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741 articles for “STEP”
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Investigation of Groundwater Contamination Due to Heavy Metals for Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Punjab State, India
Abstract: Punjab, an intensive agricultural state, is currently experiencing a problem because of elevated levels of heavy metals and uranium (U) in its groundwater. It is commonly known that the groundwater in every district in Punjab's Malwa region has anomalous levels of uranium, with a U content that exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) safe limit of 30 parts per billion. There have been reports of arsenic (As) in the Majha …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 20–29 Read article
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Integrated Qualitative Response Assessment System
Abstract: Examinations for universities and yearboards are traditionally administered offline, with a significant number of students opting for subjective exams. This preference stems from the labor-intensive nature of evaluating subjective responses, which requires considerable time and effort from educators. Additionally, subjective grading can be influenced by the evaluator’s mood, leading to inconsistencies. In contrast, multiple-choice and objective questions are prevalent in entrance and competitive exams due to their ease of automated …
Published in Journal of Multimedia Technology & Recent Advancements · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Simulation of Adder Circuit Using Reversible Gates in Verilog HDL
Abstract: The emerging field of quantum computing uses quantum logic gates. The reversibility of logic gates is an important aspect of quantum logic gates used in VLSI and quantum computing. Reversibility ensures that power consumption is minimized. This study explores the field of reversible logic and utilizes Peres gate to develop a full adder circuit that shows a significant reduction in power consumption in simulations performed in Xilinx Vivado. We have …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 32–38 Read article
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Enhancing Robot Autonomy: Integrating AI for Advanced Decision-making in Autonomous Robotic Systems
Abstract: The capabilities of autonomous robotic systems have been drastically changed by the rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In this work, we investigate the integration of AI approaches to improve robot autonomy by presenting even more advanced mechanisms for decision-making. Almost all traditional robotic systems involve predefined algorithms, making them unable to cope with dynamic environments. They can also help with learning based on machine learning and deep learning …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Robotics · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 28–37 Read article
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Securix: An Open-Source Security-based Linux Distribution for Novice Cyber Security Enthusiasts
Abstract: In the ever-evolving field of cybersecurity, the need for accessible and user-friendly tools in favor of beginner users has never been greater. The existing ethical hacking-related operating systems, while powerful, often overwhelm beginners with their complexity. The main objective of this project is to bridge the gap by providing an operating system for novice cyber enthusiasts looking to explore the world of ethical hacking and security. The proposed operating system …
Published in Journal of Open Source Developments · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Bharat Charge Alliance: key to India’s Electric Vehicle Transition
Abstract: The Bharat Charge Alliance (BCA) is an inclusive platform dedicated to creating a safer and more interconnected environment for India's Light Electric Vehicle (EV) industry. The BCA's main goal is to create a reliable and interoperable charging network throughout India, involving essential stakeholders like electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers, charging station and component producers, battery and energy suppliers, and charge point operators. This initiative, spearheaded by Kapil Shelke, Founder & CEO …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 Read article
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Risk Assessment of Nitration Process Using HAZOP and Fault Tree
Abstract: The present study addresses the safety issues associated with the nitration reactions. Since the nitration reaction is highly exothermic in nature exhibiting intense heat during the operation and may explode if wrongly handled, the risk assessment of nitration reaction is absolutely necessary. In the present work, the production of Ortho Nitro Chloro Benzene (ONCB) and Para Nitro Chloro Benzene (PNCB) is considered to perform the risk assessment of the nitration …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 18–23 Read article
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AI-Driven Exam Evaluation Systems: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Directions
Abstract: A proposed AI system is used to grade exams automatically. It addresses inefficiencies in human assessment. A GPT model trained on graded replies is used for evaluation, and TrOCR is used for precise handwritten text recognition. Efficiency and less bias are provided by this method, although there are still issues. More work is needed to assess open-ended questions and make sure they are understandable. To automate many aspects of exam …
Published in International Journal of Electronics Automation · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 7–13 Read article
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Toward Comprehensive Immunization: The Role of Combined COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines in Public Health
Abstract: The emergence of multi-pathogen vaccines, particularly those combining protection against COVID- 19 and influenza, marks a significant advancement in immunization efforts. These combination vaccines have the potential to streamline vaccination processes, improve vaccine uptake, and reduce the burden on healthcare systems by offering a single dose that targets both viruses. COVID-19 and seasonal influenza are major public health concerns, with overlapping symptoms and seasonal patterns that justify the rationale for …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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Exploring Potential Phytochemicals for Myasthenia Gravis Treatment: A Molecular Docking and ADME Analysis Approach
Abstract: Objective: Muscle feebleness and exhaustion derived from a disruption in neuromuscular transference are hallmarks of the crippling autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (MG). The drawbacks of the current MG therapy options are frequently partial efficacy and adverse effects. To investigate the potential of phytochemicals in MG control, in this work we integrated molecular docking with ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analysis using a computer method. We identified molecules exhibiting favorable …
Published in International Journal of Molecular Biotechnological Research · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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AI Enhanced E-Voting System Securing Elections with Face Recognition and OTP Authentication in India
Abstract: The E-Voting domain seeks to leverage technology to address these issues, enabling citizens to vote securely and conveniently while maintaining the transparency of the electoral process. Machine learning algorithms like Haar cascade and CNN will enhance the system's security, accuracy, and efficiency by leveraging data- driven approaches. Conventional voting techniques frequently encounter obstacles including identity theft, convoluted processes, and hold-ups in the processing of results. This article suggests a complex …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 21–30 Read article
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Synthesis of Biofuel from Castor Oil Using Novel Catalysts
Abstract: An essential step in improving biofuels, especially those made from biomass, is hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). HDO's primary goal is to eliminate oxygen atoms from the biofuel feedstock in the form of water, which enhances the fuel's energy density, stability, and compatibility with current fuel.This study uses a large surface area catalyst to investigate the hydrodeoxygenation (HDOx) activity of non-edible oils. In addition to other supports including H-USY and MCM-41, large surface …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 4, 2024 · pp. 226–237 Read article
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Synthesis of Magnetically Recoverable Nickel (II) Complex-Functionalized Fe3O4@ISNA (ISNA= Isonicotinic acid) Nanomaterials: Catalytic Studies on Nitrophenol Reduction and TD- DFT Studies
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to develop a novel, environmentally sustainable, and magnetically separable heterogeneous nanocatalyst, denoted as Fe3O4@ISNA@NiL (where L represents the ligand). The synthesis involved a two-step process, first, isonicotinic acid was chemically grafted onto the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) to introduce functional groups capable of further chemical modification. Subsequently, a nickel(II) Schiff base monomeric complex was anchored onto the modified surface, resulting in a nanocatalyst …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 88–96 Read article
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Biochemical Estimation of Allaxon Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats Treated with Polyherbal Preparation of Two of Indian Medicinal Plants Cordia Myxa and Canscora Diffusa
Abstract: A systematic study was conducted on extracts of Cordia myxa and Canscora diffusa to evaluate their qualitative chemical composition, phytochemical content, and antidiabetic activity. Then the Poly herbal extract is prepared with the selected plant powders, subjected to acute-toxicity studies for dose fixation. The herbal extracts formulation was prepared taking three selected dosages. The preparations are evaluated for anti-diabetic activity using Steptozotocine and Alloxan induced diabetic models in rats. The …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 52–60 Read article
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Design of Disturbance Observer for Third- Order Interval Plants
Abstract: This paper outlines the development of a disturbance observer (DOB) specifically tailored for third-order interval plants, which are distinguished by uncertainties in their parameters. Utilizing an interval-based modeling approach, this design effectively captures variations in system dynamics, providing robust control solutions for plants with parameter uncertainties. The key focus is creating a disturbance observer capable of real-time estimation and compensation for external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed DOB is …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 Read article
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Synthesis of Magnetically Recoverable Nickel (II) Complex-Functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @ISNA (ISNA= Isonicotinic acid) Nanomaterials: Catalytic Studies on Nitrophenol Reduction and TD- DFT Studies
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to develop a novel, environmentally sustainable, and magnetically separable heterogeneous nanocatalyst, denoted as Fe 3 O 4 @ISNA@NiL (where L represents the ligand). The synthesis involved a two-step process, first, isonicotinic acid was chemically grafted onto the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) to introduce functional groups capable of further chemical modification. Subsequently, a nickel(II) Schiff base monomeric complex was anchored …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites Read article
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Assessing the Impact of a Structured Educational Initiative on Awareness of Vaginitis and Its Prevention Among Adolescent Girls in Selected Higher Secondary Schools in Bengaluru
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Vaginal inflammation, referred to as vaginitis, may culminate in discharge, itching, and pain. Usually, the root cause is an infection or an altered in the balance of the microbes in the vagina. In females between the ages of two and six, poor perineal hygiene—such as wiping after bowel movements from back to front or not washing hands afterward—is an important contributory factor. Another typical sign is frequent …
Published in International Journal of Midwifery Nursing And Practices · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–21 Read article
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Implementing Blockchain to Enhance Security in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Combat Drug Counterfeiting
Abstract: Drug counterfeiting has emerged as a critical threat to public health, as it has enabled inferior and counterfeit drugs to flood many markets around the world thereby eroding trust in healthcare systems and patient safety. This paper seeks to address the glaring need for adequate security safeguards to curb the circulation of counterfeit drugs by proposing a blockchain model designed specifically for the pharmaceutical industries. In general, the idea of …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 33–46 Read article
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Research on Synchronous Generators AC Excitation Regulation Control System
Abstract: Based on various methods to supply excitation power to the synchronous generator it is categorized in three different types of excitation systems for synchronous motor. The first one is DC excitation system, second is AC excitation system and third one is static excitation system. The increasing size of contemporary power systems ensures system dependability and stability. A better supply of power is vital and has a big influence on improving …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power and Machine Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–16 Read article
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Advancing IoT Connectivity through Very Large-Scale Integration of Semiconductor Technology
Abstract: The term "integrated circuit" as it is currently used typically refers to a monolithic IC, which is significantly different from an HIC in that the former is created by joining several components on a substrate, while the latter is created in a sequence of steps using a single wafer that is subsequently divided into chips. Hybrid chips are perfect for complicated applications in sectors like artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 54–63 Read article