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Trends in Drug Delivery

Antidiabetic Activity of Triazole Derivatives: A Review

  1. D. Ravi Sankar Reddy
  2. Pranav Chand Tadikonda
  3. A. Naga Divya

Abstract

Triazoles are the most commonly synthesized nitrogen containing hetero cyclic compounds which have a numerous biological activity viz. antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-tubercular and antiviral activities. They are 5-membered hetero ring structure containing nitrogen as heteroatom at 3 positions. Over a decade, studies are being focused on the anti-diabetic activity of 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body doesn't produce enough insulin or does not respond to the secreted insulin, as a result blood sugar levels in the body increases. Triazoles are believed to produce antidiabetic activity due to its heteroatom ring. They act by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme thereby preventing the digestion of carbohydrates and reducing the blood sugar levels. However, certain substitutions on triazole further increases its antidiabetic activity. Substitution with metallic compounds enhances inhibition of anticholinesterase and antidiabetic enzymes, while coupling with other heteroatomic molecules further polishes its α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. They also inhibit 11β-HSD1 when substituted with 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives or with benzene sulphonyl urea and thiourea.

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