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231 articles for “routing techniques”
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Implementation of a 4-Bit Synchronous Counter in SkyWater 130 nm CMOS Technology Using Open-Source EDA Tools
Abstract: As semiconductor technology continues to scale down, the physical layout of integrated circuits has become increasingly critical in determining performance, power consumption, and area efficiency. This paper presents the complete physical design implementation of a 4-bit counter, from Register Transfer Level (RTL) to GDSII, using the SkyWater 130 nm open-source Process Design Kit (PDK) and the OpenLane automated physical design flow. Functional verification of the RTL design was initially performed …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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LEACH: INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR WSNs
Abstract: Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a protocol as energy efficient and hierarchical-based. Its applications WSNs is increasing day after day. Sensor networks have sensors with function of finding conditions to monitor environmental conditions like humidity, pressure etc. Wireless sensor networks are characterised by less power consumption, fast in handling node failures, isolation of nodes from one another. Sensor networks has wide application region monitoring, event tracking, fire detection, …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 11–15 Read article
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RP-HPLC Analytical Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Solid Oral Formulations
Abstract: RP-HPLC technique formulated for the numerical assessment of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in tablet formulation has been confirmed for reliability. A C18 column facilitated the chromatographic separation using a mobile phase comprising 60:40 (v/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer: meth anol mixture. Such method was used to detect, where the retained time was 6.78 minutes and Metoclo pramide Hydrochloride produced a clear peaked at 273 nm. Results were in agreement with ICH Q2 …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 07–15 Read article
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Geomorphological Change Analysis of Mahanadi Estuary and Hukitola Island of Odisha: A Geospatial Approach
Abstract: Hukitola Island is situated in the north of Mahanadi river delta system in Odisha which is protected by a barrier island. The study area is Mahanadi estuary in the Kendrapara district which situated 20°16ʹ18.443ʹʹN to 20°32ʹ22.094ʹʹN latitude and 86°35ʹ25.115ʹʹE to 86°49ʹ38.818ʹʹE longitude in Kujanga block of Jagatsinghpur district and Mahakalpada block of Kendrapara district and the Hukitola Island which is situated in the Mahakalpada block. The objective of the study …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 30–37 Read article
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Production of Injection Moulded Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites and Assessment of Hybridization’s Effect on Mechanical Properties
Abstract: Over the past two decades, rising environmental awareness, public concern over waste, and stricter government regulations have encouraged companies to reduce their reliance on petroleum-based fuels and products. Consequently, there is a clear need to find sustainable, eco-friendly substitutes for the materials currently in use. This shift has renewed attention on renewable resources and sparked wider interest in advanced composites and green materials research. With this in mind, the present …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 246–271 Read article
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Breathing for Brains: Yoga's Cognitive Transformation in College Students
Abstract: This study investigates the potential cognitive-enhancing effects of meditation and pranayama practices in young adults aged 18–25. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, with one group undergoing a two-month, meditation and pranayama intervention, while the other served as a control with no intervention. Various physiological parameters were assessed, including blood pressure, pulse rate, lung capacity, and oxygen levels. The intervention group practiced mindfulness, Om meditation, focus meditation, body scan meditation, …
Published in OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Paramedical Emergency Planning and Response System for Mysuru City using GIS Techniques
Abstract: This study is conducted to create a real-time application for paramedical emergency planning and response for Mysuru city. The transportation network of the city is plays a vital role for any emergency cases. It provides the connectivity and accessibility from one place to another place. The location of Hospitals , accident spots, traffic junctions, one way details were imported to geo-database and also road network map have used and fixed …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Biobased Composite Materials for Sustainability
Abstract: Due to increasing demand for sustainable materials in various industrial sectors has directed a significant interest in biobased composite materials. Biobased materials, derived from biological resources, offer a promising substitute as compared to conventional composites that rely greatly on fossil fuels. This paper explores the advanced applications of biobased composites across various sectors such as automotive, construction, packaging etc., emphasising their potential to reduce environmental impact while maintaining the standard …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 163–170 Read article
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Microbes: A General Review
Abstract: The exploration of microbes has been a vibrant field of study for over 250 years. Microbiology, in particular, has made significant strides in recent decades, enabling precise diagnosis and treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Today, infectious diseases continue to pose challenges for human health. To mitigate the risks of various infections, there is a growing emphasis on enhancing the production and utilization of antibiotics, which are synthesized from microbial sources. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 48–54 Read article
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Dynamic Traffic Control System with Emergency Vehicle Detection
Abstract: The project's goal is to create a density-based dynamic traffic light system in which the timing of the signal changes autonomously based on the density of traffic at any given junction. Traffic congestion is a major issue in most places around the globe, so it is time to transition from a more manual or set timer method to an automatic system with decision-making capabilities. The current traffic signaling system is …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Cyber-physical System Used in Fruit Harvesting
Abstract: Harvesting machines have recently crossed a large area in one of the technologies for a few workers who are expanding. Due to substantial developments in this sector, it is still unclear when picking robotics will be widely used in a controlled orchard of fruit trees. This technique analyses the network systems, sensory perception strategies, fruit detachment techniques, and terminal displays of the most advanced intelligence fruit picking machines in highlighting …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Robotics · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Microbial Safety of Dairy Products
Abstract: Microbial safety is paramount in the dairy industry to ensure the production of high-quality and safe dairy products for consumers. This review article explores the microbial pathogens associated with dairy products, including bacterial and fungal species such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mycotoxigenic molds, and yeast species. We delve into the primary routes of contamination, emphasizing sources such as raw milk, processing equipment, and cross-contamination during …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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GenChrome-ML: A Machine Learning Framework for Early Detection of Chromosomal Disorders Using Genomic Data
Abstract: The increasing burden of chronic disease and cancer demands innovative, more rapid and effective diagnostic tools in the field of healthcare. The majority of current diagnostic tools are dependent upon clinical symptomology and manual evaluation, leading to delays in early detection and treatment. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), in recent years, has offered opportunities for the enhancement of disease prediction, diagnosis and personalization of treatment …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Polymer-Mediated Electron Transfer in Eco-Friendly P3HT–rGO Nanocomposites for Optoelectronic Applications
Abstract: Conducting polymer–graphene hybrid nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials for next-generation optoelectronic applications owing to their solution processability, tunable interfacial properties, and mechanical flexibility. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of graphene–polymer hybrid systems in enhancing charge transport pathways, exciton dissociation efficiency, and interfacial stability in organic optoelectronic devices. Despite these advantages, a key challenge remains the efficient production of individual graphene sheets through the reduction of graphene oxide using …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 413–423 Read article
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A Study on Clinical Evaluation of Multi Intervention Therapy for Enhancing Quality of Life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Abstract: Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis often report a markedly impaired health-related quality of life, largely resulting from factors such as psychological distress, chronic inflammation, and poor nutritional status. Despite its importance as a clinical outcome, HRQOL assessment in dialysis patients has received limited attention. Strengthening comprehensive patient care and optimizing treatment strategies may help reduce complications and promote improved physical, mental, and social well-being. The present …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 69–81 Read article
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Implication of Reduced Order Modeling for Robust Stability Analysis of Interval Polynomial
Abstract: The main objective of the present work is to investigate the importance of model order reduction technique for the robust stability analysis of interval polynomial. Design of robust control for reduced order model is easier than that for higher order model. In this paper, simple approach is proposed to determine reduced order model of an unstable open-loop attitude control system. This approach is based on Krishnamurthy’s approach on Routh criterion …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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A Descriptive Study on Prevalence of Health Problems, their Treatment-Seeking Behavior and Preventive Measures among Selected Class C Employees of PGIMER, Chandigarh, 2015–2016
Abstract: Health is the state of wellbeing that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle. Thus, there should be awareness regarding prevalent diseases, common health problems and their treatment. Prevalence refers to the total number of individuals in a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific period of time, usually expressed as a percentage of the population. Treatment-seeking behaviour refers to "sequence of …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 40–56 Read article
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Development of PLLA-based Bio Inks Applicable in the Medical Field
Abstract: Some synthetic polymers, such as Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), are interesting to use in 3D bioprinting because they can have adaptable and resilient mechanical properties that also facilitate bioprinting processes. PLLA is a biocompatible polymer which makes it very interesting for medical applications, it is an aliphatic polyester obtained from α-hydroxy acids in different ways: ring-opening polymerization, and direct polycondensation. The use of one path over the other depends on …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 24, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Bitter Gourd Juice Vs Bottle Gourd Juice on Blood Sugar Level and Urine Sugar Level in Diabetes mellitus Patients in Selected Area of Nasrapur
Abstract: Worldwide number of diabetic patients is increasing. In India it is increased from 4 million in 1984 to 30 million in 1999. Indian population increased from 680 million to 1 billion in past 16 years; whereas diabetic patients increased more than seven fold. Every fifth diabetic in the world will be an Indian. It is estimated that by the end of 2025, India will be leading in diabetic patients. It …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 18–20 Read article
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Development and Characterization of Ondansetron containing Chewing Gum Formulations for Preventing Vomiting and Motion Sickness
Abstract: AbstractChewing gums are portable drug delivery devices that can deliver medications via the buccal route for either local or systemic absorption. Without water, it can be administered discretely. Antiemetic medication is combined with the gum base in medicated chewing gums, which are chewed rather than ingested. These formulations contain Ondansetron, Polyvinyl alcohol, Carboxymethyl agorase, Peppermint oil, Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), Calcium carbonate, Synthetic gum base, Propyl paraben, and Ascorbic acid. The …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 15–28 Read article