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15 articles for “macrophages”
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Decoding the Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Macrophage Interplay: From Immune Defense to Pathogen Persistence
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and has been responsible for over one billion deaths worldwide over the past two centuries, remaining a major global health challenge despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The barriers that make tuberculosis difficult to treat and eliminate are inextricably tied to its intracellular habitat. However, a research gap lies in understanding the molecular mechanisms of its survival and …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Immune Dysregulation and Cytokine Circuitry in Genital Endometriosis: Mechanistic Insights and Next-Generation Immunotherapeutic Strategies
Abstract: Genital endometriosis is increasingly recognized as an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder driven by complex interactions between dysregulated immune cells, cytokine hubs, and microbiome-derived modulators. This review introduces a novel “immune–cytokine circuitry” framework that unifies innate and adaptive immune abnormalities with key cytokine loops sustaining chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and immune tolerance. Within this circuitry, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell immaturity, NK-cell anergy, Treg expansion, Th17 amplification, and B-cell–mediated autoimmunity converge to establish …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 06–16 Read article
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Exprimental Study on the Protective Action of rhGM-CSF for Acute Lung Injury
Abstract: Anti-cancer agents and radiation therapies result in various complications on respiratory systems like interstitial pneumonia, acute lung damage, bacterial pneumonia and pneumomycosis in clinical oncology. Recently it is being interested in variable rolls of GM-CSF to protect the lungs. We infuse the ethyl alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to damage lung orally, and then inject GM-CSF subcutaneously at the same time and then observe the changes of lung tissue. As a …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 4–8 Read article
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An Immunohistochemical Study to Assess the Role of Myofibroblasts in Diagnosing and Predicting the Outcome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Abstract: Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 94% of all oral malignancies, hence establishing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as one of the top 10 most prevalent malignant tumors. Cells with several functions, such as macrophages and myofibroblasts, play a vital role in the biological behavior of tumors. This study aimed to assess and evaluate the prevalence of myofibroblasts (MF) and macrophages in SCCs occurring in the oral region. …
Published in International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 13–17 Read article
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Gold Nanoparticle Size, Biodistribution, and Toxicity: Insights from DualEnergy CT
Abstract: Dual-energy and spectral computed tomography (CT) have emerged as powerful platforms for noninvasive, quantitative mapping of nanoparticle biodistribution in vivo. By exploiting the energy-dependent attenuation profiles of high-atomic-number (high-Z) materials, these systems enable material decomposition and element-specific imaging, thereby distinguishing nanoparticle signals from those of soft tissues and conventional iodinated contrast agents. Photon-counting spectral CT further enhances this capability by binning individual photons into multiple energy channels, improving spatial resolution, …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 22–34 Read article
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Anti-tuberculosis Effects of the Extracts from Humulus japonicus and Humulus lupulus in in vitro and ex-vivo TB Models
Abstract: AbstractObjectives: Anti-tuberculosis effects of Humulus japonicus and Humulus lupulus were evaluated in in vitro direct killing ability and in ex-vivo indirect killing ability through human macrophages. Methods: H37Rv or XDR strain or NTM was treated with Crude extracts of Humulus japonicas and Humulus lupulus to estimate the MIC(Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) or MKC(Minimal Killing Concentration). Results: The MIC or MKC of the extracts of Humulus japonicus was 31.2 µg/ml for H37Rv …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 40–49 Read article
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Multiple Sclerosis: A Brief Overview of the Disease, Its Pharmacotherapy
Abstract: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder mostly affecting individuals aged between 20-40. In this disorder, the optic, vertebral, and central nervous system nerves are primarily impacted. It is a neurological condition that worsens over time and is characterized by inflammation and the breakdown of the sheath that surrounds and shields the nerve fiber. Common symptoms may include muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, fatigue, vertigo, tremor, vision complications, pain, Lhermitte sign, sexual …
Published in International Journal of Brain Sciences · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review on Prospecting of Anticancer Molecules from Fungi & Other Microbes
Abstract: Marine biota; namely, actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, microalgae, green algae, oceanic weeds, mangroves, and other extremophiles constitute about 90% of the oceanic biomass. The organisms are taxonomically diverse, biologically productive/active, and biochemically unique. These unique biochemiques may act as a great source for the discovery of new bioactive molecules, including anticancer drugs. The marines produce medicinally potent biochemicals; namely, sulfated saccharides, polyphenols, and, sterols. Only a few of these alkaloids have …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–22 Read article
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Decoding Innate Immunity: Mechanisms, Components, and Clinical Implication
Abstract: Innate immunology represents the body's first line of defense against pathogens, acting as a rapid, non-specific response to a wide array of microbial invaders. This part of the immune system depends on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the activation of immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. The innate immune system also plays a crucial role …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Anthrax Toxin Time-Resolved Absorption and Resonance FT-IR and Raman Biospectroscopy and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Investigation of Vibronic-Mode Coupling Structure in Vibrational Spectra Analysis
Abstract: Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin that is secreted by the bacterium's virulent strains, the anthrax causative agent Bacillus anthracis. Harry Smith first found the toxin in 1954. Anthrax toxin consists of a protein called a protective antigen (PA) binding cell protein and two enzyme parts called an edema factor (EF) and a deadly factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 23–51 Read article
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Recent Advancement in Understanding the Aetiopathogenesis of Psoriasis: A Review
Abstract: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with periods of recurrence and remission. Various researches have globally explored the aetiopathogenesis of psoriasis but still it is not crystal clear. Abundant evidence suggest that dysregulation of immune cells in the skin, particularly keratinocytes, T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and macrophages play a vital role in the development of psoriasis. The combined effects of these cells explain most of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 9–21 Read article
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Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Sources and Therapeutic Potential for Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer
Abstract: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a group of multipotent adult stem cells that are responsible for lifelong production of all types of functional blood cells comprising myeloid (monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes), megakaryocytes/platelets, red blood cells (erythrocyte), T-cells, B-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells and dendritic cells (DCs). HSCs have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various tissues. These remarkable properties of HSCs make them an ideal tool for tissue …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 6–14 Read article
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Immunology and Immunotherapy of Pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review
Abstract: Lung cancer is the world's second leading cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Approximately 80% of all lung cancer is caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to lack of early detection and treatment, the incidence rate of lung cancer prognosis remains low. CD4+T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are among the immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 15–25 Read article
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Impact of Hexavalent Chromium on Histopathology in Freshwater Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes Fossilis
Abstract: Acute toxicity of Cr (VI) (as K2Cr2O7) to freshwater stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis and its histopathological impacts on gill and liver tissue were evaluated. Fish showed behavioral alterations after K2Cr2O7 exposure and 96 h-LC50 was 35.724 mg/L in static bioassay. Fish were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations (concentration I=1/4th of 96 h-LC50, concentration II=1/10th of 96 h-LC50 and concentration III=environmental concentration of Cr reported in the river Buriganga). Blood, liver …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 12–19 Read article
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Computational Analysis of Microarray Gene Expression Profiling in Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major
Abstract: Leishmaniasis is one of the most deadly diseases in which the human genes are affected and gets altered expression. The genes of Leishmania species which are responsible for causing leishmaniasis are not known yet. The objective behind this study is to know about the genes which are differentially expressed (DE) when macrophage of mice is infected with Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major. It also aims to know the similarities of …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–14 Read article