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156 articles for “early diagnosis and treatment”
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Predictive Modeling System for Automated Skin Lesion Classification Using Deep Neural Networks and Voting Ensembles
Abstract: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for timely treatment and improved prognosis. This study presents a predictive modeling system for automated classification of skin lesions from dermoscopic images using deep neural networks and voting ensemble techniques. A customized 16-layer convolutional neural network architecture is developed for feature learning from lesion images. The concept of horizontal voting ensemble is implemented by …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 29–35 Read article
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Refining Retinal Layer Segmentation in OCT Imaging with Advanced Techniques and Clinical Applications
Abstract: Segmenting retinal layers from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) pictures entails locating and separating different retinal layers to offer comprehensive anatomical and pathological information. Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are among the retinal illnesses for which this procedure is crucial for diagnosis and follow-up. By utilizing preprocessing techniques to improve image quality and applying advanced algorithms—such as intensity-based, gradient-based, and texture-based methods—alongside deep learning approaches, clinicians can accurately measure …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 01–06 Read article
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A Systematic Review on Leukemia Detection and Classification Techniques Using Gene Expression
Abstract: Early diagnosis of genetic diseases is crucial for effective treatment, especially in the case of Leukemia, a type of blood cancer characterized by abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. This paper presents a systematic review of recent computational techniques for the detection and classification of Leukemia using gene expression data obtained from DNA microarray analysis. The study explores diverse methodologies including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and bio-inspired algorithms …
Published in International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: An Overview
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) means when the body makes too many immature blood cells. These cells, called myeloid blasts, can't mature into normal white blood cells. In India, Cancer is the leading cause of mortality among children aged 5 to 14, with roughly 45,000 youngsters diagnosed each year. About 20% of children with leukaemia have this type of cancer. AML develops and gets worse quickly, so early diagnosis is important. …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Detection of Breast Cancer with Python
Abstract: Global cancer data confirms more than 2 million women diagnosed with breast cancer each year reflecting majority of new cancer cases and related deaths, making it significant public health concern. But fortunately, it is also the curable cancer in its early stage. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with timely and effective treatment services improves the prognosis and survival of patients. During classifying tumors, there are significant chances of error and …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Statistics · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 5–22 Read article
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia_A Evidence-Based Literature Review
Abstract: Iron deficiency anaemia represents a medical condition characterised by a reduction in the concentration of haemoglobin in the bloodstream below a defined level, according to the World Health Organization. The condition presents itself in two forms: functional IDA and absolute IDA. The former is characterized by normal or elevated total body iron stores, but insufficient iron supply to the bone marrow. At the same time, the latter occurs when total …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 17–28 Read article
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Revolutionizing Blood Cancer Treatment: Emerging Therapies and Future Perspectives
Abstract: Blood cancer inclusive of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma poses a significant threat in the world today because of its multifactorial process and its non-amenable to standard therapies. Some of such approaches are immunotherapy, gene-editing technology and targeted small molecule inhibitors that have altered the nature of treatments. CAR T cell therapy is a molecular targeted therapy for cancers and several clinical studies have reported a huge success. Also, the …
Published in International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Uncontrolled Cell Growth and Human Health: A Comprehensive Exploration of Cancer
Abstract: Cancer is a diverse category of diseases defined by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of aberrant cells. It remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This article presents an overview of the various forms of cancer, such as carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukaemia, emphasising their distinct causes, symptoms, and risks. Early detection and diagnosis are emphasized as key to enhancing treatment outcomes. The article further provides an in-depth …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–23 Read article
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Management of Compound Odontome: A Case Report
Abstract: Odontomes are developmental anomalies of the dental tissues and may interfere with the eruption of the associated tooth. Since, these lesions are asymptomatic; they are usually detected in routine radiographic investigations. They can be thought of as “tooth hamartomas” with the lesion consisting of various tooth components. Early diagnosis, prompt clinical decision making followed by a proper treatment at the right time, results in a favourable prognosis. The present report …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 13–16 Read article
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Retinal Disease Detection Using Deep CNN
Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the three main causes of blindness in the globe. To avoid visual loss, early identification and treatment of these disorders are essential. The goal of this research is to create an automated method for detecting retinal diseases by analyzing retinal fundus pictures with machine learning techniques. Python and the Tkinter package for the graphical user interface are used in the construction of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 46–50 Read article
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Pyogenic-Cerebral (Brain) Abscess
Abstract: Abscesses in the brain have been one of the most challenging wounds, both for surgeons and trainees. It is a packet full of pus of infected material in the part of the brain. It is an important neurological disease and can produce deadly diseases. Since the beginning of the era of computed tomography (CT), the diagnosis and treatment of these organizations has become simpler and less invasive. The results have …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 33–46 Read article
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Amplification and in silico Study of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum LDH Gene
Abstract: Several arsenal as well as quinolone drugs are available for treatment of malaria; still it remains a worldwide public health problem. Malarial parasite quickly develops resistance under selective drug pressure. Hence, we require an array of new drugs for malaria treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an essential enzyme for Plasmodia as they lack functional Krebs cycle in some stages of their lifecycle and thereby prove to be good targets for …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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White Eye Orbital Blowout Fracture, A Case Report
Abstract: The "white eye" blowout orbital fracture is an easily missed injury in oral and maxillofacial trauma due to its discret clinical and radiographic presentation. The elastic nature of bone in paediatrics makes it the most commonly encountered type of orbital fracture in these patients. The consequences of delayed diagnosis and treatment might include severe illness. Therefore, it should be early recognized to ensure optimal treatment and favourable outcomes. The authors …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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A Descriptive Study on Cervical Cancer Screening Methods
Abstract: Cervical cancer continues to pose a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to preventive services is often limited. This review presents an overview of the disease, covering its global burden, underlying causes, available screening approaches, treatment options, and preventive measures. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely recognized as the main cause of cervical cancer, with certain strains contributing more …
Published in International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 37–42 Read article
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Ovarian Cancer: Understanding Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Advances in Treatment
Abstract: Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to its subtle early symptoms. Ovarian cancer develops due to a combination of factors, including genetics, environmental influences, and hormonal changes. This article explores the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer, highlighting the genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, that contribute to its development. It also discusses current diagnostic methods, including imaging techniques …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Comprehensive Guide
Abstract: Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is an uncommon genetic disorder inherited through the X chromosome, marked by a combination of immune system deficiencies, eczema, and low platelet counts. This syndrome primarily affects males, leading to significant morbidity and mortality due to recurrent infections, bleeding complications, and autoimmune diseases. Mutations in the WAS gene disrupt the production of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp), crucial for the functioning of immune cells and platelet formation. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 39–46 Read article
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Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: Prevalence of Bacteria and their Antibiogram in Tertiary Care Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, India
Abstract: Background: Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving procedure, but it is associated with a high risk of acquiring respiratory infections. Hence to prevent it and initiate empirical antimicrobial therapy, knowledge of microbial profile and their local antimicrobial sensitivity pattern are essential. The study aimed to investigate the role of endotracheal aspirate (ETA) surveillance cultures in identifying the aetiology of VAP earlier. Methods: A prospective study was carried out over a period …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 30–34 Read article
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Nano-Enhanced Biosensors: Bridging the Gap in Early Disease Detection and Diagnosis
Abstract: This article provides an in-depth examination of nano-enhanced biosensors, a groundbreaking technology that combines nanotechnology and biosensing techniques to transform disease detection and diagnosis. These advanced sensors boast exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response times, enabling early detection and treatment of various medical conditions. The article covers the fundamental principles, current applications, and prospects of nano-enhanced biosensors in multiple medical domains, including recent research, experimental investigations, and case studies. It …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–17 Read article
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Enhancing Cancer Diagnosis: AI/ML Algorithms and Nanotechnology-Based Biosensors for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, and enhancing patient outcomes requires early identification. This study explores the potential of nanotechnology- enhanced biosensors and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms to revolutionize colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Nanotechnology offers unique opportunities for the development of highly sensitive and specific biosensors capable of detecting cancer biomarkers at an early stage. By incorporating nanomaterials with exceptional optical, …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 16–28 Read article
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Detection and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning Techniques
Abstract: This project delves into the evaluation of three prominent deep learning architectures Basic CNN, ResNet, and DenseNet for their efficacy in detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal images. Utilizing a diverse dataset, the study employs standard deep learning frameworks to train and validate each model. The focus extends to exploring the potential benefits of transfer learning on a limited dataset. Evaluation metrics like specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy are employed for a …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 64–69 Read article