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129 articles for “Therapeutic design”
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Host-Pathogen Coevolution: Implications for Immune Evasion and Pathogen Fitness
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Biodegradable and Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Co-Delivery of Multiple Therapeutic Agents
Abstract: The co-delivery of multiple drugs using advanced nanocarriers has revolutionized targeted therapy in various diseases, particularly in cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. Multi-layered polymeric nanocarriers (MLPNs) offer a sophisticated platform to encapsulate multiple therapeutic agents with precise control over drug release, bioavailability, and synergistic effects. These nanocarriers are designed with distinct polymer layers that enable sequential or simultaneous drug release based on stimuli-responsive mechanisms such as pH, temperature, and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 406–419 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Next-Generation mRNA Vaccines: Applications Beyond COVID-19
Abstract: Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has become a paradigm shift in contemporary medicine and, with remarkable success in the COVID-19 pandemic, has opened the door to a new wave of vaccines development. In contrast to the traditional vaccine methods, mRNA vaccines are based on the synthetic genetic code that allows host cells to express target antigens, thus eliciting strong humoral and cellular immunity. The speed of development, efficacy, scalability of …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 15–26 Read article
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Nano-Therapeutics in Diabetes Mellitus: Revolutionizing Diagnosis, Treatment, and Drug Delivery
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose concentration remains high over an extended duration, resulting in significant lethal complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional diabetes management strategies, including insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents, rarely exhibit poor bioavailability, high doses, off target delivery, etc. Nanotechnology has brought the rise of diabetes treatment revolution, by overcoming the challenges present in standard treatment, owing to …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 08–19 Read article
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AI Application in the Creation of Medications for COPD
Abstract: The crippling lung condition known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is typified by a continuous restriction of airflow, which results in increased respiratory dysfunction and a reduced quality of life. The rising incidence of COPD worldwide emphasizes the pressing need for innovative pharmaceutical approaches to address the illness. Even though COPD care has advanced significantly, most current medications concentrate on symptom relief rather than disease change. This gap in …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 01–05 Read article
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AI-Powered Drug Delivery: Revolutionizing Formulation Science
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a groundbreaking tool in revolutionizing Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), offering promising advancements in precision, efficiency, and personalized treatment strategies. The integration of AI technologies into pharmaceutical research and development is transforming how drugs are formulated, delivered, and monitored in real time. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and data analytics, researchers can design drug delivery models that are not only more effective but also tailored …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 48–61 Read article
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pH-Triggered In-Situ Nasal Gel Systems for Migraine Therapy: A Review
Abstract: Intranasal drug delivery has gained considerable attention as a non-invasive route for delivering drugs to both systemic circulation and the central nervous system, particularly for the treatment of migraine. Traditional nasal formulations such as sprays and drops often show poor therapeutic performance due to rapid mucociliary clearance and limited retention within the nasal cavity. To overcome these challenges, in-situ gel systems have been designed, which transform from a liquid to …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Abstract: Recent advances in pharmaceutical dosage forms revolutionize drug delivery, prioritizing targeted therapy and patient well-being. Enhanced drug carriers address complex medical challenges, from high-grade gliomas to ocular drug delivery, maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Traditional dosage forms like tablets and capsules undergo meticulous formulation and manufacturing processes, integrating Quality by Design principles for consistent product quality. Liquid formulations encounter stability challenges, necessitating rigorous stability testing and pH monitoring. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 77–89 Read article
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Molecular Dynamics and Therapeutic Architectures of Cannabinoid Receptors: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Expanding on these foundations, recent structural biology studies using cryo-electron microscopy have provided high-resolution insights into the conformational dynamics of CB₁ and CB₂ receptors. These findings have enabled a more precise understanding of ligand–receptor interactions, particularly how agonists, antagonists, and reverse agonists stabilize distinct receptor states. Such knowledge is critical for rational drug design, allowing researchers to selectively modulate downstream signaling pathways. For instance, CB₁ receptors primarily couple to Gi/o …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–40 Read article
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Recent Developments in Structural Genomics: Uncovering Cellular Functions
Abstract: Structural genomics has become a groundbreaking field for understanding cellular functions by revealing the three-dimensional structures of proteins and other biomolecules. This field combines advanced methods like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, and computational modeling to explore the molecular structure and behavior of cellular components. Recent advances have significantly accelerated the pace of structure determination, bolstered by high-throughput methods and artificial intelligence tools like AlphaFold. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Artificial intelligence-integrated nanobiotechnology for precision medicine, smart diagnostics, and sustainable environmental applications
Abstract: Background: Nanobiotechnology integrates nanoscale materials with biological systems, enabling breakthroughs in drug delivery, biosensing, and environmental monitoring. However, the complexity of biological interactions and the vast parameter space of nano‑bio interfaces limit conventional design. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers powerful tools for modelling, predicting, and optimising these systems. Objective: This review provides a systematic, STM‑compliant overview of AI‑integrated nanobiotechnology across three domains: precision medicine (AI‑optimised nanocarriers, personalised therapeutics), smart diagnostics (AI‑powered …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Contribution of Dalak (Massage) in the Treatment of Waja-uz-Zohar (Back Pain): A Review
Abstract: Classical Unani literature presents a detailed understanding of Waja-ul-Mafasil (diseases of bones and joints) among which Waja-uz-Zohar (low back pain) has received extensive attention. Distinguished Unani physicians meticulously described its etiology, clinical features, complications, and treatment modalities. According to Unani theory Waja-uz-Zohar is defined as pain originating from the muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues surrounding the lumbar and lumbosacral regions. Prominent scholars, such as Ibn Sina and Zakariya Razi, attributed …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Polymer Chemistry in Shoulder Orthotics
Abstract: The design of effective shoulder orthotic devices has increasingly made use of polymeric materials because of their versatility, durability, and biocompatibility. This review illustrates polymer chemistry role in constructing an orthotic device for shoulder subluxation, which is a commonly occurring post stroke or injury condition. Proprietary design elements such as polypropylene are rigid yet moldable which help in anatomical formulating for joint stabilization. On the other hand, rubber elastomers, medicinal …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Evaluation – A Review
Abstract: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment. The clinical usefulness of many anticancer drugs is often restricted by toxicity, poor selectivity, and the emergence of drug resistance. These limitations have encouraged the search for novel heterocyclic compounds with improved therapeutic efficacy and safety. Among these, the 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffold has gained considerable attention because of its favorable physicochemical characteristics, metabolic stability, …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Harnessing Honeybee Venom For Cancer Treatment: A Natural Remedy In Oncology
Abstract: Honeybee venom (HBV) has harvested significant attention as a promising natural compound with therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. This review investigates deeply into the current scientific understanding of honeybee venom, focusing on its anticancer mechanisms, molecular interactions, and potential clinical applications. Honeybee venom comprises various bioactive components, including melittin, apamin, phospholipase A2, and other peptides, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Recent research has demonstrated its ability to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 10–14 Read article
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Heterocyclic Substituted Flavones: Bridging Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry
Abstract: Heterocyclic substituted flavones represent a unique and promising class of flavonoid derivatives, gaining significant attention in recent years due to their diverse and enhanced biological activities. These compounds are characterized by the incorporation of heterocyclic moieties such as quinoline, pyridine, thiazole, imidazole, oxazole, and pyrazole into the flavone structure, which significantly alters and often enhances their bioactive properties. This structural modification has made heterocyclic flavones particularly appealing as candidates for …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 23–30 Read article
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Comparative Study on Oro Dispersible Tablets of Candesartan Cilexetil Formulated with Natural and Synthetic Disintegrants
Abstract: Candesartan cilexetil, a BCS class II drug with low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability (15%), poses challenges for oral delivery. To address this limitation, the present study focuses on polymer-based inclusion complexation and composite formulation strategies to enhance solubility and dissolution behavior. The drug was incorporated into β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide polymer, by the kneading method in different drug-to-carrier ratios. Among these, the 1:1 molar ratio complex exhibited the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 687–695 Read article
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Biomedical Applications in Polymer Chemistry Innovations
Abstract: In recent years, polymers and composite materials have been extensively utilized in fabricating electro-mechanical devices for medical applications, including gum massagers for edentulous patients. These devices aid in oral tissue stimulation, improving circulation and overall gum health. This paper explores the application of polymer chemistry in the fabrication of a compact electro-mechanical gum massager designed for edentulous individuals. The device employs biocompatible elastomeric polymers that offer flexibility, durability, and controlled …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 861–868 Read article
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Preparation and Characterization of Clay-Based Hybrid Membranes for Antibacterial Biodegradable Polymer Wound Dressings
Abstract: Recent developments in the field of polymer chemistry have resulted into many new forms of Hybrid polymer. This has further revolutionized the application of polymer chemistry in numerous fields. In this research, we manufactured clay-based hybrid membrane by adding clay to the biodegradable matrix of chitosan polymer. It is widely known that microbial and pathogenic organisms are being responsible for wound hampering infections such as impetigo. They can spread in …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article