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1363 articles for “Pre-clinical”
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Novel Approach for Automated Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy
Abstract: Automated and early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy is a crucial need. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness among people. DR is a progressive disease classified according to the presence of various clinical abnormalities. It doesn’t have any visible symptoms till the disease is at late stage. Therefore, it necessary to detect DR at early stage and to ensure proper treatment. For early detection of DR, different automated …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 9–13 Read article
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Patterns of Antihypertensive Drug Utilization in a West Indies University Teaching Hospital
Abstract: Objective of this study was to determine the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive medications in specialty outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital of a Caribbean developing country. A retrospective prescription-based survey was conducted in the renal and cardiac outpatient clinics during the period September to December 2006. Data recorded included demographic data, antihypertensive and other drugs prescribed, duration of prescription, adverse drug reactions and side effects. A total of 285 …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 26–34 Read article
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A Review on Lung Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning
Abstract: Lung cancer continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related mortality across the globe. Timely diagnosis and reliable prediction models play a crucial role in enhancing treatment outcomes and survival rates for patients. The present study focuses on the utilization of machine learning (ML) methods for the prediction of lung cancer. Using datasets that incorporate clinical records, imaging modalities, and genetic profiles, the research assesses the predictive capabilities of multiple …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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A Study of Diabetic Retinopathy using Convolutional Neural Networks
Abstract: This paper focuses on study of rapid detection of retinopathy, since prompt therapy can help decrease as well as possibly eliminate loss of eyesight. Furthermore, automatically locating portions of the optic picture which may include lesions could aid professionals in their identification function. Retinopathy is a frequent diabetic condition that comprises changes in the retinal blood capillaries. Such changes may lead capillaries to rupture as well as release fluid, causing …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Suspected Female Patients Attending Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious health problem affecting millions of people, commonly females, each year around the world. UTI is defined by a combination of clinical features or symptoms and the presence of bacteria in urine or presence of more than 100,000 CFU/mL after urine culture. Clinical symptoms of UTI include frequency, dysuria, abdominal pain, back pain, fever, and urgency. Diagnosis of UTI relies on both urinalysis and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 20–32 Read article
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The Prognostic Efficacy of Inflammatory Indicators in Determining the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system, presenting with diverse clinical symptoms and manifestations. This study investigates the diagnostic potential of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in detecting MS attacks among relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients seeking care in the emergency department (ED). The research focused on RRMS patients who presented to the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Comparison of Recording of Blood Pressure by Mercury Sphygmomanometer and Digital Sphygmometer: A Pilot Study
Abstract: Mercury sphygmomanometers are being replaced by other devices due the risk of mercury exposure to individuals as well as the environment. However, the accuracy of blood pressure (BP) recording must be ensured. The devices should be clinically validated before use. Present study was done to compare the recording of BP with mercury and digital sphygmomanometer. A descriptive comparative study design was employed. Fifty hospitalised patients were purposively selected. Patient information …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 34–37 Read article
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A Study and Report on Impact of Clinical Pharmacy Services Over Indian Health Care System in the Management of Chronic Disorders/Diseases in Hospital
Abstract: The study aims to ensure safe, effective, economic, and patient friendly with the knowledge inputs of each professional practice. With the primary and secondary objectives being: to study the role of the clinical pharmacist/doctor of pharmacy professional in the management of chronic diseases/illness, minimise medication/prescription errors, minimise/prevent adverse drug reactions, all types of drug interactions, and unnecessary healthcare costs, reducing drug-related problems and to monitor drug therapy efficiently, attain desired …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 46–82 Read article
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Skin Prick Test and Intradermal Test in Allergic Disorders: Clinical Relevance
Abstract: Allergic diseases are one of the commonest ailments affecting individuals of all age groups globally and their prevalence has been increasing exponentially. Allergy skin testing was started in 1860 by Blackley as a diagnostic tool. Since then, it has been the standard clinical method to demonstrate the presence of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in allergic diseases. There is now consistent evidence that if we decrease sensitization to an allergen, we can …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 23–34 Read article
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A Research Study and Report on Impact of Clinical Pharmacy on Vaccine Safety, Vaccine Vigilance, ADR Assesment and Reporting Among Pediatrics During Active Immunization Schedules at ESI Hospital
Abstract: Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a given vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). A vaccine typically contains a disease-causing microorganism, or portion of it, and is often made from either live-attenuated or inactivated (killed) forms of the microbe, its toxin or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines may be monovalent or polyvalent (multivalent).. The main Aim of the study is to explore the knowledge, attitudes and concerns with respect …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 35–45 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence in Drug Repurposing: A Short Impact Assessment
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmaceutical repurposing has become a game-changing tool that opens new avenues for the application of new drugs that have already been approved. Traditional drug discovery is a lengthy and expensive process, whereas AI can rapidly analyze vast datasets of biological, chemical, and clinical information to predict drug-disease interactions. AI-driven techniques, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning, enable the identification of potential repurposing …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 42–45 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review: Medicinal Plants with Potential Antidiabetic Activity
Abstract: AbstractMedicinal plants really play an important role in the treatment of various health problems because of their better acceptance and being safe from undesirable side effects. Diabetes mellitusis is an interesting area of herbal research at present. More than 400 medicinal plants are used to treat diabetes mellitus all over the world. A number of animal studies to test the claimed activity have demonstrated the hypoglycemic property of many of …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 29–57 Read article
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Engineering Anti-Tau Monoclonal Antibodies for Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinsonian Tauopathies: A Biotechnological Perspective
Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are characterized by progressive neuronal loss associated with abnormal protein aggregation. Among these, tauopathies are defined by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which plays a central role in disease progression. Advances in biotechnology have enabled the development of anti-tau monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as promising therapeutic agents aimed at neutralizing pathological tau species and inhibiting their propagation. This review provides a …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 52–58 Read article
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Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue Fever Co-infection
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are two significant pathogenic viruses that can cause severe encephalitis. Dengue and Japanese encephalitis are vector-borne illnesses.Arboviruses that are carried by mosquitoes are significant India's causes of death and morbidity The rainy season, when the vector population grows, is when both dengue and Japanese encephalitis transmissions peak. We still don't fully understand how the CNS is involved in dengue and Japanese encephalitis …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia_A Evidence-Based Literature Review
Abstract: Iron deficiency anaemia represents a medical condition characterised by a reduction in the concentration of haemoglobin in the bloodstream below a defined level, according to the World Health Organization. The condition presents itself in two forms: functional IDA and absolute IDA. The former is characterized by normal or elevated total body iron stores, but insufficient iron supply to the bone marrow. At the same time, the latter occurs when total …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 17–28 Read article
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Current Drugs Target the EGFR
Abstract: Cancer is a devastating disease, but there have recently been significant advancements in therapy that have identified EGFR and its related proteins as valuable indicators and targets for treatment. The ERBB receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily includes EGFR, which is a transmembrane glycoprotein. When the EGFR receptor interacts to its particular ligand, EGF, it causes tyrosine residues to be phosphorylated and forms receptor dimers with other members of the receptor family. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Comprehensive Review on Antimicrobial based Hydrogel for Wound Healing
Abstract: Chronic wounds present a significant clinical challenge due to their prolonged healing time, high risk of infection, and frequent recurrence. The development of novel wound dressings with both healing and antimicrobial properties is essential for effective wound management. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an antimicrobial drug-loaded hydrogel designed to promote chronic wound healing. Chronic wounds are a growing concern in healthcare, often taking weeks or even …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 72–88 Read article
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The Renaissance and Resilience of CB1 Reverse Agonists: From Central Liabilities to Peripheral Promise
Abstract: Building upon these foundational insights, current research has increasingly focused on refining the pharmacological profile of CB1 reverse agonists to maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing central adverse effects. The adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes associated with first-generation agents such as Rimonabant including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation highlighted the critical role of central CB1 receptors in mood regulation. Consequently, drug development strategies have shifted toward peripherally restricted CB1 reverse agonists that exhibit …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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The Early Brain Hemorrhage Prediction System Using Machine Learning
Abstract: Brain hemorrhage is a critical medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as delays in diagnosis can result in severe neurological damage or death. The condition involves bleeding within or around brain tissues, leading to increased intracranial pressure and disruption of normal brain function. Although imaging techniques such as CT scans and MRI provide accurate diagnosis, their availability is limited in emergency and rural settings. In recent years, machine learning has …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Interfacial Performance and Structural Stability of Repaired vs. Replaced Polymer-Based Composites: A 3-Year Retrospective Analysis of 'Patch-up' Restorative Engineering
Abstract: Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical longevity and interfacial success of repairing aged polymer-based composites versus complete replacement, focusing on the integration between the existing polymer matrix and the new restorative material. Materials and Methods: A retrospective clinical audit was conducted on 50 cases (n = 50) of posterior restorations with localized defects. The sample was categorized into: Group A (n = 25), where defective sites were …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 180–187 Read article