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113 articles for “Electric Circuit”
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Physics of Semiconductors and Electronic Circuits
Abstract: This study talks about the basic ideas behind semiconductor physics and how important they are for making and running modern electronic circuits. It starts with a look at intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, going into how charge carriers move, energy band theory, and how doping affects how well the electricity flows. Next, the conversation turns to semiconductor devices like diodes, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and field-effect transistors (FETs). The focus is …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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Orcad P-spice Modified Switches for Electrical and Electronic Circuits
Abstract: Voltage dependent switch and Current dependent switch are extensively used to obtain open/short circuit in various networks for various applications. PSPICE /OrCAD software analog behavioral modellings options and Spice dependent sources are used to obtain control equivalent circuits for switches (P-spice built-in models) to be used for two types of applications. Different circuits (at DC, time-domain), and Spice files are described to simulation circuits with analyses. The following features are …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 27–45 Read article
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Electronic Circuitry and Material Integration for Enhanced Gas Detection Windows
Abstract: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and propane, being flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases, are widely used as fuel in various applications such as homes, hostels, and industries. Our main objective for this project is to design and fabricate a gas sensing window that will autonomously open upon detecting any leakage of gases like LPG, CO2, alcohol, propane, etc. The heart of our system is the MQ-9 gas sensor, known for its …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 14–24 Read article
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Energy Harvesting Circuits with Piezoelectric Material: Design, Integration, and Optimization
Abstract: Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PHE) have drawn significant interest as a method of harvesting environment energy to power because of its compatibility and high energy density. Integrating piezoelectric energy harvesters into wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT)) devices, and wearable electronics enhances their functionality and also increases sustainability. This integration can be lead to the development of self-powered devices that can operate continuously without the need for external power sources. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1028–1039 Read article
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Under Voltage and Over Voltage Protection of Electrical Equipment - A Review
Abstract: In our modern, digitally-driven world, the seamless operation of electrical equipment is paramount, spanning industries, households, and infrastructure. However, the reliability of these vital assets is inextricably linked to the quality of electrical power supplied to them. Voltage fluctuations, specifically under voltage and over voltage events, pose significant threats to the integrity and functionality of electrical equipment. This review paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of under voltage and over voltage …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power and Machine Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of CMOS Analog Circuit Design Techniques for Low-Power VLSI Systems
Abstract: CMOS analog circuit design plays a significant role in the development of modern low-power Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) systems used in wireless communication, biomedical devices, portable electronics, embedded systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Research on low-power CMOS analogue design methodologies has intensified because to the growing need for high-performance, small, and energy-efficient electronic products. However, reducing power consumption while maintaining signal accuracy, noise performance, stability, bandwidth, and overall …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Silicon Symphony: The Science of Semiconductors Circuits
Abstract: Modern electronics are built on the foundation of semiconductor circuits, which precisely and efficiently control the flow of electrical impulses. This article takes a look at the underlying physics of semiconductor materials and how their unique electrical properties allow the design and functioning of diodes, transistors and integrated circuits. This study links microscopic scientific principles to the behaviour of real circuits. It considers essential concepts such as charge carriers, doping …
Published in International Journal of Solid State Innovations & Research · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Electronic Design Technology: From Circuits to Smart Systems
Abstract: Electronic Design Technology has changed a lot over the years. It has gone from making simple circuits to making smart, complicated systems that run modern life. This article looks at how electronic design methods have changed over time, focusing on important improvements in tools, materials, and integrated systems. It looks at how new technologies like computer-aided design (CAD), embedded systems, and automation have made product creation faster, more accurate, and …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–36 Read article
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Short Circuit Protection System for Electrical Vehicle (EV) Safety with GSM Module
Abstract: The safety of electric vehicles' (EVs') vital components against overheating has become a top priority for both manufacturers and users as EVs continue to grow in popularity worldwide. Important parts like batteries, power electronics, and charging systems run the risk of overheating, which can have a number of detrimental effects, including thermal runaway, which presents major safety risks like fires or explosions. Overheating can also lead to decreased efficiency, deteriorated …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 18–22 Read article
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A Study on Polymer-Based FinFET Applications and Logic Circuit Implementation with FinFET
Abstract: Nano devices play a crucial role in the semiconductor industry and can work as the solution for the problems like scaling of MOSFET. The FinFET can serve as the substitute of bulk CMOS in nanoscale. It mainly consists of two gate terminals which can be either shorted or kept independent.The shorted gate (SG-FinFET) configuration provides higher Ion and Ioff whereas the Independent Gate (IG-FinFET) configuration reduces the transistor count and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 312–340 Read article
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Role of Reinforcement Learning in Improvement of Semiconductor Doping
Abstract: The semiconductor industry faces increasing challenges in achieving optimal doping profiles as device dimensions shrink and performance requirements intensify. Traditional doping optimization methods, while effective, often struggle with the complex, multi-dimensional parameter spaces characteristic of modern semiconductor manufacturing. This study explores the transformative role of reinforcement learning (RL) in improving semiconductor doping processes, examining how RL algorithms can autonomously optimize doping parameters to enhance device performance, reduce manufacturing costs, and …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 23–34 Read article
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Inverse Model for Predicting Thermal Abnormality of the Transient Process Triggered by Defective Electronics Element
Abstract: The paper presents a model for predicting thermal abnormalities in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) by approximating the thermal process of electric elements with heating from point sources. Circuit board heat sources are defined as point and non-point. The point heat source is a small electronic heating element that can be approximated as having originated from one point on the circuit board. A non-point source is one with heat distributed over …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 24–31 Read article
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Polymer-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Abstract: Polymer-based nanocomposites have emerged as a highly promising class of materials, offering enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. By incorporating nanoscale fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal oxides into polymer matrices, these composites exhibit superior strength, conductivity, and durability compared to conventional polymer materials. Their tunable properties make them highly versatile, with applications spanning multiple industries, including biomedical engineering, electronics, and automotive manufacturing. The synthesis of polymer nanocomposites …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 222–227 Read article
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Design and Development of Experimental Test Rig for Fatigue Life Estimation of Freewheel One-Way Clutch Used in Switchgear Applications at High Overrunning Speeds
Abstract: Freewheel one-way clutch (OWC) is a critical component used in industrial circuit breakers/switchgear to facilitate quick disengagement of the drive when an electrical circuit trips under overcurrent. The clutch acts as a safety device to endure high overrunning speeds and allows the drive shaft to rotate at normal operating speeds during each tripping cycle. The trip mechanism utilizes the stored potential energy of the helical compression spring, which is the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 289–299 Read article
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Graphene–Perovskite Hybrid Opto-Electronic Modulators for Ultra-Low Power Optical Communication
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel self-adaptive neuromorphic opto-electronic transceiver architecture designed to enhance the intelligence, adaptability, and efficiency of next-generation optical communication networks. The proposed system integrates neuromorphic computing principles with photonic signal processing to enable real-time learning, dynamic resource allocation, and autonomous compensation of channel impairments such as dispersion, nonlinearities, and noise. Unlike conventional transceivers, the developed model employs spiking neural networks embedded within opto-electronic circuits to mimic biological …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 41–52 Read article
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Thevenin Impedance Networks for Spice Simulation Using Analog Behavioural Modelling
Abstract: PSPICE/OrCAD software analog behavioral modeling (FREQ) option is used to obtain equivalent circuits for Thevenin equivalent resistance to be used for three types of applications for different circuits (other different networks with these Thevenin models at DC), and Spice files are described to simulation circuits with AC analyses. Three different applications are useful in linear integrated circuits using DC Thevenin resistance of two networks are considered. Firstly, the DC Thevenin …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 39–46 Read article
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Advancements in Battery Monitoring for Electric Vehicle Optimization
Abstract: The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is inevitable as we move towards a more sustainable future, necessitating the development of more efficient EV technologies. Central to any EV is its battery management system (BMS), comprised of intricate electronic circuits like converters and inverters. The BMS is crucial for optimizing battery performance by monitoring and regulating key parameters such as current, voltage, state of charge (SOC), and temperature. Because of its …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Nanoelectronics Based on Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract: Nanoelectronics, the study and application of electronic components and systems at the nanometer scale, plays a pivotal role in advancing modern technology toward faster, smaller, and more energy-efficient devices. Among the various nanomaterials explored for these applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. This project report presents an in-depth exploration of the role …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 40–53 Read article
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Implementation of Adders Using Ternary Based Multiple Valued Logic
Abstract: In today’s world VLSI chips are widely used in various branches of Engineering like Voice and Data communication networks, Digital signal processing, Computers, Commercial Electronics, Automobiles, Medicine and many more. So, there have been major advances in IC technology which have both made feasible and generated great interest in electronic circuits which employ more than two discrete levels of signals such circuits called Multiple valued logic circuits, offer several potential …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Inductive (Dynamic) Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System
Abstract: Wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV) is a good example where an application of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) can be automated and convenient so as to improve acceptance. Inductive, capacitive, and magnetic devices are the three types of wireless charging technologies. An experimental setup intended to assess the effectiveness of a wireless inductive charging system specifically used for EV battery charging is presented in the paper. This configuration shows …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Machine Analysis and Design · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 30–44 Read article