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1363 articles for “Pre-clinical”
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White Eye Orbital Blowout Fracture, A Case Report
Abstract: The "white eye" blowout orbital fracture is an easily missed injury in oral and maxillofacial trauma due to its discret clinical and radiographic presentation. The elastic nature of bone in paediatrics makes it the most commonly encountered type of orbital fracture in these patients. The consequences of delayed diagnosis and treatment might include severe illness. Therefore, it should be early recognized to ensure optimal treatment and favourable outcomes. The authors …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Neurological Manifestations of the West Nile Virus Infection: Case Report
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV)is a positive-stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae. Patients with WNV infection present with three clinical syndromes which are neurological disease, fever/arthralgia/rash, and viral hemorrhagic fever. The most common neurologic symptoms include headache, altered level of consciousness, and focal weakness. In this study, authors report an unusual neurological manifestation of WNV and they intend to raise awareness of the large neurological spectrum of WNV infection. Keywords: …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 13–16 Read article
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BVM: A Promising Agent for Future HIV-1 Treatment
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} More than 20 individual and fixed-dose combinations of anti-HIV drugs are available for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, owing to the development of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2011 · pp. 11–21 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Verapamil Solid Dispersion Tablets for Solubility Enhancement
Abstract: This study was mainly designed to solve the drawbacks of conventional verapamil solid dosage form, low bioavailability and limited clinical efficacy, by preparing solid dispersion. Verapamil solid dispersion was developed by kneading method, melt solvent method and co-precipitation method to modify the release and enhance solubility of the drug. The physical state of the dispersed verapamil in the polymer matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 39–54 Read article
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Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.): A Comprehensive Classical Review w.s.r. to Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract: Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is one of the best life sustainer drugs described in classical literature of Ayurveda. It is considered as best Naimittika rasayana drug for the management of diabetes mellitus/Prameha. Due to its multiple health benefits, it is one of the best drugs of rejuvenation. The fruit is rich in quercetin, phyllaemblic compounds, gallic acid, tannins, flavonoids, pectin and vitamin C and also contains various polyphenolic compounds. Recent …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 4–10 Read article
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Synthetic Mesh with Fascial Overlay Grafting for Repair of Umbilical Hernia in an Ongole Calf
Abstract: AbstractAn 8-month-old ongole male calf presented to the clinics with a swelling at the umbilicus was diagnosed to have incisional umbilical hernia. Hernioplasty was performed under light plane of anesthesia using a nylon mesh with fascial overlay and observed no further recurrence of the condition. The clinical signs, surgical procedure and outcome of the case were discussed.Keywords: Umbilical hernia, hernioplasty, fascial overlay, hernial ringCite this ArticleRavi Kumar P, Vidya Sagar …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 9–11 Read article
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Abscess on Right Thoracic Wall Due to Traumatic Reticulitis in a Buffalo
Abstract: 3 year old heifer was presented to the clinic with repeated fever, anorexia and emaciation. Examination of buffalo revealed fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, ruminal atony with bloat and hot, pain full abscess on right thoracic wall. Haematology revealed erythrocytopenia, leucocytosis with more number of band cells. Buffalo was treated with inj. strepto penicillin along with supportive therapy and external application of iodex ointment over the abscess. After completion of five days …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 24–26 Read article
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Regulatory Requirement for Supergenerics in Saudi Arabia, Brazil and Malaysia
Abstract: Supergeneric is the general form of nomenclature for value-added generics globally, which is coined suitably in different regulatory authorities. The supergeneric form of the medicinal product is one that considers changes, which may not be limited to, form of active substance, therapeutic indications, strength, pharmaceutical form or route of administration. They rely partly of results of preclinical tests and clinical trials of an innovator product and also on new data …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 38–45 Read article
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Marketing Authorization Procedure and Their Requirements for Pharmaceutical Products in European Union
Abstract: Developing a new drug requires a great amount of research works in chemistry, manufacturing, controls, preclinical science and clinical trials. European Union (EU) is a hub of political and economic union of 28 member states (MS) and extensive amount of effort was spent by the EU Commission, the EU parliament, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) and the national authorities in updating the EU regulatory environment for pharmaceuticals and granting marketing …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Pharmacology in Clinical and Therapeutic Settings
Abstract: Polypharmacy, which refers to the practice of taking many medications at the same time, is becoming more common among elderly populations as a result of the steadily increasing prevalence of chronic conditions. The clinical and therapeutic consequences of polypharmacy are investigated in this paper, with a particular emphasis placed on drug-drug interactions, altered pharmacokinetics, and patient safety. The physiological changes that occur with advancing age have a substantial impact on …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 51–58 Read article
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A Lightweight Cost-Sensitive Explainable Ensemble Framework for Early Heart Disease Risk Prediction
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is still one of the leading causes of death, and hence, the early prediction of risk is a very important task in preventive medicine. Although recent studies have shown encouraging results in the application of machine learning algorithms to the prediction of heart disease, it has been noticed that most of the algorithms are more concerned with accuracy-driven optimization than the concerns of safety and false negatives. In …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 26–40 Read article
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First trimester neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in pregnancy associated with preeclampsia patients in India: A brief review.
Abstract: Background: Pre-eclampsia is a complicated syndrome that starts very early in pregnancy and has a known pathogenesis. However, the second or third trimester is when its clinical symptoms first manifest. Preeclampsia and NLR are related, according to the literature review, albeit the findings are ambiguous and contradicting. Moreover, there isn't a thorough assessment available from Indian contexts. As a result, the current review was designed with the goal of examining …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 16–32 Read article
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Next-Generation Biorepositories: Accelerating Infectious Disease Research and Vaccine Innovation
Abstract: Next-generation biorepositories have emerged as critical infrastructure for advancing infectious disease research and accelerating vaccine development. By integrating cellular, genomic, and clinical data within harmonized frameworks, these repositories overcome traditional limitations of fragmented datasets and limited interoperability. The evolution from conventional biobanks to digitally enabled, multi-omics platforms has enabled comprehensive analysis of pathogen–host interactions, facilitating the identification of novel vaccine targets and correlates of protection. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Impact of the Roll Back Malaria Programme on the Knowledge of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abstract: Malaria remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, disproportionately affecting pregnant women. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) programme, a global initiative to reduce malaria incidence, aims to improve malaria knowledge and preventive practices among high-risk groups, including pregnant women. This study investigates the impact of the RBM programme on malaria knowledge and prevention behaviours among pregnant women in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 10–21 Read article
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Placebo in Contemporary Medical Era: A Review
Abstract: Patients attribute their health to the medicine. The other side of the picture is that their health is just about what do they expect. Clinical efficacy of medicines needs the optimism from their patients. Placebo was analyzed, its activity in prefrontal cortex assessed, raising dopamine levels. Other Expectations of patients play vital role in bringing them back to healthy life, alongside medicine. This review summarizes the data of scientific findings …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 39–47 Read article
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Towards the Wearable Cardiorespiratory Sensors for Aerospace Applications
Abstract: Developing Air Traffic Management (ATM) & avionics human-machine framework ideas need real-time surveillance of the human operator to enable unique job assessment & system adaptability characteristics. To implement these advanced notions, a set of sensors capable of consistently and correctly capturing neurophysiological data is required. The scientific verification & performance evaluation of a cardio-respiratory sensor with ATM & avionics applications are presented in this research. The processed physiological measures from …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Sodium Imbalance among Post-operative Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Descriptive Study
Abstract: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration or penetration by a projectile object. Electrolyte imbalance, especially sodium is very common due to the abnormal biochemical changes which occur after TBI. Nurses should have the knowledge about the changes in electrolyte levels in order to understand the principles of treatment and to prevent common complications in …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 26–35 Read article
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Comprehensive Review of Moebius Syndrome: Clinical Landscape, Etiology, and Therapeutic Challenges
Abstract: Moebius syndrome, a rare congenital neuromuscular disorder, presents with non-progressive facial weakness, limited eye abduction, and diverse manifestations affecting cranial nerves. This comprehensive review explores its clinical landscape, emphasizing the need for extensive investigations into its elusive etiology and genetic underpinnings. The estimated prevalence is 1 in 250,000 live births, with sporadic cases prevailing. Initial symptoms, evident from birth, encompass difficulties in sucking, and feeding, and absent facial expressiveness. Beyond …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 27–38 Read article
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AI-Driven Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine: Future of Personalized Therapy
Abstract: Pharmacogenomics and artificial intelligence (AI) are emerging as important drivers of precision medicine, enabling healthcare systems to adopt individualized therapeutic approaches. Pharmacogenomics examines how genetic variations influence drug response, efficacy, metabolism, and toxicity, while AI provides advanced computational tools for analyzing complex genomic and clinical data. This review highlights the integration of AI-driven pharmacogenomics in personalized therapy and its potential to improve treatment outcomes. Machine learning, deep learning, natural language …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Exploring Psychotropic Trends of Medication Use in Psychiatric Outpatients: An Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Abstract: Background: Psychotropic medications are essential in managing a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Prescribing habits in outpatient clinics can differ a lot depending on things like the patient’s age, background, and medical conditions. Aim: This study aims to explore the trends in psychotropic medication use among psychiatric outpatients at a tertiary care hospital, with a focus on understanding prescribing patterns, demographic factors, and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 15–23 Read article