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26 articles for “chlorination”
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Determination of Free Chlorine Water Content in Jalandhar City Using Colorimeter
Abstract: Water is the ultimate source of life on this universe. Water is vital for the survival of humans, animals, and plants, and the issue of freshwater is becoming increasingly critical in society. With the human body composed of 64% water, contaminated water, inadequate waste disposal, and poor water management contribute to severe public health issues such as cholera, typhoid, and malaria annually. Globally, the quality and quantity of water are …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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The Safety of Dental X-ray Machine against the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): In Vitro Model Explores the Effects of Chlorine Free Radical, Duration of Exposure and the Doses of Irradiation
Abstract: Background: Patients attended to the dental clinics are referred to X-ray which may arise the possibility of adverse reactions upon oral mucosa. X-ray-induced oral mucosa damage is related to the generation of the free radicals in the aqueous media of the cells. Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the safety of dental X-ray exposure by utilizing an in vitro experimental model of calf-thymus double strands DNA (ctdsDNA) molecule exposed to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 23–28 Read article
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Integration of Photo-catalysis of Ultraviolet Rays for Chlorination Process of Methane Conversion into Mono-, Di-, Tri- and Tetra-Chloromethane
Abstract: Alkanes the most basic of all organic compounds undergo very few reactions due to its stability. One of the reactions is halogenation, or the substitution of single hydrogen on the alkane for a single halogen to form a haloalkanes. Example of this halogenation of alkanes is the chlorination processes. It is well established that methane-chlorine mixture undergoes substitution reaction at the temp of about 400ºC and presence of light without …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 8–10 Read article
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Modelling and Evaluation of Kinetics of Methane Chlorination using Matlab Techniques
Abstract: The chlorination of methane follows series-consecutive reaction mechanism to yield the chloromethanes products. The equation of reaction comprised of four consecutive step chemical reaction equations. The kinetics model for chlorination of methane into monochloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and tetrachloromethane was developed from the chemical reaction equations. In the elementary rate equation, the concentration of chlorine was assumed to be in excess, reducing the model to first order kinetics. The developed model …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Chlorine Leakage from Control Valve in Charging Station Pipeline: A Case Study
Abstract: This paper describes accidental release of chlorine gas from control valve through a chlorine charging system in a green color pigment manufacturing chemical industry. The chlorine gas dispersed over the entire reactor floor and nearby area at night time shift work. This paper presents root cause analysis of the incident. Corrective and preventive measures are also discussed. Finally, conclusions reached with recommendations are drawn for industrial facilities for handling and …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Simple Diphenyl Chalcone and Its Chlorinated Derivatives
Abstract: The pharmacological activities of chalcones and their derivatives are well documented. Chalcones are an important class of natural products that occur in edible plants such as spices, tea, fruits and other vegetables. In vitro studies have shown that chalcones inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking cell cycle progression. Substituent effects, namely, adding electron-withdrawing substituents to the chalcone structural motif, and the extents to which those …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Review on Increasing the Kappa Reduction in Oxygen Delignification Stage at Pulp Mills
Abstract: The use of oxygen delignification in bleached kraft pulp mills to reduce the lignin content of pulp prior to final bleaching is increasing worldwide. However, oxygen treatments are normally limited to less than 50% lignin removal to avoid excessive loss of pulp strength potential. More selective oxygen delignification processes are required which can extend lignin removal beyond 50% while maintaining final pulp quality. Work reported here has shown that pulp …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 36–42 Read article
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Domestic Drinking Water Electrical Purifier
Abstract: Domestic drinking water purification systems are designed to treat hard water, remove deposits such as scale, sand, lime, rust, etc., and to deactivate harmful viruses and bacteria such as E. coli. The advantages of these purification systems are that they are not only a source of clean drinking water, but also that clean drinking water protects heating systems, household appliances, plumbing, washing/laundry etc. from deposits such as scale, sand, lime, …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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Developments in Functional PVC and Its Composites
Abstract: The main aim of this review study is to summarise the progress and recent modifications in the area of functionalised PVC including chlorinated PVC, PVC copolymers and their composite developments. Functionalized PVC and its copolymers shown very good improved properties which enhanced the PVC application domain as compare to other polymers. Due to the higher chlorine content polyvinyl chloride (PVC) shows higher mechanical and fire-resistive properties which are suitable for …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 55–67 Read article
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Investigation and Comparison of Different Action of Catalyst and Process Conditions in the Production of Chlorobenzene
Abstract: Overview on the investigation and comparison of different action of catalyst and process conditions reveals that the productions of chlorobenzenedoesnot occur naturally, Chlorobenzene is an aromatic compound with chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, volatile, water-insoluble, flammable liquid with a penetrating smell of almonds is a common solvent which is gotten mostly from the chlorination of benzene and widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Production of chlorobenzene is …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Microbial Analyses of Hand Dug Wells in Makeni Town, Sierra Leone
Abstract: The various water samples were analysed for residual chlorine, ammonia, fluoride, nitrate, sulphite, lead, arsenic, chromium, and bicarbonate levels from January to August 2024. The bacteria contamination was investigated to determine the safety of the water for the consumption of human. The temperatures across the four wells ranged 27.3oC to 30.0oC, with and average values ranging from 27.94oC to 29.15oC. pH values were within the WHO recommended guidelines range of …
Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 01–13 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of Eco-friendly Cutting Fluid in Machining Process—An Approach towards Environmentally Friendly Production
Abstract: The machining industry's evolving environmental consciousness has prompted a growing demand for cutting fluids devoid of chlorine and sulphur, thus fostering sustainable machining practices. This surge in demand is driven by mounting apprehensions over environmental contamination and worker safety. As the industry transitions to modern cutting fluids, it becomes imperative to comprehend their effectiveness and the optimal machine parameters required for their deployment in the turning process. In our current …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 12, 2023 · pp. 149–160 Read article
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Dioxin Sources, Types, Toxicity, and Removal Technologies: A Review
Abstract: This review provides a comprehensive investigation of dioxin, an endocrine-disrupting compound, and its impacts on environment and human health. Dioxin have antagonistic effects on hormones. It is pivotal to identify the origin of dioxin exposure for the well-being of environment and human health. Hence, the sources of dioxin, its dispersion, concentrations in air, water and soil medias, and health effects are discussed in detail. Endocrine disrupting compounds are categorized into …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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Exploring Emerging Water Disinfection Technologies: A focus on Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Abstract: Availability of clean drinking water is an ongoing global demand. Contaminated water sources, inappropriate waste disposal, and inadequate hygiene procedures exacerbate it. These elements support the growth of pathogenic microbes like bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which cause a variety of diseases that are transmitted by water. Disinfection plays a vital role in water treatment processes by eliminating these pathogens and ensuring public health safety. Commonly used methods like Chlorination, Ozonation, …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 44–53 Read article
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Potential of Particle Size Mix Ratios of Plantain Ogoni Red with Clay Soil: The Integrity of Adsorbent Performance in AGO Treatment in Fresh Water Environment
Abstract: The research is focus on monitoring the performance of various formulated adsorbent mix ratio of clay soil with some agro-based materials in treatment of contaminated water environment. The agro-based material used was Plantain Ogoni Red (POR) and fresh water environment was used for this research. The agro-based material was processed into different particle sizes of 150 𝜇m, 300 𝜇m, 600 𝜇m and 1.18 mm and the clay soil into fine …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 12–25 Read article
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Prevention of Water Overflows and Leakages at MPCOE Campus
Abstract: Water is one of the fundamental necessities of human life, essential for a wide range of daily activities. People rely on water for drinking, cleaning, cooking, irrigation, and industrial processes. To meet these needs, water is often pumped from ground storage to overhead tanks. However, the use of non-automated switches to operate pumping machines can lead to significant issues, such as water overflow and unnecessary electricity consumption. The proposed system …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 43–51 Read article
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Chemical Treatment Methods for Types of Chemical and Environmental Pollution: Review
Abstract: Developed countries have witnessed the industrial revolution and technological advancements, as a result, environmental pollution is steadily increasing, negatively impacting living organisms and life sources. The causes are well known, as are the solutions, but major industrialized nations are procrastinating and postponing implementation of solutions because it reduces their profits. To address chemical pollution: reducing the use of nuclear energy, disposing of chemical waste in proper ways, and focusing on …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 53–60 Read article
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Overview of the Relationship of Chemical Behavior to Electron Structure of Group VII Elements in the Periodic Table
Abstract: This article examines the intriguing relationship between the chemical properties and electron configurations of Group VII elements, known as halogens: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At), which are located in the periodic table. These elements possess a common electron arrangement characterized by seven electrons in their outermost energy level. This shared arrangement is fundamental to their unique reactivity patterns. As one moves down the group, …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 43–58 Read article
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Determination of Compatibility of Polymer Systems and Study of Chemical Properties of their Mixtures
Abstract: We have obtained mechanical strength of materials as a result not by synthesizing new polymers, but by using industrial polymers. We have developed a technology for obtaining new composite materials based on industrial multi-tonnage polymers of high-strength polyethylene (HSPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (DUTEP), butyl rubber (BR), chlorocarboxylate polyethylene (CCPE), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). To obtain a composition from these polymers, their mixture compatibility was first determined using …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 17–29 Read article
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Review on the Effects of Chemical Compounds Toxicity on Workers in Chemical Laboratories.
Abstract: Chemical laboratories are considered high-risk work environments due to the wide range of chemicals that workers handle, which may be toxic, corrosive, or flammable. Improper handling of these substances can lead to serious health problems, ranging from mild irritation to death in cases of exposure to chemical compounds such as phenols and amines, which cause various types of lung and laryngeal cancers and respiratory diseases in laboratory workers who are …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 17–26 Read article