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108 articles for “Circuit Efficiency”
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Review And Analysis of Application of Conductive Polymer Composites in Power-Efficient RF Circuits For 5G PAPR Reduction
Abstract: The need for low power RF circuits has gained more importance in the background of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, since the inherent PAPR characteristic of 5G signals—especially when using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based techniques—becomes high. This high PAPR limits the efficiency of RF power amplifiers, increases power consumption, and induces thermal management challenges. In this context, conductive polymer composites (CPCs), based on advanced polymer matrices integrated with …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 111–125 Read article
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Impact of Semiconductor Material Properties on Device Behavior and Circuit Performance: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Semiconductor materials play a fundamental role in determining the performance, efficiency, and reliability of modern electronic devices and circuits. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of how intrinsic and engineered material properties influence device behavior and overall circuit functionality. Key parameters such as bandgap energy, carrier mobility, thermal conductivity, and defect density are examined to understand their direct impact on switching speed, power consumption, and operational stability. The paper explores …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A High Frequency and Power Efficient Memristor Emulator and Its Application
Abstract: This study presents a small, energy-efficient memristor emulator made for use at high frequencies. The proposed circuit has a simple design that only includes three n-type MOSFETs and a grounded capacitor. This means that there is no need for active components or DC biasing. This streamlined architecture not only makes things easier, but it also uses very little power, with dynamic and static power measured at 15.82 μW and 65.6 …
Published in International Journal of Electrical and Communication Engineering Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 45–52 Read article
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Thermally Adaptive Bio-Inspired VLSI Interconnect Model for Next-Generation Embedded Systems
Abstract: The increasing complexity of next-generation embedded systems has intensified the challenges associated with power dissipation, thermal instability, signal integrity, and interconnect reliability in Very Large- Scale Integration (VLSI) architectures. This research proposes a thermally adaptive bio-inspired VLSI interconnect model designed to enhance communication efficiency and thermal resilience in advanced embedded platforms. The proposed model integrates bio-inspired adaptive routing principles with dynamic thermal-aware interconnect management to optimize data transmission under varying …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of CMOS Analog Circuit Design Techniques for Low-Power VLSI Systems
Abstract: CMOS analog circuit design plays a significant role in the development of modern low-power Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) systems used in wireless communication, biomedical devices, portable electronics, embedded systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Research on low-power CMOS analogue design methodologies has intensified because to the growing need for high-performance, small, and energy-efficient electronic products. However, reducing power consumption while maintaining signal accuracy, noise performance, stability, bandwidth, and overall …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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A Majority Function Based Full Subtractor
Abstract: In the present landscape of very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology, the imperative to implement Boolean functions with minimal gate count remains a cornerstone of efficient circuit design. This pursuit has only grown more critical with the evolution of low-power design strategies, which now offer significantly enhanced benefits compared to traditional approaches. The trifecta of performance, affordability, and dependability continue to drive innovation in this field, shaping the trajectory of technological …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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Silicon Symphony: The Science of Semiconductors Circuits
Abstract: Modern electronics are built on the foundation of semiconductor circuits, which precisely and efficiently control the flow of electrical impulses. This article takes a look at the underlying physics of semiconductor materials and how their unique electrical properties allow the design and functioning of diodes, transistors and integrated circuits. This study links microscopic scientific principles to the behaviour of real circuits. It considers essential concepts such as charge carriers, doping …
Published in International Journal of Solid State Innovations & Research · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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High Performance Multi-Valued Logic (MVL)Gate Design Using FinFET
Abstract: CMOS scaling faces challenges such as leakage, power dissipation, and short channel effects. Multi-Valued Logic (MVL) offers higher information density and reduced interconnections. This work presents a FinFET-based MVL gate design that improves electrostatic control, switching speed, and reliability. Simulation results confirm reduced leakage power and enhanced performance compared to conventional logic. The proposed architecture demonstrates scalability for advanced technology nodes. It also shows potential for low-power applications in portable …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 34–45 Read article
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Analysis of Perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) Solar Cells Using Cu2O as a Hole Transport Layer (HTL) with Varying ETL Thickness
Abstract: Solar cells offer a viable option for creating new clean energy solutions, though they may require supplementary energy sources. Renewable electricity sources, known for being affordable, accessible, and greenhouse gas-free, are increasingly popular. Photovoltaic cells, which convert sunlight into electricity, stand out as an excellent choice. Over the past two decades, advancements in photovoltaic technology have significantly reduced costs and enhanced the efficiency of solar cells.[4] Perovskite materials, recognized for …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 38–48 Read article
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A Cost-Effective Fast Cell Balancing Technique for Lithium- Ion Batteries using a Single DC–DC Converter with Direct Energy Transfer
Abstract: A novel quick lithium-ion battery balancing method with a single DC-DC converter for facilitating the direct energy transfer process in low and high voltage cells is introduced in this research work. Cost effectiveness in the design of the switch network is achieved by the use of relays in switching the cells. A control circuit including an MCU and a battery management IC is used for the sensing of cell voltages …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Chlorophyll-Mimicking Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene-Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites: Nature-Inspired Exciton Funneling Architecture for Ultrahigh Photon-to-Electron Conversion in Organic Solar Cells
Abstract: Green plant photosynthetic machinery is one of the most efficient natural systems for harvesting solar energy and converting it into useable electronic charge. Specifically, chlorophyll molecules in the Light-Harvesting Complex II (LHC-II) achieve nearly unity quantum yield via a well-organized Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism that enables excitons to migrate towards reaction centers. This study presents a bio-inspired nanocomposite architecture using two-dimensional Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanosheets functionalized with chlorophyll-mimicking porphyrin …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 114–130 Read article
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Design and Analysis of Low-Power CMOS Inverter Chains for High-Speed Digital Circuits
Abstract: This report briefly explains the design process, structure, and evaluation of a CMOS inverter designed using a 45 nm technology process with a focus on its propagation delay and power consumption. Moreover, the CMOS inverter design will be created using the Cadence Virtuoso design environment, along with a post-layout analysis of the design. Performance evaluation of the designed circuit will be carried out through the execution of a transient analysis …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 40–57 Read article
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Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Extracted Natural Dyes and Synthetic Dyes with Nanocomposite Material
Abstract: Producing dye sensitised solar cells in their original colours required a number of different techniques. Plants and berries were used to extract these dyes. The DSSCs were manufactured by recycling the old dyes. It was clear that the efficiency of the power conversion was deteriorating. TiO2 mesoporous films' potential applications were also studied. This study employed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to examine the interactions of natural dyes with TiO2. Bi2O3 nanoparticles …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites Read article
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Study of Efficient HVDC Boost Converters: Design Challenges and Solutions
Abstract: The boost converter is a fundamental circuit topology in power electronics, widely used for voltage step-up applications. This article explores the design principles, operational characteristics, and performance analysis of boost converters. It delves into key components such as the power switch, inductor, capacitor, and control circuitry, elucidating their roles in achieving efficient voltage conversion. The use of a high voltage direct current (HVDC) boost converter for bug zapper purposes is …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 42–48 Read article
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Physics of Semiconductors and Electronic Circuits
Abstract: This study talks about the basic ideas behind semiconductor physics and how important they are for making and running modern electronic circuits. It starts with a look at intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, going into how charge carriers move, energy band theory, and how doping affects how well the electricity flows. Next, the conversation turns to semiconductor devices like diodes, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and field-effect transistors (FETs). The focus is …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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Study of Perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) Solar Cell using CuI (Copper Iodide) as Hole Transport Layer (HTL) at different thickness of HTL layer
Abstract: While solar energy is a viable option, future clean energy solutions may require other energy sources. Renewable electricity sources are known for being affordable, easy to access, and not producing greenhouse gases. Photovoltaic cells, which turn sunlight into electrical power, are a good choice. Over the last twenty years, advancements in photovoltaic technology have lowered costs and improved the efficiency of solar cells. Perovskite materials, recognized for their unique crystal …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Growth of Cu2O on TCO by SILAR method acts as an alternative buffer electrode layer towards the development of organic solar cell
Abstract: In many types of optoelectronic devices, layer of PEDOT: PSS is sandwiched between the indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode and the active layer. Buffer PEDOT: PSS provides a well- defined work function which is higher than that of ITO (4.2eV), it smooths the ITO surface and so avoids shorts, and it also protects the active layer from ingress of indium or oxygen, leading to longer device lifetimes. The role of PEDOT: …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 18–25 Read article
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How small circuits power big technology in the world of VSIL
Abstract: Very Small Integration Level (VSIL) circuit technology represents an emerging class of ultra- compact, low-power electronic design methodologies that enable the creation of highly efficient and scalable systems. This article explores the fundamental principles behind VSIL circuits, including device miniaturization, optimized layout strategies, adaptive power management, and noise-resilient architectures. We also look into the methodical engineering of VSIL circuits to satisfy the ever-tougher performance, robustness, and long- term energy-efficiency demands …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 44–53 Read article
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Comparative Assessment of Polymers and Composites for Solar Panels: Fundamentals, Performance Metrics, Manufacturing, and Sustainability
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the main types of Photo Voltaic polymers and composites such as crystalline silicon (both mono- and poly-Si), thin-film tech (CdTe, CIGS, a-Si), perovskites, and organic/dye-sensitized cells and analyses the parameters such as efficiency, fill factor, open-circuit voltage, temperature response, and degradation. The analysis focusses on polymers and composites and manufacturing techniques like vapor deposition, roll-to-roll printing, and both solution and vapor techniques for …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 120–130 Read article
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Development of Polymer Based SRAM Cell with Enhance Low Power Performance
Abstract: Low-power memory technologies are in high demand with the rapid growth of portable electronics and energy-efficient computing systems. Static random-access memory (SRAM) plays a crucial role in processors, cache memories, and system-on-chip applications due to their speed and reliability. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is typically implemented using complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, which integrates both PMOS (P-channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor) and NMOS (N-channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor) transistors. However, as technology scales to deep submicron …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1439–1448 Read article