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132 articles for “toxicity test.”
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Effect of Some Selected Plant Materials on Turbidity and Bacterial Density of Surface Water Used for Drinking in Ekiti State
Abstract: Plant extracts of various parts have been used for water purification for many centuries. This present study was aimed at establishing the phytodisinfection potentials of selected plants at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mg/ml) in purification of surface water samples from selected rural communities of Ekiti State. These plants include Jathropha curcas, Calotrophis procera, Moringa oleifera,Hibiscus sabdariffa and Bambara nut which showed appreciable turbidity and bacterial …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 22–27 Read article
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Study Review: Molecular Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Cell Interaction – Implications for Drug Delivery and Toxicity
Abstract: The application of nanoparticles in drug delivery and biomedical therapies holds great promise, yet their interaction with cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains areas of active research. This study explores the molecular mechanisms of nanoparticle-cell interactions, focusing on the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in human cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7). The study examines how nanoparticles are internalized by cells, their impact on cellular …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Histological and Functional Effect of Melatonin on Reproductive System
Abstract: Many experimental studies reported that melatonin has shown to induce reproductive toxicity. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence regarding the toxic effect of melatonin on the reproductive system and its possible mechanism of toxicity. Literature included in thisreview showed that an extrinsic dose of melatonin inducespharmaceutical, biochemical and physiological effects on the mammalian reproductive function. Empirical and histological examination of melatonin exposure on reproductive function has …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 16–23 Read article
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Sodium benzoate induced reproductive and metabolic changes in Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Abstract: AbstractSodium benzoate is an effective antimicrobial agent used as a food preservative, but recently gained attention as the chemical toxicant. The present study investigated sodium benzoate induced male reproductive toxicity and metabolic changes at100 mg/ L concentration in the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus. Sodium benzoate did not alter the weight of fish but increased the secretion of mucous as the primary defensive mechanism. Reduction in the absolute and relative weights …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 56–71 Read article
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Insecticidal Activity of Rotenone in Brebra (Millettia Ferruginea) Oil Refinery Residue against Different Stored Crop Insect Pests and its Prospect to Apply as Pest Control Substance
Abstract: Use of botanical insecticides against stored crop insect pests is environmental safer and eco-friend alternative method for crop protection. The objective was to investigate insecticidal potential of oil refinery residue with rotenone against selected insect pest of stored crops. The amount of rotenone from samples was determined by HPLC. The toxicity of the rotenone from residual extract and non-defatted sample were tested against. Acanthoscelides obtectus, Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 15–23 Read article
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Assess the Level of Knowledge in Clinical Toxicology Among the Delegates Attended the State Level Conference in Clinical Toxicology
Abstract: This abstract highlights the essential role of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and physician assistants, in continually learning and enhancing their skills in clinical toxicology. Clinical toxicology is a crucial field for managing patients who have been poisoned or are experiencing drug overdoses. In a hospital setting, the professionals, such as those working in the poison control center, play a vital role as first responders in cases of toxicological emergencies. …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Inhibitory Action of Sodium Tellurite on Uropathogenic Bacteria
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to predict the toxic properties of sodium tellurite against selected uropathogenic bacteria. A group of nine clinical isolates of different uropathogenic bacteria isolated from urine in suspected cases of urinary tracts infection Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected and utilized for screening tests. The spectrum of toxic properties …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Methodologies for in silico and in vitro Test of Biphenylalanine Compounds as Potential HIV-1 gp120 Attachment Inhibitors
Abstract: We postulate that biphenylalanine and its derivatives are propitious candidates to inhibit the binding of HIV-gp120 to CD4 T-cell. Many biphenylalanine derivatives are synthesized chemically and also prevailing in nature. We have proposed atom- and bond-based 2D TOMOCOMD-CARDD approach to identify the best derivative. Moreover, according to our proposition, the principal law simulated from in silico interaction of gp120 with CD4 can be tested by ELISA in vitro. Furthermore, the …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 38–42 Read article
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Parameters of “Safety” in the Food Additive Industry: A Review of Risks and Benefits
Abstract: “Safety is in the eye of the beholder.” What is deemed “safe” by one observer may seem dangerous or risky to others. To approach this apparent quandary and assure ongoing scientific input, most food additives should be tested on laboratory animals and subsequently monitored if approved for human or animal consumption (i.e., parallel to the pathway for the approval of drugs). The term “safety” in the study of the toxicology …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 7–13 Read article
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Chemical Profile and Toxicity of Fresh and Dry leaves of the Essential Oils of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash. From Southwest Nigeria
Abstract: The fresh and dry leaves of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (Gramineae) plant was collected, air dried and authenticated at the University of Ibadan Herbarium with voucher number: UIH-23237. The plant's dried, fresh leaves were hydro distilled in a Clevenger device to extract the essential oils. The oils were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC – MS) while the toxicity of the essential oils was tested using brine shrimps’ lethality assay. …
Published in Recent Trends in Cosmetics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 44–49 Read article
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Creating Awareness on Toxic Nature of Cadmium
Abstract: Every day, we come into touch with hundreds of harmful compounds, both natural and manmade. A dangerous heavy metal that is widely present in nature is Cadmium. There have been several reports of cadmium poisoning throughout the world. It is well known that all forms of cadmium are harmful to the environment and to living things. It is a widespread issue with world health that, in some situations, can lead …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 28–31 Read article
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Pharma Tech: Leveraging Software for Drug Development & Clinical Research
Abstract: The pharmaceutical sector is progressively adopting software solutions to enhance the drug development process and optimize clinical research results. Drug development is a time-consuming, expensive, and intricate process that traditionally requires extensive laboratory research, preclinical testing, and several stages of clinical trials. Software tools are revolutionizing these stages by improving efficiency, minimizing errors, and speeding up timelines. During preclinical testing, predictive software tools are used to model toxicological effects and …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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Toxicological Effect of Khat (Catha edulis) in Male Reproductive System
Abstract: In this project paper, databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Hinary and Google search, were systematically searched for literature on the different aspects of Catha edulis (Khat) to synthesize, review, and present various research publications on the toxicology to document the effect of khat consumption on the histology and function of male reproductive system. The euphoric effects have been demonstrated to arise from the main constituent, (-)-S cathinone. Detailed studies on …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Research and Industrial Insight: Toxicology
Abstract: Toxicology is a division of biology, chemistry, and medicine related with the study of the special effects of chemicals on breathing organisms. It also studies the injurious effects of chemical, biological and physical mediators in biological system that founds the degree of destruction in living organisms. The correlation between dose and its belongings on the exposed organism is of great importance in toxicology. A factor that inspires the chemical toxicity …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 36–40 Read article
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Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin C on Acid Orange 7 Induced Oxidative Stress in the Gill of the Fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Abstract: Acid orange 7, an azo dye, was exposed to Anabas testudineus at a sublethal concentration (0.27 g/l) for 24, 72 and 96 h in order to evaluate the antioxidant status in the gill tissue. In addition, vitamin C at 0.55 g/l was exposed for 7 days after the dye exposure. Acid orange 7 decreased the body weight of fish, whereas mucous deposition increased significantly as the first line of defensive …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 15–27 Read article
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A Unique Insight on Detoxification and Inactivation of Metal Toxicity in Herbal-Metal Preparations in Siddha System
Abstract: Metal chelating property of various time tested siddha herbs were tested individually vis a vis Phyllanthus emblica, Embelia ribes, Elettaria cardamomum, Withania somnifera, Corollocarpus epigaeus, Centella asiatica, Celastrus paniculatus, Smilax chinensis, Psoralea corylifolia, Solanum trilobatum and Indigofera aspalathoides. Most of the plants showed metal chelating effect suggesting their role in in-activating metal toxicity. Use of these herbs along with metal preparation may offer some value in reducing toxicity due to …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 13–17 Read article
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Paternal Pre-Pubertal Smoking: Small RNAs, Lasting Marks, and the Hidden Legacy of Early Exposure
Abstract: While the negative effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy are well-established, the lasting and transgenerational impact of paternal pre-pubertal smoking remains a critical, underexplored area. Emerging evidence in sperm epigenetics suggests that cigarette exposure during early male development may create persistent molecular imprints that can affect the health of future offspring. This phenomenon is rooted in the fact that heredity extends beyond the DNA sequence. Sperm carry a complex epigenetic …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Copper Sulfide Semiconducting Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications: Synthesis Strategies, Mechanisms and Performance – A Review
Abstract: Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) have drawn growing attention as a next-generation antibacterial platform, owing to their tunable structural, optical, and catalytic properties. This review consolidates current evidence on CuS NP synthesis, mechanisms, and antibacterial performance, comparing chemical and green synthesis routes alongside the effects of morphology, doping, and surface modification. Mechanistically, CuS NPs act through several overlapping pathways, including reactive oxygen species generation, bacterial membrane disruption, ion release, and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 236–253 Read article
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Review on Different Approaches of Drug Development Process
Abstract: This paper is all about the process of bringing a new compound into the market. Different approaches to drug development are mentioned. Function of drug development to assess all parameters prior to human clinical trials and satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities, generally a number of tests are designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in man are the objectives of …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 18–21 Read article
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Assessing Nanomaterial Toxicity and Environmental Behavior: Toward Sustainable and Safe Nanotechnology
Abstract: The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has introduced engineered nanomaterials into diverse sectors including medicine, agriculture, electronics, and consumer products. However, the unique physicochemical properties that make nanomaterials valuable also raise significant concerns about their potential toxicity to human health and ecological systems. This study presents a comprehensive survey-based analysis of 400 respondents from diverse professional backgrounds across seven countries to assess perceptions and understanding of nanomaterial toxicity mechanisms and environmental …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 28, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article