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63 articles for “submergence”
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Prediction of Depth-Induced Stress Distribution and Maintenance Cost Implications for Submerged Structural Components
Abstract: This study investigates the influence of water depth on stress distribution and structural integrity of submerged mechanical components . Structural models fabricated from mild steel, stainless steel, carbon steel, and copper alloy were examined under hydrostatic loading corresponding to water depths between 30 cm and 150 cm. Results indicate that normal and shear stresses increased proportionally with depth due to intensified hydrostatic pressure. Mild steel exhibited the highest stress concentrations, …
Published in International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 29–35 Read article
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Effect of Polarity on Metal Transfer in Submerged Arc Welding
Abstract: Essential requirement of a welding process is to obtain a welded joint with desired weld bead parameters and mechanical properties. The major challenge in a welding process is to achieve control over the weld metal properties which are significantly affected by polarity as it affects the extent of heat generated at electrode wire and work in the welding process. This paper evaluates the effect of polarity on metal transfer through …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 42–48 Read article
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Effect of Electrode Extension and Width of the Plate on Distortion and Residual Stresses Using Submerged Arc Welding Process
Abstract: Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion and is used extensively in the fabrications of many structures, buildings, ships, pressure vessels, etc., due to many advantages it has, over the other fabrication processes. Localized heating during welding, followed by rapid cooling, can generate residual stresses and distortion. However, distortion is a problem encountered during welding. The presence of distortion …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 23–30 Read article
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Effect of Bulk Density of Developed Agglomerated Fluxes on Flux Consumption and Penetration during Submerged Arc Welding
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study correlating the bulk density of agglomerated fluxes during submerged arc welding on weld penetration and flux consumption. The basic constituents of these fluxes are CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3. Minor additions of MgO, MnO, CaF2, NiO and Fe-Cr are mixed in the basic constituents for improving techno-mechanical and physical properties of the weld metal.Keywords: Submerged arc welding, agglomerated flux, flux consumption, weld …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Grid Sensitivity and Its Impact on the Hydrodynamics of a Submerged Vessel
Abstract: Accurate prediction of hydrodynamic characteristics is essential for the design and performance assessment of underwater vehicles and offshore structures. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has emerged as an effective tool for analyzing fluid flow behavior around submerged bodies, enabling detailed evaluation of pressure distribution, drag forces, and flow patterns. In this study, the effect of mesh refinement on the hydrodynamic analysis of a DRDC-STR submarine nose section was investigated using ANSYS …
Published in Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic activities of Mycelia Biomass and Culture broth of three Edible Mushrooms, Morchella conica, Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus florida Grown in Submerged Culture
Abstract: Mycelia biomass of three edible mushrooms namely, Morchella conica, Pleurotus florida and Hericium erinaceus were grown as submerged culture in potato dextrose broth supplemented with yeast extract, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate and magnesium sulphate. The mycelia biomass was extracted with 70% ethanol and culture broth with ethyl acetate. The solvents were evaporated to dryness at low temperature using a rotary vacuum evaporator and the residues thus obtained were used for the …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 37–50 Read article
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An Analytical Model for Sub grid Force-Equilibrium Approach in Submerged Vegetative Channel
Abstract: A new, analytical model of the vertical flow velocity profile of submerged vegetation has been developed. Velocity profile can be divided into three zones: linear zone which is closed to bed with linear velocitydistribution, logarithmic zone which involves the main channel without vegetative cover and the middle zone (transition zone) that is affected by the momentum of upper zone. For the surface layer, Prandtl’s mixing lengthconcept is adopted resulting in …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Comparative study of quicklime and cement (void fillers) on durability of asphalt pavement wearing course under submerged conditions
Abstract: ABSTRACTThis study adopts an experimental approach using the Marshall Mix design method to investigate the effect of quicklime, and cement in the enhancement of asphalt pavement wearing course under submergence in terms of strength and durability. The results gotten showed that strength and durability properties such as Retained stability, First Durability Index (FDI) and Second Durability Index(SDI) were negatively affected by moisture for mixes without modifiers, while the mixes modified …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 26–34 Read article
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Screening of the Nutrient Parameters for Protease Production by Bacillus cereus Using Plackett-Burman Design under Submerged Fermentation
Abstract: Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to screen important nutrient parameters influencing the production of protease by Bacillus cereus, which was isolated from fish waste soil. The Plackett-Burman design is orthogonal in nature and it is a set of small and efficient experiments, which are very powerful in biotechnology research and development. Screening of 11 factors was done in 12 experiments. The 11 factors included one process parameter (initial pH of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 26–31 Read article
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Reduction of Submerged Mark Defects in Injection Molding Method
Abstract: Because of overwhelming interest in plastic items, plastic businesses are developing in a speediest rate. Plastic infusion forming starts with shape making and in assembling of complex shapes. Ideal setting up of infusion forming process factors assumes an imperative part in controlling the nature of the infusion shaped items. It is all the most critical to control property abandons like sink marks. Sink marks are fundamentally a "planned in" issue …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 15–21 Read article
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Utilization of the Brewer’s Spent Grain for Lactic acid production: Acid hydrolysis and submerged fermentation
Abstract: The production of Lactic acid from Brewery Spent Grain using Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. was carried out in this study. Box Behnken Design (BBD) (Design expert® 7 software) was used to investigate the effect of temperature, reaction time and acid concentration during the hydrolysis. Fermentation of the hydrolyzate was performed at 35 °C, pH 5.0-5.5 and 200 rpm for 72 h.
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Microstructure Analysis and Material Properties of Weld Slag as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Abstract: To reduce the amount of river sand used, researchers and engineers have developed their own solutions. The well-known technique of submerged-arc welding can create high-quality welds in a variety of thicknesses for ferrous, stainless, and even some non-ferrous metals. The procedure involves an electric current flowing constantly between a welding wire and the work piece, creating an arc. In submerged arc welding, the shielding flux is transformed into slag during …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Statistical Modeling for Weld Quality Assessment using AI SAW Welding of Mild Steel
Abstract: The main issue to the industries that apply Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is quality assurance since the structural integrity dictates safety and the performance of the industry. The existing system of checking manuals is not only time consuming but also has human errors that make it mandatory to deploy automated intelligent systems. This study carries out an extensive comparison of the leading approaches based on the use of Artificial Intelligence …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 892–907 Read article
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Gluconic acid production from cane molasses using Aspergillus carneus
Abstract: Gluconic acid is a multifunctional organic acid, non-volatile, non-corrosive, non-toxic, readily biodegradable, with environmentally friendly properties. In this study, gluconic acid was produced from the treated molasses using Aspergillus carneus strain under the submerged fermentation. The parameters were studied using the four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design using using Design Expert ® version 11. The acid produced was characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum values of the parameters were …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 37–44 Read article
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Effect of Hardfacing on Mechanical Properties
Abstract: A metal working process in which a harder alloying elements are deposited to a softer material the process is called hardfacing or hard surfacing. The life of that part which is hardfaced increases with this process. The present investigation discusses the effects of FeCr, FeV, FeMo, FeMn, C and Ni addition applied on mild steel having carbon content 0.27 using the submerged arc welding process.The effect of these alloying elements …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 18–27 Read article
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Effect of Carbon ,Chromium, Vanadium, Molybdenum, Manganese and Nickel on hardness and wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloys.
Abstract: The effects of combination of carbon (C), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) in Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy has been investigated on microstructure and microhardness with submerged arc welding (SAW) process. The Optical Microscope (OM) and Vicker micro-hardness tester were used. Powder form of ferro-chrome (Fe-Cr), ferro-vanadium (Fe-V), ferro-molybdenum (Fe-Mo), carbon (C), nickel (Ni) and ferro-manganese (Fe-Mn) were used as alloying elements to form coating layer …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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The Impending of Our Solar System in the Undulations of the Space–Time Continuum and Uninduced Mass–Energy Imbalance Moieties
Abstract: This paper indemnifies the assumptions of space-time continuum, gravitational waves and theoretical aspects of warping. The submergence of the celestial bodies in the space warps was illustrated. The physical interpretation of the space and the effect of the gravitational waves in the space-time warps was explained in relation to the stars and planets. The undulations of the space as function of time and vice versa was discussed in this paper. …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 42–44 Read article
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Evaluation of Critical MMAW Welding Defects Using Computer Simulation in Industrial Manufacturing Systems
Abstract: Manufacturing is one of the key sectors of any countries GDP and welding is one of the prime manufacturing processes of the manufacturing sector. Welding has several notable advantages over mechanical joining techniques, including higher structural integrity, design flexibility, and cost and weight lowers. Welded products/structures are subjected to serious issues of residual stresses and distortions. The performance and sturdiness of the welded structures are severely impacted by weld remaining …
Published in International Journal of Industrial and Product Design Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 18–26 Read article
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The Effects of Physiochemical Parameters and Microbial Counts on Metal Coupons Corrosions in Freshwater Environment at Different Water Depths
Abstract: The effect of water quality on metal coupon corrosion was investigated at the New Calabar River in Choba. The study examined metal corrosion rates at five different depths: 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm, and 150 cm in a freshwater environment. Water samples were collected at each depth and analyzed for physicochemical and microbial parameters to understand their impact on metal degradation. Key parameters measured included pH, Electrical …
Published in Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–51 Read article
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Analysis of Submarine Hydrodynamics and NACA Aerofoils Using Ansys Fluent
Abstract: This study investigates the hydrodynamic behaviour of submerged offshore vehicles, including submarine hull and NACA aerofoils through simulation and fluid flow analysis, using ANSYS Fluent. The study models the interaction between fluid flow and offshore submerged vessels i.e. a Standard Submarine Model and various NACA profiles, simulating pressure distributions and drag forces that affect offshore operational stability. The analysis comprises of the study of multiple mesh profiles required to calculate …
Published in Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 48–55 Read article