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1260 articles for “CTLA-4”
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Modelling, Simulation & Optimization of Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Microgrid for Electrification of Rural Areas
Abstract: Rural electrification in India faces persistent challenges due to unreliable grid connectivity, elevated transmission and distribution costs, and the geographical isolation of remote communities. Insufficient access to reliable electricity constrains economic development, educational opportunities, healthcare delivery, and overall quality of life in these areas. This study details the design and simulation of an off-grid, renewable-based hybrid micro grid for two rural villages: Khirgitola in Chhattisgarh, which has an electrification rate …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1206–1218 Read article
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Development of 3D Avatar based ISL Dictionary for Public Places Terminology
Abstract: A synthetic animated Indian Sign Language (ISL) dictionary could be a great tool for deaf people to communicate their thoughts, opinions, and ideas to hearing people in the current computerized era. There is currently no ISL synthetic animated dictionary designed specifically for public places, despite the fact that there are numerous human-based video dictionaries available. In this article, the creation of a 4231-word ISL dictionary for various public places terminology …
Published in OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Emerging Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Science: Advances in Cultivation, Postharvest Management, and Value Addition
Abstract: Fruit and vegetable industries are undergoing a radical restructuring as a result of technological development, sustained focus on sustainable development, and rising customer preferences. This review focuses on the latest changes and developments in cultivation, postharvest, value-addition, and management in the global landscape of horticulture. With a global cultivation of 367.72 million tons and a combined market value of greater than 800 billion USD, the sector grapples with significant challenges; …
Published in International Journal of Trends in Horticulture · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 42–55 Read article
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Metagenome-Informed Engineering of Monoclonal Antibodies: Mining Microbial Immunoglobulin-Like Domains for Ultra-Stable Therapeutics
Abstract: Metagenome-informed engineering represents an emerging strategy for improving the stability and functionality of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by leveraging the vast diversity of microbial immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains (10,24). These domains, derived from uncultured bacteria and bacteriophages, exhibit exceptional thermostability, protease resistance, and structural resilience due to adaptation to extreme environments (29,30). This review highlights advances in metagenomic mining, structural characterization, and protein engineering that enable the integration of microbial Ig-like scaffolds …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Design and Implementation of Automatic Flame Detection and Tracking
Abstract: Fire accidents pose important risks to life, property, and the environment, making early detection and fast suppression vital. This paper presents the design and application of an automatic flame detection and suppression system using Arduino Uno. The system uses flame devices to notice the presence and direction of flame, while the Arduino Uno processes the sensor data to control engines for sensor site and water pumping. The design joins two …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–14 Read article
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Advanced Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate for Flexible Antenna Design
Abstract: A type of thermoplastic polymers known as liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) is frequently used to package millimeter (mm)-wave, microwave, and radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits that operate at frequencies as high as 60GHz. LCPs are of prospective relevance as packaging material for advanced circuits at mm-wave frequencies due to their appealing electrical, thermal, and mechanical qualities and comparatively low cost. Flexible and conformal antennas are made possible by LCP's exceptional …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 233–245 Read article
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Experimental and Simulation Study on Reduction Kinetics of Magnetite Ore by using Hydrogen
Abstract: In the present work, magnetite ore fines pellets were prepared for a study of reduction kinetics using hydrogen gas. In the present work, various parameters are investigated to assess their influence on reduction kinetics with respect to hydrogen utilisation. The different input variables influence the process, yielding the reduction fraction. The effect of temperature on reduction kinetics with hydrogen flow rate was explored for the optimum value of these parameters. …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Brain And Gesture Controlled Assistive System For Physically Challenged Individuals
Abstract: Assistive communication technologies are essential for improving the independence of individuals with physical and sensory disabilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of a multimodal assistive system that integrates brain signal acquisition and gesture recognition for real- time communication. The system utilizes an Electroencephalography (EEG) sensor to capture neural activity and a PAJ7620 gesture sensor along with an ADXL335 accelerometer to detect hand movements. The acquired signals are processed …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Bioscouring And Anionization of Waste Cotton Fabric for Efficient Removal of Malachite Green Dye
Abstract: Adsorption is an efficient method for dye removal but the high cost of adsorbents limits its use, emphasizing the need for sustainable, low-cost alternatives. This study explores the usage of modified cotton fabric for the treatment of malachite green (cationic dye) from wastewater. Cellulase extracted from Raphanus sativus and Daucus carota were evaluated for bioscouring potential which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Further, cotton fabric was chemically modified using …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–68 Read article
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Soil Around the Pier Below the Bed Level of River
Abstract: This study presents the evaluation of vertical and lateral loads acting on a bridge pier–pedestal system subjected to self-weight and vehicular loading. The pier, having a height of 25 m, length of 20 m, and thickness of 1 m, was found to carry a self-weight of 1200 t. When combined with a vehicular load of 2000 t, the total vertical load on the pier becomes 3200 t. Considering lateral force …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 64–70 Read article
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Thin Film Technology in Sensor Manufacturing – A Technical Discussion
Abstract: Thin‑film technology has become the cornerstone of modern sensor manufacturing, enabling the convergence of miniaturisation, multifunctionality, and cost‑effective mass production. This paper surveys the latest advances in deposition techniques—ranging from magnetron sputtering and chemical vapour deposition to atomic‑layer deposition (ALD) and ink‑jet‑printed sol‑gel processes—and examines how their unique material‑control capabilities translate into performance gains across the sensor spectrum (chemical, physical, and bio‑sensing). By integrating nanoscale thickness control (≤ 10 nm) …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 48–58 Read article
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Grey Water Recycling
Abstract: Domestic grey water recycling and reuse in residential buildings have been comprehensively examined. It is estimated that recoverable grey water can account for approximately 35% to 40% of total household water demand, highlighting its substantial potential to reduce freshwater consumption in domestic settings. A comprehensive worldwide review of grey water recycling and reuse practices has been reported, highlighting the increasing importance of sustainable water management in both developed and developing …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 69–77 Read article
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ADAS Implementation & Drowsiness Detection in Vehicle
Abstract: Driver fatigue is a leading cause of road accidents, especially in public and commercial transportation, posing serious risks to passenger and pedestrian safety. To address this critical safety issue effectively, this research study presents an AI-powered ADAS designed specifically for BS6-compliant buses, using real-time fatigue detection to prevent accidents. The system integrates a Raspberry Pi equipped with an AI Hat+ module to monitor driver drowsiness by detecting prolonged eye closures …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 28–36 Read article
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A Knowledge Graph Approach for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Data Sharing Platform Implementation in the Context of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Abstract: Background: Breast cancer remains among the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide, and effective diagnosis and data integration continue to challenge clinical practice. Diagnostic reports from mammography and ultrasound contain rich clinical information that is often under-utilised due to heterogeneous formats and limited data-sharing infrastructure. In the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may influence oncogenic pathways and data complexity, advanced computational methods offer new solutions to this problem. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Structural Assessment of Rigid Pavement Systems Under Heavy Loading Conditions
Abstract: This study presents an analysis of pavement and foundation layer design subjected to heavy vertical loads and upward soil pressure. A total load of 1716 tonnes transmitted from the superstructure is considered acting on the pavement system. Due to upward soil pressure, tensile stresses develop in the foundation layers, requiring adequate thickness of sand and aggregate layers to ensure structural stability. Based on the tensile strength of sand (2 N/mm²), …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–48 Read article
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Investigations of A Solar Dryer With Thermal Storage
Abstract: This study presents the design, building, and performance evaluation of a low-cost mixed-mode natural convection solar cabinet dryer in conjunction with a latent heat thermal energy storage system. The work's goal is to reduce post-harvest losses in rural and semi-urban areas by offering an effective and reasonably priced method of preserving agricultural goods. The dryer is made out of a transparent polycarbonate lid to allow for solar heat gain, an …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Plc Hmi base testing machine data loger with usb excel data export
Abstract: The PLC-HMI-based testing machine data logger is designed to acquire, process, and log real-time sensor data using a PLC analog input card. This system is developed for industrial applications requiring accurate measurement, monitoring, and data storage. The setup integrates an HMI (Human-Machine Interface) for visualization and control, while a USB-based Excel data export feature ensures efficient data management. The system incorporates four key transducers: 1. Water Flow Sensor – Measures …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of Deccan Trap Basalts from Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Abstract: The Deccan Trap volcanic province represents one of the largest continental flood basalt provinces in the world and provides significant insights into magma generation and evolution processes. The present study focuses on the petrography and geochemistry of basalts from the Belagavi region, which forms part of the southern extension of the Deccan volcanic province. Petrographic analysis of thin sections reveals that the basalts are mainly composed of plagioclase feldspar and …
Published in International Journal of Minerals · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 52–61 Read article
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Revolutionizing Gender Justice: The Intersection of AI and Third-Gender Rights in Indian Legal Systems
Abstract: Artificiаl intеlligеncе (AI) аnd third-gеndеr rights in Indiа convеrgе аt а рivotаl juncturе for аdvаncing еquitаblе justicе systems. A trаnsformаtivе cараcity emеrgеs whеn аlgorithmic tools аrе strаtеgicаlly alignеd with lеgаl frаmеworks, раrticulаrly in reducing systemic bаrriеrs through еnhаncеd judiciаl аccеssibility. This аnаlysis еvаluаtеs AI’s duаl rolе аs both cаtаlyst аnd chаllеngе within Indiа’s evolving рolicy lаndscаре, focusing on thrее domains: lеgislаtivе dеsign, рredictivе jurisрrudеncе, аnd rights-bаsеd govеrnаncе structurеs. Currеnt rеsеаrch …
Published in Recent Trends in Social Studies · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–31 Read article
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Labeling transparency and heavy metal contamination in commercial protein powders: A case study
Abstract: With the recent surge in market demand, health supplements particularly protein powders, have become increasingly vulnerable to quality deterioration, adulteration, and unethical marketing practices. Non-compliance with labeling regulations is on a rise. Moreover, research indicates that heavy metals absorbed from contaminated soil often accumulate in the protein fractions of crops, thereby elevating the risk of heavy metal contamination in protein powders. These issues highlight the urgent need to systematically assess …
Published in International Journal of Nutritions · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 Read article