapeutic agent: Insights from the photophysical and computational approach. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2019;1177:536-544. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.10.005
  9. Saedi Z, Hoveizi E, Roushani M, Massahi S, Hadian M, Salehi K. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer properties and theoretical study of asymmetrical Cd(II) N2-Schiff base complexes. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2019;1176:207-216. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.072
  10. Shabbir M, Akhter Z, Ahmad I, Ahmed S, Ismail H, Mirza B, et al. Synthesis, characterization, biological and electrochemical evaluation of novel ether based ON donor bidentate Schiff bases. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2016;1116:84-92. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.008
  11. Deepika P, Vinusha HM, Begum M, Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Nagendra Prasad MN. RETRACTED: 2-methoxy-4-(((5-nitropyridin-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol Schiff base ligand and its Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization and biological investigations. Heliyon. 2022;8(6):e09648. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09648
  12. Pouralimardan O, Chamayou AC, Janiak C, Hosseini-Monfared H. Hydrazone Schiff base-manganese(II) complexes: Synthesis, crystal structure and catalytic reactivity. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 2007;360(5):1599-1608. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2006.08.056
  13. Karvembu R, Hemalatha S, Prabhakaran R, Natarajan K. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of ruthenium complexes containing triphenylphosphine/triphenylarsine and tetradentate Schiff bases. Inorg Chem Commun. 2003; 6(5): 486–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1387-7003(03)00021–2
  14. İspir E. The synthesis, characterization, electrochemical character, catalytic and antimicrobial activity of novel, azo-containing Schiff bases and their metal complexes. Dyes and Pigments. 2009;82(1):13-19. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2008.09.019
  15. Mabad B, Cassoux P, Tuchagues JP, Hendrickson DN. Manganese(II) complexes of polydentate Schiff bases. 1. Synthesis, characterization, magnetic properties, and molecular structure. Inorganic Chemistry. 1986;25(9):1420-1431. doi:10.1021/ic00229a025
  16. Kaushik S, Paliwal SK, Iyer MR, Patil VM. Promising Schiff bases in antiviral drug design and discovery. Medicinal Chemistry Research. 2023;32(6):1063-1076. doi:10.1007/s00044-023-03068-0
  17. K. Joshi K. Chemistry with Schiff Bases of Pyridine Derivatives: Their Potential as Bioactive Ligands and Chemosensors. Exploring Chemistry with Pyridine Derivatives. 2023. doi:10.5772/intechopen.106749
  18. Jiang L, Tian Y, Cheng J, Zhang J. A biomass-based Schiff base vitrimer with both excellent performance and multiple degradability. Polymer Chemistry. 2021;12(45):6527-6537. doi:10.1039/d1py01003d
  19. Sztanke M, Wilk A, Sztanke K. An Insight into Fluorinated Imines and Hydrazones as Antibacterial Agents. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 15; 25(6): 3341.
  20. Zhao J, Xie Y, Fang J, Ling Y, Gao Y, Liu X, Zhang Q, Xu Q, Xiong H. P-phenylenediamine-benzoquinone Schiff base Ag (I) complexes chemically bonded to few-layered graphene as flexible materials for electromagnetic studies. J Mater Sci. 2016 Dec; 51(23): 10574–84.
  21. Cui J, Sun Y, Wang L, Miao Q, Tan W, Guo Z. Preparation of l-Arginine Schiff Bases Modified Chitosan Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties. Marine Drugs. 2022;20(11):688. doi:10.3390/md20110688
  22. Christenson JC, Korgenski KK, Relich RF. Laboratory diagnosis of infection due to bacteria, fungi, parasites, and Rickettsieae. In: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, editors. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. Washington (UK): Elsevier; 2018. p. 1422–1434.e3. Available from: https://asm.org/getattachment/2594ce26-bd44-47f6-8287-0657aa9185ad/Kirby-Bauer-Disc-Diffusion-Susceptibility-Test-Protocol-pdf.pdf.
Support