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551 articles for “molecules”
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Nano-Chemical Revolution in Vaccinology: A Study
Abstract: The development of traditional vaccines, reliant on attenuated pathogens or purified proteins, has historically been limited by slow development timelines, poor stability, and low immunogenicity requiring potent, often non-specific, adjuvants. This synthesis argues that the convergence of nano-material science and meticulous chemical engineering represents the next major paradigm shift in preventative medicine. Nano-materials, particularly Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) and various polymeric or inorganic scaffolds, have transitioned from theoretical constructs to essential …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Autoimmune Disorders: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract: A diverse range of illnesses known as autoimmune disorders are typified by dysregulated immune responses against self-antigens, which result in tissue damage and persistent inflammation. Understanding the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental variables that contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis has advanced significantly during the last ten years. Current disease models have been transformed by new understandings of immunological tolerance mechanisms such as the functions of regulatory T cells, cytokine networks, and the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–25 Read article
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Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Complexes Tin(II) With 4-Nitrophenol
Abstract: Tin(II)4-nitrophenoxide complexes with the formulas SnCl(OC₆H₄NO₂-4) and Sn(OC₆H₄NO₂-4)₂ were prepared through the reaction of stannous chloride (SnCl₂) with 4-nitrophenol (HOC₆H₄NO₂-4) in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, respectively. The reaction was performed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with diethylamine serving as the base. The resulting compounds were characterized through elemental analysis, determination of molecular weight, molar conductance measurements, and spectroscopic methods including IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Current investigations are directed toward assessing …
Published in International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–26 Read article
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A Systematic Review on Factors Contributing to Infertility
Abstract: Infertility is a multifactorial reproductive health condition affecting approximately 10–15% of couples worldwide and continues to represent a major clinical and social challenge. Despite substantial advances in assisted reproductive technologies, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic interventions, many couples still face difficulties in achieving pregnancy. The impact of infertility extends beyond physical health, often leading to emotional distress, social pressure, and financial burdens, especially in societies where parenthood is highly valued. Consequently, …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–35 Read article
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Bioenhancer to Boost Herbal Drug Efficacy
Abstract: Bioenhancers are natural substances that significantly improve the absorption, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of drugs when co-administered, without showing notable pharmacological activity of their own. In herbal medicine, the concept of bioenhancement has received growing attention as many phytoconstituents exhibit low oral bioavailability due to poor solubility, limited permeability, and extensive first-pass metabolism. The traditional Ayurvedic system first introduced this concept through the discovery of Piperine, the active alkaloid from …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Production and optimization of amylase enzyme using bacillus subtilis under solid state fermentation and its characterization
Abstract: This study employed solid state fermentation to maximize amylase production by Bacillus subtilis (OR578403). The research began by discovering and analyzing amylase-producing bacteria in soil samples followed with biochemical, molecular characterization. By using commercially available substrates like wheat bran, rice bran, and wheat rava were obtained from the local market and employed as solid substrates, which may influence amylase production and to be assessed. The identified organism was Bacillus subtilis, …
Published in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Design and Synthesis of Functionalized Copolymers for Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility in Polymer Matrix Composites
Abstract: Interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix reinforcing phase affects significantly the mechanical and thermal behavior of polymer composites. The study reports on the design and synthesis of functionalized copolymers in the efforts to establish interfacial compatibility based on chemical design. The reinforcements were functionalized doping polar functional groups such as glycidyl methacrylate and maleic anhydride during free-radical copolymerization to form copolymerizing reactive sites that interacted with the reinforcement surfaces. Confirmation …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1404–1418 Read article
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Experimental and Simulation Study on Reduction Kinetics of Magnetite Ore by using Hydrogen
Abstract: In the present work, magnetite ore fines pellets were prepared for a study of reduction kinetics using hydrogen gas. In the present work, various parameters are investigated to assess their influence on reduction kinetics with respect to hydrogen utilisation. The different input variables influence the process, yielding the reduction fraction. The effect of temperature on reduction kinetics with hydrogen flow rate was explored for the optimum value of these parameters. …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Looking into new ideas in green chemistry
Abstract: Green chemistry has become a revolutionary way to change chemical processes such that they have less of an effect on the environment while still being efficient and cost-effective. This article looks at new developments in green chemistry that go beyond small changes and offer completely new ways to build chemicals that are good for the environment. There is a lot of focus on innovative catalytic systems, sustainable feedstocks, reaction pathways …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 10–18 Read article
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Microvita as a Fermi-Boson Hybrid Quantum Excitation: A Statistical Pathway Toward Unified Physics, Chemistry, and Biological Organization
Abstract: This article reformulates Microvita as a hybrid quantum excitation that interpolates continuously between fermionic and bosonic statistical behavior. A generalized operator algebra, a dynamical statistical order parameter, and a Lorentz-covariant field equation are used to frame Microvita as an effective unification scheme rather than a mere philosophical construct. The formalism predicts renormalization-group flow between infrared fermionic and ultraviolet bosonic limits, while numerical profiles suggest vacuum-energy smoothing and topological-defect suppression in …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 115–122 Read article
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A study on Bridging Chemical Transformation and Climate Feedbacks in the Earth System
Abstract: The atmosphere operates as a vast and complex chemical reactor, where minute-scale transformations exert profound influence on planetary-scale climate stability. This research investigates the multi-scale coupling between reactive tropospheric chemistry and large-scale climate feedbacks, challenging traditional modeling approaches that often divorce chemical kinetics from dynamic processes. By integrating high-resolution chemical transport models (CTMs) with comprehensive Earth System Models (ESMs), we map the flow of energy and matter from the molecular …
Published in International Journal of Climate Conditions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Vitamin D Mitigates Inflammation and Downregulates Importin α3 in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Abstract: Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, seem to play a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD as they activate the transcription factor NF-кB. The activated NF-кBp50/RelA subunits are translocated to the nucleus by Importin α3 and Importin α4. Numerous studies have indicated a negative association between NAFLD and vitamin D levels. Low vitamin D levels have been correlated with histological severity, necro-inflammation, and fibrosis in …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–16 Read article
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Recent Advancements in Nanobiocomposite-Based Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration
Abstract: Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling, and other highly coordinated cellular and molecular activities are all part of the complex biological processes of wound healing and tissue regeneration. Following an injury, these stages cooperate to restore tissue integrity and function. However, this normal process is disturbed in many clinical circumstances, especially chronic wounds such diabetic ulcers, burns, and pressure sores. Prolonged inflammation, chronic microbial infection, diminished angiogenesis, and impaired extracellular matrix production …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 297–318 Read article
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Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Malabar Tamarind, and Indian Wild Lime
Abstract: Pectin is a versatile heteropolysaccharide that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries because of its gelling, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. This review discusses the extraction of pectin from agro-waste peels of Malabar tamarind (Garcinia cambogia) and Indian wild lime (Citrus indica) using conventional acid hydrolysis under optimized conditions: pH 1.5–2.0, 85–90°C, and 90 minutes. The process resulted in 22.5% and 27.8% pectin yields, respectively, verified through …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 472–478 Read article
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Polymeric Micelles for Medicinal Plant Solubilization and Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Abstract: This study involved the design, fabrication, and characterization of polymeric micellar nanocomposites utilizing amphiphilic block copolymers to effectively encapsulate and transport hydrophobic phytoconstituents. The selected bioactive molecule is curcumin, a polyphenol with limited water solubility. A polymeric system known as PEG-PCL was utilized to fabricate core-shell nanostructures by a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited homogeneity and colloidal stability, characterized by a zeta potential of −18.7 ± 1.4 …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 208–219 Read article
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Experimental and Process Optimization Study on Thermal Stress Reduction in TiC–Steel Brazed Joints Using Polymer-Derived Composite Interlayers
Abstract: In this, an experimental investigation aimed at reducing crack formation due to thermal stress in TiC-steel brazed joints through optimization of key process parameters is presented. The primary objective was to develop an integrated and reliable brazing strategy by examining the effects of filler material selection, brazing gap, cooling conditions and type of flux. In this study, polymer-derived composite interlayers were developed through controlled synthesis and nanocomposite engineering to mitigate …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 524–540 Read article
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Machine Learning in Nuclear Medical Applications: A Review of Research Frontiers
Abstract: Nuclear medicine, encompassing PET, SPECT, and targeted radionuclide therapy, generates high-dimensional, quantitative data uniquely suited for machine learning (ML) analysis. This review synthesizes current research applications of ML across six key domains. Positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and targeted radionuclide therapy are examples of nuclear medicine modalities that generate high- dimensional, quantitative datasets that are particularly well-suited for machine learning (ML)-driven analysis. These imaging methods provide …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 19–24 Read article
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Polymer Composite-Assisted Crystal Engineering for Drug Synthesis and Property Control through Solid Solutions and Co-Crystals
Abstract: The long-standing problem of low aqueous solubility, which affects about 90% of all new drug molecules under development, requires an immediate need for alternative approaches apart from the usual practice of crystallization. Polymer-composite-assisted crystal engineering is a novel technique for overcoming the aforementioned problem. This involves the addition of accepted pharmaceutical polymers, such as HPMC, PVP, PEG, and Eudragit copolymers in a single process, which can promote nucleation, stabilize the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 172–189 Read article
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Study of Electrically Conductive Polymer for Antistatic and Sensor Application
Abstract: Electrically conductive polymers (ECPs) are a unique category of smart materials that integrate the mechanical flexibility and ease of processing characteristic of conventional polymers with the electrical conductivity typically associated with metals or semiconductors. In recent years, they have attracted considerable interest due to their promising potential in advanced technological applications, especially in antistatic coatings and electronic sensing devices. The unique ability of these polymers to conduct electricity arises from …
Published in International Journal of Minerals · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 46–51 Read article
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Data-Driven Digital Twin Model for Real-Time Strength Estimation in Polymeric Materials
Abstract: The real-time prediction of mechanical properties in polymeric materials is essential for ensuring quality, consistency, and operational efficiency in modern manufacturing systems. As industrial processes become increasingly complex, traditional trial-and-error approaches to material characterization are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of high-throughput production environments. This study introduces a digital twin-integrated machine learning approach for the real-time estimation of tensile strength in polymeric materials by combining simulation-driven insights with …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 246–257 Read article