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213 articles for “substitution”
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Formulation and Evaluation of Saliva Substitute
Abstract: The development and evaluation of saliva substitutes play a vital role in managing xerostomia, a condition marked by insufficient saliva production that adversely affects oral health and overall well-being. This study investigates various formulations of saliva substitutes intended to replicate the functionality of natural saliva. The key goals are to assess their moisturizing effectiveness, physical and chemical properties, and in vitro performance. These formulations generally incorporate hydrators, lubricants, thickeners, and …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 32–47 Read article
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Sugar Substitutes: Benefit or Burden
Abstract: The ubiquitous presence of sugar in our daily diet poses a considerable impact on both dental and overall health. The consensus is clear: an excess of sugar is far from ideal. Moreover, controversial conjectures have emerged, suggesting a pivotal role of excessive sugar intake in certain degenerative diseases. In response to these concerns, artificial sweeteners, also known as sugar substitutes or low-calorie sweeteners, have become increasingly appealing to consumers.Artificial sweeteners, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Unraveling Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conduction in Lithium-Substituted Rubidium Tetra Titanates via Dielectric Spectroscopy and EPR Analysis
Abstract: Lithium-substituted Rubidium Tetra Titanates with varying concentrations of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) — specifically 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 molar percentages — were successfully synthesized using a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The resulting compounds follow the general chemical formula Rb₂₋ₓLiₓTi₄O₉. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that lithium ions were successfully incorporated into the crystal lattice without disrupting the fundamental layered structure of the host material. The crystal system remained monoclinic across …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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Import Substitute for Production of Ultrapure Water by Membrane Integrated Process for Medical and Biotechnological Applications
Abstract: The present invention discloses an inexpensive import substitute compact design of low-cost membrane process for the production of ultrapure water for dialysis and medical applications in different fields like pathological laboratories, biochemical analysis, sterilization and sanitation, dental and optical lens cleansers. The ultrapure water of demineralization (DM) process is related to the cascaded high- flux and high-selective membrane system for hyper permeation which is operated under the pressure of 3-7 …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology Read article
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Heterocyclic Substituted Flavones: Bridging Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry
Abstract: Heterocyclic substituted flavones represent a unique and promising class of flavonoid derivatives, gaining significant attention in recent years due to their diverse and enhanced biological activities. These compounds are characterized by the incorporation of heterocyclic moieties such as quinoline, pyridine, thiazole, imidazole, oxazole, and pyrazole into the flavone structure, which significantly alters and often enhances their bioactive properties. This structural modification has made heterocyclic flavones particularly appealing as candidates for …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 23–30 Read article
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Parametric Study of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with Partial Cement Substitution Using Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash
Abstract: This research aims to evaluate the impact of incorporating steel fibers [SF] and partially substituting cement with rice husk ash [RHA] and fly ash [FA] on the properties of concrete. SF were added in different volume fractions [0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%], combined with 10% RHA and 20% FA. Initially, the concrete mix contained 30% FA with no RHA, which was then adjusted to a mix of 15% FA …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 171–180 Read article
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Assessing Concrete Strength Through Substituting Coarse Aggregate with Steel Slag and Cement with Bentonite Powder
Abstract: This study investigates the strength characteristics of concrete by partially replacing cement with bentonite powder and coarse aggregate with steel slag. The research aims to evaluate the mechanical performance of concrete through compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests. Bentonite powder is substituted at varying levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, while steel slag is incorporated consistently at 60% as a replacement for coarse aggregate. The objective …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Substitution of La3+ in Cu0.5Co0.5 LaxFe2-x O4 (x=0.02, 0.06) spinel ferrites improves the structural and dielectric Properties
Abstract: Nanosized Spinel ferrites with composition Cu0.5Co0.5 LaxFe2-x O4 (x=0.2, 0.6) synthesized by Sol-Gel auto Combustion method. The prepared sample was calcinated at 8000c for 4 hours. The substitution of La3+ effects the structural parameters, which is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The X-rd analysis shows that the crystallite size is 34.609 nm for 0.02 and 38.994 nm for 0.06 was calculated by using Debye-Scherrer’s formula. dislocation density shows at value …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 45–48 Read article
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Computational Molecular Docking Studies to Design Novel 2, 3-Substituted-1-(4-(Piperidin-1-yl) butyl)-1H- indol-5-ol Derivatives for Estrogen Receptor Alfa in AF-2 Domain
Abstract: The present manuscript describes the designing of novel 2, 3-Substituted-1-(4-(Piperidin-1-yl) butyl)- 1H-indol-5-ol derivatives as specific estrogen receptor alfa modulators and their screening by docking studies to determine the binding interaction for the best-fit conformations in the binding site of the ERα receptor. Based on the results of docking studies, the selected ligands reveal the all- important functional groups of the ligands that interact with active amino acid residues in the …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 15–49 Read article
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M-Sand and coconut shells can partially substitute natural sand and coarse aggregate in a concrete mix
Abstract: This study explores a green approach to concrete production by using coconut shells and Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) as partial substitutes for traditional coarse aggregates and natural sand. Additionally, it investigates the role of silica in enhancing concrete properties. Coconut shells, often seen as waste, are utilized as lightweight aggregates, reducing the need for heavy natural aggregates. M-Sand replaces some of the natural sand, conserving this resource and reducing carbon emissions. …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 35–54 Read article
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Review Article on Biomedical Lubricant Hydrogels as Cartilage Substitutes
Abstract: This article underscores the increasing popularity of hydrogel lubricants in the biomedical domain and presents a comprehensive exploration of their potential as substitutes for cartilage. This understanding forms the foundation for the development of hydrogel-based lubricants that are designed to emulate these natural functionalities. Providing detailed insights, this article navigates through cutting-edge bio-inspired architecture techniques tailored to create hydrogels for cartilage. The emphasis is on achieving superior strength through diverse …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 35–48 Read article
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Impact of Composite Materials by Silica Fume and Fly Ash in Cement and Partial Substitution of Fine Aggregate Using Quarry Dust in Steel Fibre Concrete
Abstract: Mineral admixtures can be added to concrete to replace some of the cement, increasing its overall strength. Fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) are two often used mineral admixtures. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of adding varied amounts of fly ash and a consistent amount of silica fume on concrete strength by using the same amount of substitute for cement and the same water-binder …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 5, 2024 · pp. 139–147 Read article
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A comprehensive study on elemental analysis and sustainable integration of CETP (common effluent treatment plant) sludge as a substitute to sand in concrete
Abstract: This study examines the utilization of sludge from common effluent treatment plants (CETP) as a fractional substitute for sand in M20 concrete mixtures. Its aim is to address disposal challenges associated with CETP sludge while promoting sustainable use of natural resources. The research assesses the structural and microstructural attributes of concrete mixes containing varying percentages of CETP sludge (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). Tests conducted include compressive, flexural, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 49–59 Read article
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Investigating The Feasibility of Basalt Fiber as A Carbon Fiber Substitute in Composites for Automotive Applications
Abstract: The escalating carbon footprint, a consequence of dwindling natural resources and surging energy demand, necessitates immediate measures to mitigate environmental impact. This prompted the current study: to look at alternative manufacturing materials that could be utilized as a carbon-free substitute without compromising on mechanical properties. Basalt fiber was identified as a potential eco-friendly replacement to carbon fiber which has several advantages over carbon fiber and is entirely natural and biodegradable. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 275–285 Read article
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Flexural Analysis of Concrete Specimens with Substantial Substitution of Cement by Marble Dust and Scrap Rubber as Fibre
Abstract: Concrete is a crucial material in building and construction. Concrete is becoming more and more in demand every day. Concrete's essential ingredients are running out, therefore we need to find replacements. In addition to providing the necessary strength to the concrete, the replacement materials should also have the properties of the genuine components used in concrete. Typically, compression is where concrete shines, whereas tension and shear are where it falters. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 4, 2023 · pp. 95–100 Read article
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Conducting an Experimental Study on the Behavior of Concrete Involves Partially Substituting Coarse Aggregate with Waste Granite Tiles and Fine Aggregate with Quartz Sandstone Powder
Abstract: In agricultural nations where cement is generally utilized, the high and consistently inflating cost of cement has made development over the top expensive. Removal of strong waste materials is an extraordinary worry in urban communities from one side of the planet to the other. A portion of these waste materials are not biodegradable, which frequently prompts removal emergency and natural contamination. Numerous endeavors are being made for the reusing of …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 26–34 Read article
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5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-4-one: Synthesis and Reactions
Abstract: The presence of the five-member pyrazole nucleus in different structures leads to a large diversity in its applications. In almost every research study, the pyrazole derivatives biological importance faces a competitive challenge in areas of technology, medicine and agriculture. This reflects the description of these derivatives as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, antioxidant as well as antiviral agents. In our review, we will discuss and show the highlights of …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2025 Read article
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Synthesis and antibacterial studies of some bivalent transition metal ions Zn (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes of Schiff’s base derived from some substituted aromatic aldehydes.
Abstract: In this study, Schiff bases were synthesised through the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with primary amines and subsequently complexed with Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions. The formation of the metal complexes was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, which identified the key functional groups involved in coordination. The biological activity of the prepared compounds were studied with the help of selected bacteria like E. coli , Pseudomonas. and B. sereus.. The results obtained …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 96–104 Read article
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Use of NMR and Other Spectroscopy Techniques in Heterocyclic Oxadiazole Derivatives Studies: A Review
Abstract: It was possible to create a number of novel symmetrical 2,5-dialkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles with substituents including carboxymethylamino, isopropyloxycarbonylmethylamino, and bromine at the terminal positions of the alkyl groups. The multistep process that was devised used hydrazine hydrate, phosphorus oxychloride, and commercially available acid chlorides that varied in alkyl chain length and terminal substituent.Diisopropyliminodiacetate was an easy way to substitute the intermediate bromine-containing 2,5-dialkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. This was followed by hydrolysis in an aqueous methanol …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 07–13 Read article
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Nerve Damage and Its Remedies
Abstract: Fringe Nerve Wounds are one of the most well-known reasons for hand brokenness brought about by upper appendage injury yet current administration has remained sub-standard. This survey means to make sense of the conventional perspective on pathophysiology of nerve fix and furthermore portray why careful administration is as yet lacking in utilizing the new natural research that has recorded the progressions that happen after the nerve injury, which, could cause …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 7–14 Read article