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1909 articles for “CoS” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Pharmacoeconomic Perspectives on Clinical Pharmacy Practice: Enhancing Cost Efficiency in Healthcare
Abstract: Pharmacoeconomics is an essential aspect of clinical pharmacy that determines the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment, which helps healthcare providers to allocate resources fully. This review discusses some of the notable pharmacoeconomic evaluation techniques, including Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA), and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), and their use in clinical decision-making. The paper also brings out the importance of clinical pharmacy intervention, such as Medication Therapy Management (MTM), patient counselling, and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 85–91 Read article
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Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC): A Staged Framework for Cosmic Energy Transformation and Late-Time Acceleration
Abstract: The ΛCDM model successfully describes the universe’s expansion but remains fundamentally descriptive: it assigns fixed densities to matter, dark matter, and dark energy without providing a unifying physical mechanism behind their coexistence or evolution. In this work, we introduce the Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC), a novel framework based on the staged transformation M → DM → DE, where ordinary matter gradually dissolves into a dark-matter-like reservoir, which subsequently transforms …
Published in International Journal of Universe · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 18–34 Read article
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Applying Kruskal's Algorithm in Supply Chain Management for Cost-Effective Network Optimization
Abstract: Transportation route optimization and cost reduction are major difficulties in today's dynamic and complicated supply chain systems. To produce economical and effective network designs, this study investigates the use of Kruskal's algorithm for supply chain network optimization. The algorithm guarantees that all supply chain nodes, including delivery hubs, warehouses, and distribution centers, relate to the lowest possible total transportation cost by building the minimum spanning tree (MST). The study shows …
Published in International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 49–54 Read article
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Cosmeceuticals Unveiled Innovation and Efficacy in Skincare Science
Abstract: By combining the terms "Cosmeceuticals" and "pharmaceuticals," the phrase refers to goods that combine the medicinal benefits of pharmaceuticals with the aesthetic benefits of cosmetics. These innovative products do not strictly fall into the categories of either cosmetics or pharmaceuticals but serve as a bridge between the two, offering a unique combination of beauty enhancement and health improvement. Similar to pharmaceuticals, Cosmeceuticals contain active ingredients and compounds that are scientifically …
Published in Recent Trends in Cosmetics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Cosmetic Topical Formulations: Design Strategies, Skin Interaction Mechanisms, Clinical–Cosmetic Applications, and Emerging Trends
Abstract: Cosmetic topical products are central to modern skin care, as they deliver active ingredients directly to the skin surface and upper layers to improve appearance, texture, and function. By acting locally on the epidermis and adnexal structures, these preparations help manage dryness, photoaging, pigmentation, acne, and sensitive-skin conditions while minimizing systemic exposure. A wide range of dosage forms—creams, lotions, gels, ointments, serums, sprays, and transdermal-inspired cosmetic patches—are engineered to modulate …
Published in Recent Trends in Cosmetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 39–47 Read article
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Development of Cost-Effective Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy in India
Abstract: The growing challenge of cancer in India demands the development of novel treatment approaches that are efficient and less expensive in alleviating disparities related to healthcare access and optimizing outcomes. Among the possible options, the drug delivery systems utilizing nanocarriers have been developed and they provide greater therapeutic targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and decreased treatment costs over time. In this research, we assess the degrees of awareness, affordability, and acceptability …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Cosmeceuticals: Integrating Therapeutic Functionality into Cosmetic Science
Abstract: Cosmeceuticals are a quickly growing group of skincare products that are in between cosmetics and drugs. These products have biologically active components that are said to provide medical or drug-like advantages for a number of skin problems, including ageing, hyperpigmentation, acne, and damage from the sun. Cosmetics are not medications, but cosmeceuticals are made to affect skin function at the cellular level. This article talks about what cosmeceuticals are, how …
Published in Recent Trends in Cosmetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 19–35 Read article
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Root cause ananlysis of cost overrun in interior projects
Abstract: The construction industry is a path through which development of urban and rural India happens. The development of the project happens. The construction industry and its parties are associated with high degree of risk due to the nature of construction business activities, processes, environment and organization: Cost overrun is one of the most important problems in the construction one of the major problems faced by the construction industry is the …
Published in International Journal of Rural and Regional Development · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 11–21 Read article
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A Lightweight Cost-Sensitive Explainable Ensemble Framework for Early Heart Disease Risk Prediction
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is still one of the leading causes of death, and hence, the early prediction of risk is a very important task in preventive medicine. Although recent studies have shown encouraging results in the application of machine learning algorithms to the prediction of heart disease, it has been noticed that most of the algorithms are more concerned with accuracy-driven optimization than the concerns of safety and false negatives. In …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 26–40 Read article
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Assessing the State of Readiness in Medium and Large-Scale Industries for Introducing Innovative HR Practices to Catalyze Operational Excellence and Becoming a Cost-Quality Leader
Abstract: Innovative HR practices help company in catalyzing operational excellence and cost quality leader. Through innovative HR practices company can convert its intangible innovative HR practices in to tangible results. Before 5 to 10 years company considered HR department as a nonhju7-productive department; but now a day’s scenario has been changed; now a company considers HR department as the most crucial part of the company. The primary objective of this research …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 54–63 Read article
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Cosmetology in Ayurveda
Abstract: The word “cosmetics” is derived from the Greek ‘kosmetike’ meaning ‘technique of dress and ornament.’ Beauty is the desire of every individual, which does not only confine to women; but as well the men, as beauty is not only termed to attract the people, but also gives a psychological sense of comfort and self-confidence. Beauty is not something that is limited only to the external use of cosmetic products, but …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga and Naturopathy · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 7–17 Read article
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Virtual Tooling Development and Tooling Cost Estimation for Sand Casting
Abstract: Casting is a major manufacturing process. It requires an understanding of a wide range of geometrical, material and process parameters. For producing cost effective casting, in today's market of intense competition, where the need of the hour is to develop quality products at low cost and short lead time, innovative and cost effective designs are the means to success. Early cost estimation, necessary for design-to-cost philosophy, serves as a decision …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 59–66 Read article
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An Arduino-Based Autonomous Serving Robot with GPS Navigation for Cost-Effective Service Automation
Abstract: Robots built for service are no longer confined to research labs or luxury hotels; they are starting to appear in everyday spaces where speed and consistency make a real difference. In a restaurant, for example, a robot that can deliver meals and clear trays reduces staff workload, while in hospitals it can free nurses from routine errands. Schools, too, can benefit by using such machines for both practical and teaching …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 13–17 Read article
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Dynamic Approach to Evaluate Costing through Software with Integration of CAD/CAM
Abstract: This paper provides the approach to evaluate costing of a model through the use of CAD/CAM integration with establishing rules and scripting. Costing includes the direct and indirect cost of the product. The earlier process of cost estimation was laborious for engineers and it takes long time to evaluate the cost of a finished product. This methodology provides the knowledge to integrate software technology with production knowledge by establishing the …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 21–32 Read article
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Study of Cost Overrun in Repair & Rehabilitation Projects in India
Abstract: In broad sense, the word "rehabilitation" suggested putting a building back to how it was before. The specialized area of repair and rehabilitation engineering necessitates knowledge and skills that go beyond those needed for design and construction engineering. Repair and rehabilitation projects are significantly more challenging and more complicated than new construction projects. It is vital to take a methodical approach to structural deterioration, and technology management and economics should …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Design and Planning · pp. 35–40 Read article
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Identification and Assessment of the Factors causing Cost Overrun in Housing Projects
Abstract: Poor cost performance is a major problem in construction industry, especially in developing countries like India. Statistics reveal that majority of the projects faces the issue of cost overrun. The interrelationship between the causes of cost overrun and stakeholders has not been explored yet. The aim of the research is to minimize the effects of project cost overrun. The objective of the study is to categorize and rank the potential …
Published in International Journal of Urban Design and Development · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 17–34 Read article
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Cosmeceuticals – The Reality Beyond Expectation
Abstract: Cosmeceuticals, a fusion of cosmetics & pharmaceuticals, have revolutionized the personal care industry. Beyond just being aesthetically pleasing, many products have therapeutic effects that address skin issues and enhance general wellbeing. This review explores the historical background, classification, types, and benefits of cosmeceuticals. The global market demand for cosmeceuticals is rising, driven by the desire for youthful and healthy appearances. However, the industry faces challenges, including variable efficacy, safety concerns, …
Published in Recent Trends in Cosmetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 44–54 Read article
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Review on Impact of Factor Affecting Cost Estimation Corresponding with Stakeholder’s Prospective View
Abstract: For project planning and finance, it is essential to make very accurate cost estimates for construction projects early on in the project development process. Before purchasing a site and committing to build, construction clients need timely and accurate cost advice in order to make an informed decision about whether to proceed with the project or not. The accuracy of a cost estimate, however, could be impacted by numerous variables. The …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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Towards a Geo-Classification of the Niger Delta for Highway Investment Costing Applications
Abstract: The study carries out a quasi-experimentation, as a basis of devising a spatial quantitative concept, delineating distinct geologic settings which would have differing cost implications for highway infrastructure development in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three broad conceptual geomorphic boundaries, for the categorisation of Niger Delta soils in engineering geologic costing application, were discerned within this conceptual lens. The study further statistically explores the synthesised geo-zonation for differences in …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 24–40 Read article
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Dynamic Cost Projection: Enhancing BIM-Integrated Estimation and Budgeting in Construction Projects
Abstract: In the realm of construction project management, the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with dynamic cost projection tools represents a pivotal advancement. This paper explores the synergy between BIM and cost estimation, emphasizing their collective potential to revolutionize project budgeting. By harnessing real-time data and predictive analytics, BIM facilitates accurate and proactive cost projections throughout the project lifecycle. This integration not only enhances cost estimation precision but also fosters …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–10 Read article