Search
18 articles for “inflammatory mediators”
-
Metabolic Syndrome in Psoriatic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease affecting the skin and joints. Studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Material and Method: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2023 and October 2024, including participants with and without …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 17–23 Read article
-
The Prognostic Efficacy of Inflammatory Indicators in Determining the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system, presenting with diverse clinical symptoms and manifestations. This study investigates the diagnostic potential of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in detecting MS attacks among relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients seeking care in the emergency department (ED). The research focused on RRMS patients who presented to the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
-
Ilaj bil-Ma’ (Hydrotherapy) as a Regimenal Modality in Pain Management: Conceptual Foundations in Unani Medicine and Modern Correlation
Abstract: Waja‘ (pain) is one of the most common clinical complaints encountered worldwide and remains a leading cause of disability, impaired functional capacity, and diminished quality of life. In the Unani system of medicine, pain is not considered merely a symptom but a significant manifestation of disturbed physiological balance. Classical Unani scholars describe pain as arising from derangement in Mizāj (temperament), imbalance of Akhlāṭ (humours), Sudad (obstruction within bodily channels), Waram …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 12–19 Read article
-
Immune Dysregulation and Cytokine Circuitry in Genital Endometriosis: Mechanistic Insights and Next-Generation Immunotherapeutic Strategies
Abstract: Genital endometriosis is increasingly recognized as an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder driven by complex interactions between dysregulated immune cells, cytokine hubs, and microbiome-derived modulators. This review introduces a novel “immune–cytokine circuitry” framework that unifies innate and adaptive immune abnormalities with key cytokine loops sustaining chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and immune tolerance. Within this circuitry, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell immaturity, NK-cell anergy, Treg expansion, Th17 amplification, and B-cell–mediated autoimmunity converge to establish …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 06–16 Read article
-
Impact of Hypoxia on Cardiopulmonary Adaptation in Canines: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Hypoxia triggers a series of cardiopulmonary responses that play an important role in oxygen delivery and the continuation of physiological activity in mammals. Canines are also a useful translational model of study to examine these adaptive responses because of their anatomical, physiological, and cardiopulmonary differences with humans. This review summarizes the experimental data of acute, subacute and chronic hypoxia in dogs with particular focus on the variations in cardiac functioning, …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 13–24 Read article
-
Exploring the Botanical and Pharmacological Significance of Aristolochia rotunda Linn (Zarawand Mudahraj): Traditional Uses, Habitat, and Bioactive Potential
Abstract: The plant Aristolochia rotunada Linn (Zarawand Mudahraj) is a member of the Aristolochiaceae family. Its rhizomes are the most valuable portion utilised in the pharmaceutical industry, mostly because of their abundance in bioactive compounds. The medicinal plant Aristolochia rotunda Linn exhibits a spectrum of pharmacological activities essential for combating hyper-uricaemia-induced inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and NF-κB p65 protein expression, crucial in synovial tissue. …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 33–39 Read article
-
Nutrient-Mediated Activation of Cellular Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights into Attenuation of Toxin Induced Inflammation in Food Animals
Abstract: Dietary and environmental toxins remain a persistent challenge in food animal production, where subclinical and clinical inflammation compromises health, productivity, and food safety. Toxin induced inflammation is driven by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated immune signaling, resulting in impaired metabolic efficiency and increased disease susceptibility. Recent advances in nutritional science have revealed that nutrients act not only as substrates for growth but also as signaling molecules capable of modulating …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
-
Toxicological Profiling and Safety Assessment of NASAT 2.0: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Nanoparticle Therapy in Rabies
Abstract: Rabies, caused by the highly neurotropic Rabies lyssavirus, remains one of the most enigmatic and universally lethal infectious diseases known to modern medicine. Once clinical symptoms manifest following successful neuroinvasion, the fatality rate approaches absolute certainty (approximately 99.9%), a staggering statistic that has remained largely unchallenged despite massive, concurrent advances in modern virology, critical care medicine, and cellular immunology. Current late-stage therapeutic protocols, most notably the widely debated Milwaukee Protocol, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–19 Read article
-
Exploring Antimalarial Activity of Chalcone Derivatives through QSAR
Abstract: Background: The core structure of chalcones contains a reactive α,β-unsaturated system within the aromatic rings, which plays a key role in mediating various biological effects. These effects include enzyme inhibition, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory properties, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, and anti-filarial actions.Modifying the structure by introducing substituent groups to the aromatic ring can enhance potency, reduce toxicity, and expand their range of pharmacological actions. Methods: A total of …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–6 Read article
-
Gut Microbial Metabolites in Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Neurologic Disorders.
Abstract: The human gut microbiota transforms dietary and hostderived substrates into a diverse array of metabolites—including shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), bile acid derivatives, indoles, trimethylamine Noxide (TMAO), branchedchain amino acid (BCAA) derivatives, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—that act as key signaling mediators along epithelial, immune, endocrine, and neural axes. These metabolites regulate barrier integrity, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and gut–brain communication and are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 58–64 Read article
-
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Stem Cell Therapies Perspectives for It
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, primarily affecting synovial joints, leading to joint destruction and systemic complications. The pathogenesis involves immune system dysregulation, autoantibody production, and enzymatic imbalances. Enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), serine proteases, and kinases, play crucial roles in these processes. Their dysregulation contributes significantly to disease progression through the imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. MMPs, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
-
Lactoferrin: An Overview
Abstract: Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein synthesized predominantly in mammary glands of animals. Lf is majorly found in milk and colostrum of livestock and mouse. The presence of Lf in indigenous breeds of cattle has a significant role in exerting immunoprotection. Studies have highlighted the significant activities of Lf viz., anti-parasitic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial, and growth factor activator in cell cultures. The capacity of Lf to bind to …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology Read article
-
Phytotherapeutic Potential of Melaleuca: An Integrative Review of Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Antiviral Mechanisms
Abstract: Melaleuca alternifolia and other species of the Melaleuca genus stand out for the broad spectrum of pharmacological properties attributed to their bioactive compounds, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and polyphenols. This study aimed to critically review and analyze scientific evidence produced between 2005 and 2025 regarding the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Melaleuca, correlating its phytochemistry with molecular mechanisms of action. For this purpose, an integrative literature review …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
A Review on Kaempferol Eye Drops for the Glaucoma Treatment
Abstract: One of the main causes of permanent blindness, glaucoma is defined by gradual damage to the optic nerve, mostly brought on by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and high intraocular pressure (IOP). The investigation of herbal alternatives is necessary since current synthetic therapies, such as beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogs, frequently result in ocular discomfort, systemic toxicity, and poor patient compliance. Clitoria ternatea contains kaempferol, a bioactive flavonoid that has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 110–121 Read article
-
Psoriasis: Latest Trends in Treatment, Diagnosis and Management in Medical Science
Abstract: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory and autoimmune skin disease that primarily affects the skin. It affects about 2–4% of the world populations. It is clinically characterized by skin rashes, highly inflamed red scale itchy plaque. Abundant therapeutic agents are accessible for the treatment of psoriasis. Wide range of therapeutic mediators such as coal tar, topical corticosteroids, anthralin, retinoid, calcineurin inhibitors, methotrexate, cyclosporine are proven to be effective in treating …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology Read article
-
Drug Induced Immune Mediated Nephritis: Molecular Mechanism , Pathways and Clinical Implications
Abstract: Drug-induced immune-mediated nephritis (DI-IMN) has become a more widely known cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), with the potential for development to chronic kidney disease if not detected and treated promptly. T-cell hypersensitivity to pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunological drugs, are the major causes for it. Beyond clinical burden, DI-IMN reflectsintricate molecular interactions that sustain interstitial inflammation and tubular injury. These interactions include …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 13–29 Read article
-
Identification of Secondary Metabolites from Zingiber officinale as Inhibitors for Keap 1-Nrf2 small Molecules through Molecular Docking Techniques
Abstract: Objective: Therapeutic plants aid in treating cancer-based cell signaling pathways and preventing certain risk factors. Zingiber officinale has a variety of anti-inflammatory characteristics also contributing to enhanced immunity, reducing cancer risk and used to target the KEAP NRF2. When overexpressed in response to oxidative stress and DNA damage, elevates the risk of developing multiple cancers. NRF2 cellular sensors, which also control and coordinate their expression aid in defending healthy cells …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 35–48 Read article
-
Demodex spp. (Acari: Demodicidae) Infestation in Humans: Diagnostic Clues and Therapeutic Approaches to Primary and Secondary Demodicosis.
Abstract: Demodicosis represents an inflammatory dermatosis and adnexal disorder arising from pathologic overgrowth of Demodex mites, primarily Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, which are ubiquitous human ectoparasites residing in pilosebaceous units and eyelid margins. Once regarded as benign commensals, these mites are now recognized as primary drivers or key cofactors in diverse clinical phenotypes, including papulopustular eruptions, pityriasis folliculorum, rosacea-like disorders, blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, and exacerbations of comorbid dermatoses such …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 12–20 Read article