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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy Review Article

Contribution of Dalak (Massage) in the Treatment of Waja-uz-Zohar (Back Pain): A Review

  1. Shaikh Aqueel Department of Moalajat, Iqra Unani Medical College, Jalgaon
  2. Shaikh Ather Department of Moalajat (Medicine), ZVM Unani Medical College, Pune
  3. Mujeeb Pinjari Department of Tahaffuzi wa samaji tibb, Iqra Unani Medical College, Jalgaon

Abstract

Classical Unani literature presents a detailed understanding of Waja-ul-Mafasil (diseases of bones and joints) among which Waja-uz-Zohar (low back pain) has received extensive attention. Distinguished Unani physicians meticulously described its etiology, clinical features, complications, and treatment modalities. According to Unani theory Waja-uz-Zohar is defined as pain originating from the muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues surrounding the lumbar and lumbosacral regions. Prominent scholars, such as Ibn Sina and Zakariya Razi, attributed its development to Kham Balgham (immature phlegm) produced due to impaired metabolism during the hepatic (Hazm-e-Kabid) and vascular (Hazm-e-Urooqi) stages of digestion. The accumulation of these morbid humors in the lower back region leads to Buroodat (coldness), rigidity and subsequent pain. Massage is one of the oldest healing practices known to humankind it has traditionally played preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative roles in maintaining health. In the Unani system massage is referred to as Dalak – a key component of Ilaj-bit-Tadbeer (regimental therapy) designed to harmonize the Akhlaat (humors), regulate Hararat Ghariziya (innate heat) and restore Mizaj (temperament). The beneficial effects of Dalak arise through rhythmic manipulation of soft tissues usually with the aid of medicated oils (Roghanat), which improve circulation, ease muscular tension, eliminate morbid matter, and strengthen musculoskeletal integrity. Contemporary scientific research corroborates these traditional concepts, demonstrating that massage enhances blood flow, reduces muscle tightness, and modulates pain through neurophysiological mechanisms. The Unani approach through Dalak thus provides a holistic, individualized framework for managing Waja-uz-Zohar addressing both the somatic and psychosomatic aspects of the condition. This review seeks to analyze the classical foundations, pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic significance of Dalak in treating Waja-uz-Zohar, emphasizing its continued relevance and integration potential within modern pain management practices.

Keywords

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