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55 articles for “Water sanitation”
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Water Sanitation and Waterborne Disease Incidence among Households: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess water sanitation practices and the incidence of waterborne diseases among households in a selected ward of Koodalloor Panchayath, Kottayam, Kerala. The objectives were to assess the sources of household water, evaluate water sanitation and safety practices, and identify the incidence of waterborne diseases among family members during the previous year. A community-based descriptive study design was adopted. A total of 138 households were selected …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Funding Water and Sanitation Initiatives to Foster Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Lagos State
Abstract: Sufficient funding, effective sanitation strategies, and the deployment of relevant technologies are essential for fostering economic growth, protecting public health, and promoting sustainable development. This study explores the crucial financing mechanisms needed to achieve sustainable water and sanitation goals, considering the diverse community needs, infrastructure complexities, and environmental responsibilities. It examines the challenges and opportunities in financing water and sanitation initiatives, emphasizing the importance of increased investments, improved governance, and …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Water Contamination, Sanitation Practices, and Public Health Risks: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract: Contaminated water remains one of the biggest obstacles to public health, especially in developing countries, partly due to a lack of sanitation systems and lack of knowledge about the dangers. This paper describes the causes of water resource contamination and the ways in which they are transmitted, the lack of knowledge of the public, and what can be done to make it less of a problem, including a cross-sectional study …
Published in International Journal of Sustainability · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–32 Read article
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Strategies for Eradicating Water Supply Problems and Pollution Issues in Challenging Economy of Nigeria
Abstract: There are sporadic pollution issues and water supply-related problems in the Nigerian environment which calls for the urgent attention of civil engineers. This study examines strategies for eradicating water supply problems and pollution issues in the challenging economy of Nigeria. The methodology for this research work includes a site survey, case studies, visitation to some polluted sites and a literature survey. Critical strategies that are sustainable and achievable toward solving …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT OF WATER TREATMENT METHODS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH IN OGUN STATE, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
Abstract: Water and sanitation are important determinant of public health and there is a need to evaluate it. Method used was a descriptive qualitative assessment of sanitation and water handling practices in some rural areas of Ogun State Nigeria was conducted. Results: The results obtained showed that about 30% do not have toilet facility while 55.6% had pit latrine. Only 20.8% had a closed dustbin, open dustbin (37.2%) while 42.0% had …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Social Determinant in Health : Epidemiological study of communicable diseases, Demography and Mortality rate.
Abstract: Introduction: Social Determinants of Health (SDH) significantly influence the spread and prevalence of communicable diseases. Factors such as poverty, income inequality, healthcare access, education, employment, location, and social connections shape disease transmission within populations. Additional factors like age, gender, migration, and urbanization further explain the relationship between SDH and public health. Mortality rates, including life expectancy, infant mortality, and access to clean water and sanitation, are deeply affected by these …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 41–56 Read article
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Sustainable Architecture for Rural Communities: The Tanzanian Family House Model
Abstract: Sustainable rural housing in East Africa must respond simultaneously to climatic stress, water scarcity, sanitation challenges, and socio-cultural practices. This article presents the Tanzanian Family House as a climate-responsive and resource-efficient housing model developed specifically for rural Tanzanian communities. The project integrates low embodied energy materials, passive environmental strategies, and decentralized infrastructure systems to create a durable and culturally grounded dwelling that can be constructed using local skills and materials. …
Published in International Journal of Rural and Regional Development · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neglected Tropical Diseases Among Women and Children in Rural Liberia: A Regional Perspective
Abstract: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) remain a critical public health challenge in Liberia, disproportionately affecting women and children in rural regions due to systemic inequities in water, sanitation, and healthcare access. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of NTDs among 1,000 participants (600 children above 15 years and 400 women aged 15–49) in rural Liberia using stratified and cluster sampling. Laboratory diagnostics, including Kato-Katz stool analysis, urine filtration, …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Advances in Photocatalytic Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment
Abstract: Water is a fundamental component of the life support system and is indispensable for the survival of all living organisms. Life cannot exist without water, and human societies depend on it for drinking, agriculture, industry, and sanitation. Water resources are increasingly under pressure in terms of both quality and availability, largely due to rapid industrial development, expanding urban areas, and rising population levels. These human-driven activities have played a major …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 44–56 Read article
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Exploring Emerging Water Disinfection Technologies: A focus on Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Abstract: Availability of clean drinking water is an ongoing global demand. Contaminated water sources, inappropriate waste disposal, and inadequate hygiene procedures exacerbate it. These elements support the growth of pathogenic microbes like bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which cause a variety of diseases that are transmitted by water. Disinfection plays a vital role in water treatment processes by eliminating these pathogens and ensuring public health safety. Commonly used methods like Chlorination, Ozonation, …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 44–53 Read article
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A Cross-Sectional Community based Study to Analyse Drinking Water Quality in an Urban Area of Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Abstract: Health of the community can be at risk due to chemical and biological contaminants in drinking water. An appropriate management and monitoring is necessary to ensure both its quantity and quality. The objective of this study was to estimate the physical, chemical and microbiological qualities of drinking water in an urban area under the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, study its association with the occurrence of diarrhoeaand finally compare drinking water quality …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Appraisal of Household Potable Water Accessibility in Sub–Urban Areas of Oyo State: Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing Approach
Abstract: This study centred on assessing potable water accessibility in sub-urban areas using Fiditi as a case study. This study adopted a service area network and overlay operation in ArcGIS to achieve the aim of this study. Locational coordinates of all the facilities were obtained through Garmin 76 handheld GPS. Also, ground truthing was adopted to distinguish residential buildings from non - residential buildings. Coordinates (X.Y, Z) of the study were …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Socio-economic Study of Slum to Estimate Vulnerability In Order To Develop Proper Resettlement/Rehabilitation Process.
Abstract: About 900 million people, by the lowest estimations, are currently residing in urban slums. This figure rises to 1.6 billion when informal settlements of various forms are included. This amounts to roughly a quarter of the world's urban population. A sizable portion of India's urban population resides in slums. They encounter substantial barriers when accessing adequate housing and basic amenities (water, sanitation, social facilities, etc.). Government agencies’ attempts to address …
Published in International Journal of Urban Design and Development · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 33–46 Read article
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Major Challenges for Sustainable Water Management: A Review
Abstract: Water is a precious resource vital for all forms of life. It is ample in nature but has significant temporal and spatial variability. With increasing population, the per capita share of water on earth is decreasing, and in some regions it has reached at very low levels and where communities face water stress and water scarcity. While lack of safe drinking water is a major problem for close to a …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 23–27 Read article
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Analysis of Ferrocement Insulated Sandwich Wall Panel
Abstract: Ferrocement is a thin composite construction comprised of a rich cement-based mortar mixture and a variety of wire meshes. Ferrocement is a versatile building material that is widely used in developing countries for real estate, sanitation, water resources, etc. This project's major goal is to design an affordable insulation-resistant residential construction system for both urban and rural growth. Ferrocement methods decreased structural load, cost, and time by at least 30% …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 7–16 Read article
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Vaccination as a Prevention Strategy to Control Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children
Abstract: Among the viral causes of gastroenteritis, rotavirus is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children of less than 5 years. Globally, every year, it accounts for more than 500,000 deaths. The main mode of transmission is by faecal-oral route. Although in most of the children, the Rotavirus infection remains asymptomatic, in some leads to acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration. Moreover, malnutrition contributes to the severity of disease and …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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Groundwater Contamination due to Heavy Metals and other Pollutants in Amritsar District of Punjab
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium (U) and heavy metals in the underground water table of Punjab. Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS), Punjab report on water quality monitoring and mitigation presents a deplorable situation about the current water quality scenario in Punjab. Out of a total of 874 habitations covered under this survey, 378 are found to be quality affected due to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Heavy Metals Contamination of Groundwater in Patiala District of Punjab State, India
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium (U), especially in Malwa belt, along with heavy metals in underground water table of Punjab in selected districts both in Malwa and Majha belts. Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS), Punjab report on Water Quality Monitoring and Mitigation presents a deplorable situation about the current water quality scenario in Punjab. Nearly 50% habitations are found to be …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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STRATEGIC EVALUATION OF COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF DEI-DEI COMMUNITY, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Abstract: Strategic evaluation of some rural water project in Nigeria is crucial for adequate water supply and public health. The aim of this research is to evaluate the cost and benefits for a proposed rural water supply scheme identifying the optimum alternatives to be chosen for the water supply scheme. To provide safe, adequate and reliable water supply and sanitation services to selected low-income rural communities through community-based arrangements and to …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 11–28 Read article
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Rural Settlement: A Case of Barauli Village
Abstract: We see that there is a considerable change in their style when come with the same in urban areas. Life and living of rural people is viewed in terms of demography, employment and asset structure, agriculture and allied activities, rural poverty and livelihood, social and cultural issues, institutions, government schemes/programs, village-level amenities and linkages, energy utilization patterns, recent changes and development in the villages and surrounding areas, issues related to …
Published in International Journal of Rural and Regional Development · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 20–47 Read article