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111 articles for “attenuation”
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Machine Learning Based Optimization of Optical Fiber Parameters for Minimizing Dispersion and Attenuation
Abstract: Optical fibers provide high-bandwidth and low-loss transmission for modern communication networks; however, attenuation and chromatic dispersion remain two important physical limitations affecting transmission distance, pulse integrity, and system capacity. Conventional optical-fiber design generally relies on analytical calculations and repeated numerical simulations to determine suitable geometric and material parameters. Such approaches become computationally demanding when several fiber parameters are simultaneously optimized. This paper presents a machine-learning-based methodology for predicting and optimizing …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 18–28 Read article
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Carbon Fiber Impact Attenuator: A Comprehensive Design and Analysis Approach
Abstract: In the high-stakes world of Formula One competition, accidents are a sad reality. The primary causes of these accidents are violent overtaking, high speeds, and environmental factors. All of these causes result in accidents, such as a car colliding head-on with barricades, two automobiles colliding, a car skidding on a wet track, etc. Driver safety must be improved, and accidents of this nature must be avoided. One such safety elements …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 452–468 Read article
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Seismic Hazard Evaluation through Attenuation Law Derivation and Response Spectrum Design: Bangladesh Case Study
Abstract: Bangladesh, positioned at the confluence of the Indian, Eurasian, and Burma tectonic plates, faces significant seismic hazards due to its complex geological setting. This research focuses on formulating empirical attenuation relationships and Creating a design response spectrum for assessing seismic risks in Bangladesh, using data from ten large earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 6. 7 to 7. 9. The study creates Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for various structural periods …
Published in Journal of Structural Engineering and Management · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 54–63 Read article
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Variation of Ground Acceleration with Increase in Lateral Distance
Abstract: Ground acceleration induced by dynamic loading decreases with increasing lateral distance from the source because of wave attenuation and energy dissipation through the ground. Accurate estimation of ground acceleration at different distances is essential for evaluating the safety and performance of nearby structures, particularly in blasting, seismic, and heavy construction activities. This study presents a simplified linear attenuation model for estimating ground acceleration at greater lateral distances using limited measured …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 21–27 Read article
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Nutrient-Mediated Activation of Cellular Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights into Attenuation of Toxin Induced Inflammation in Food Animals
Abstract: Dietary and environmental toxins remain a persistent challenge in food animal production, where subclinical and clinical inflammation compromises health, productivity, and food safety. Toxin induced inflammation is driven by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated immune signaling, resulting in impaired metabolic efficiency and increased disease susceptibility. Recent advances in nutritional science have revealed that nutrients act not only as substrates for growth but also as signaling molecules capable of modulating …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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BER Performance Analysis for Digital Modulation Techniques in AWGN Channel of FSO Communication System with Low Attenuation Coefficient
Abstract: BER is a potential methodology for examining digital transmission systems by providing a measurable and useful indication of system performance. If the BER rises within limit then the system performance will be obviously satisfactory. The paper represents BER performance of FSO communication system for a few number of digital modulation techniques: BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM and 16-QAM in AWGN channel by exploiting the Matlab simulated BER versus SNR graphs. The numerical …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 12–19 Read article
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Attenuation of Doxorubicin-induced Hepato- and Nephrotoxicity by Proanthocyanidins from Myrica nagi Bark in Wistar Rats
Abstract: Due to dose-related toxic effects, doxorubicin, a very potent and often used anti-cancer medication, is largely limited. The current research investigated the protective impact of Myrica nagi bark (PMN)-isolated proanthocyanidins on hepato-induced doxorubicin and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. The animals were subdivided into six classes of five rats each. Group I got PMN (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 days, Group II received Doxorubicin (DXR) (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once, 48 h …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Lands by Crude Oil using Enhanced Natural Attenuation
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of remediation by enhanced natural attenuation, (RENA) carried out to determine the effectiveness of RENA as a method of remediation in restoring crude oil-contaminated land. The work compared its effect on two different spills of different intensities and the effects across different depths of penetration. It further investigated the reason some sites remediated by RENA are restored better than some other sites remediated using the …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 81–92 Read article
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Flavonoids Attenuate Airway Mucin Expression, Production and Secretion Induced by Various Inducers
Abstract: Muco-obstructive respiratory disease is caused by changing normal biophysical properties of mucus including alteration of mucin concentration, ion composition and airway surface hydration. Flavonoids are one type of polyphenols which regulate mucin gene expression and consequently inhibit mucus secretion. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the effects of different flavonoids on regulation of various airways mucin gene expression and inhibition of the production of a major airway mucin core protein …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Comparison of Intravenous Lignocaine and Esmolol in Attenuating Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous lignocaine versus esmolol in minimizing the hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial included patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either intravenous lignocaine (Group L) or esmolol (Group E) prior to induction. Hemodynamic parameters—such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 29–44 Read article
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Retrieval of Incoming Shortwave Radiation Using Satellite Approaches: An Overview
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the detail of incoming shortwave radiation retrieval approaches and put forth the required inputs. This review covers the worldwide research study for the estimation of incoming radiation using geostationary platform. Researches on the estimation of ground solar radiation have concentrated more on using the data from geostationary meteorological satellites since the orbit gives an advantage of obtaining multiple acquisitions in a day …
Published in Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 46–59 Read article
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Acoustic Logging Methods in Fractured and Porous Formations
Abstract: Abstract Formation fractures have significant importance in the rocks’ permeability of oil and gas reservoirs. In real conditions, the opening of vertical fractures exceeds the opening of horizontal fractures and the permeability of reservoirs in conditions of horizontal wells is higher than in vertical conditions. For the sonic log longitudinal waves, unlike the transverse waves, the attenuation rate strongly depends on the wave path direction. It is shown that the …
Published in Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Review on Effect of the Chemical Composition of some Pharmaceutical Vaccines and their Biochemical Efficacy with Chemical Techniques
Abstract: Chemical compounds are fundamental components in the formulation of medicines and vaccines, playing a critical role in ensuring their safety, stability, and effectiveness. Vaccines contain a combination of active and inactive ingredients, including weakened or inactivated viruses or bacteria, toxins, preservatives, stabilizers, adjuvants, antibiotics, and minerals. The active ingredient is an antigen, which stimulates the body's immune system to recognize and defend against specific infectious diseases. Adjuvants, such as aluminum …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 01–09 Read article
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Design and Simulation of an Optical Fiber Communication System Using MATLAB
Abstract: Optical fiber communication is widely used for high-capacity data transmission because of its large bandwidth, low attenuation, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and support for wavelength-division multiplexing. These properties make fiber a fundamental medium in access, enterprise, submarine, and backbone networks, where high data rates, low error probability, and reliable transmission over distances ranging from buildings and campuses to metropolitan and long-haul links are required. This paper presents a MATLAB-oriented design …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Biquid Filter Based Equalization Through Plastic Optical Fiber
Abstract: Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) is increasingly recognized for its advantages in high-speed data transmission, particularly over short distances. Unlike traditional glass optical fiber, POF uses a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) core with a fluorinated polymer cladding, resulting in a larger core diameter that simplifies alignment and splicing. Recent advancements include the development of graded-index POF (GI-POF), where the core's refractive index gradually decreases from the center outward, minimizing modal dispersion and …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 Read article
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IP Transcendence: Unifying IPv6 Over IPv4 Network
Abstract: Dynamic routing also called adaptive routing like traditional glass optical fiber, POF uses a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) core with a fluorinated polymer cladding, resulting in a larger core diameter that simplifies alignment and splicing. POF's adaptability is one of its main benefits. Because of their fragility and stiffness, ordinary glass fibers would not be practicable in certain situations where POF can be put. POF is a great option for intricate …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power and Machine Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 36–42 Read article
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Structures and sensors of Polymer Optical Fibers for Last Mile Networks
Abstract: Originating from distinct concepts for transferring information, sensing, or lighting efficiency, fiber characteristics vary greatly throughout their range. A substantial bandwidth-length product with acceptable attenuation characteristics is required for effective transfer of information. Since sensor fibers are typically used over short distances having considerably lower attenuation prerequisites. This paper presents polymer optical fiber (POFs) structures that are used as sensors over conventional fiber optics.An even broader spectrum of optical characteristics …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 166–172 Read article
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Analysis of Losses in Geostationary Intersatellite Optical Wireless Communication Links
Abstract: The effective method to create a link between satellites is inter-satellite communication. Data is transmitted from one side to the other via a laser in this groundbreaking method. Optical networks, which offer continuous data transport over vast distances, are networks with high bandwidth efficiency. Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (Is-OWC) is a common method to transfer high-speed data between various satellites in free space. Is-OWC networks have undoubtedly innovated satellite communications …
Published in International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–18 Read article
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Analysis of FSO Communication System under different weather conditions by incorporating Pre and Post Optical Amplifier
Abstract: AbstractFSO Communication is currently needed for the modern era because of high channel capacity and bandwidth. FSO is a line of sight; license free and low-cost technology which makes it preferred over radio frequency communication and other wireless technologies. In this paper, the first part tells about the introduction of the FSO system, its advantages, disadvantages and applications. The second part will discuss the atmospheric attenuation caused by different weather …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 16–24 Read article
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Styrene, Carbonate Materials to Minimize Aberration in Free Space Optical Communications
Abstract: Enhancing wireless connectivity, particularly in harsh weather circumstances, is possible through the use of polymer-based materials in Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems. In the production of optical components like lenses, beam shapers, and protective enclosures for FSO transmitters and receivers, polymers are being used more and more because of their lightweight, affordable, and adjustable optical qualities. This study examines how well a polymer-integrated FSO link performs over 1–10 km …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 675–686 Read article