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44 articles for “hybrid routing”
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A Comparative Study of MANET Routing Protocols
Abstract: Routing is a demanding issue in mobile ad-hoc network. Mobile means moving geographically and ad hoc means impermanent without any fixed infrastructure so mobile ad hoc networks are a kind of momentary networks in which nodes are moving without any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. The infrastructure less and the dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of networking strategies to be implemented in order to provide efficient uninterrupted …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Analysis of AODV & DSR Routing Protocols in Presence of Malicious Nodes for Hybrid Network
Abstract: Routing in hybrid network is emerging area of research due to different connectivity of network. Hybrid network is a combination of wireless and wired networks. It is very difficult to route a packet in both the network using single protocol. The existing routing protocols are not able to perform in both the network simultaneously. On the other hand if any node behaving like malicious and creates attack on network, than …
Published in Recent Trends in Parallel Computing · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 27–33 Read article
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Analysis Of Routing Protocols In Manet
Abstract: Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) may be set up without any infrastructure or centralized controller. It could be built quickly in rural regions, military zones, and in emergency cases like earthquake. 3 unique types of routing protocols were classified according to their work's nature that are Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid routing protocols. Because of the mobility function of MANET nodes, routing protocols play critical role in determining the network efficiency in …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 13–17 Read article
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A Survey on Classification of Routing Protocol in MANET: PROACTIVE, REACTIVE, HYBRID
Abstract: MANET is a wireless infrastructure-less network, in which the nodes are free to move independently in any direction. A mobile Ad hoc network comprises of collection of wireless mobile nodes that are capable of communicating with each other without infrastructure or any centralized administration. There is No wired infrastructure is required to form a network. Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic wireless network in which each mobile node acts …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 33–38 Read article
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Performance Analysis of AODV, OLSR and GRP Routing Protocols in MANET
Abstract: AbstractThis paper aims to compare performance of three routing protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANET’s). A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point, infrastructure, or centralized administration. In present study, a comparison of reactive routing protocol i.e., Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), proactive routing protocol i.e., Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and hybrid routing …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Critical Review on Multifunctional Polymer Composites for Weight Reduction and AI Based Battery Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles
Abstract: The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the need for advanced materials and intelligent control systems capable of improving energy efficiency, driving range, thermal safety, and overall vehicle sustainability. This paper presents a critical review of multifunctional polymer composites and artificial intelligence-based battery thermal management systems (AI-BTMS) for next-generation EV applications. Polymer composites reinforced with carbon fibers, graphene, boron nitride, nanoclays, and carbon nanotubes offer significant advantages over …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 603–619 Read article
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Comparative Performance Analysis of AODV, DSDV and ZRP under Various Network Density and Traffic in MANETs
Abstract: AbstractAs in this day and age, remote turns into a rising field for exploration; portable ad hoc network (MANETs) is a player in remote innovation. In MANETs, there are responsive (AODV), proactive (DSDV) and half breed (ZRP) steering conventions. This paper gives the execution examination of these diverse steering conventions under different system thickness and movement utilizing ns-2 test system. The investigation of this examination gives which steering convention is …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 9–16 Read article
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A Comparative Analysis of Different Routing Protocols in WSN
Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of small sized sensor nodes that collects the data and sends to base terminal. The important issue in the field of WSN is the power supply by the batteries and routing protocol planning and engineering. The basic aim of these protocols is to reduce the energy consumption. In the present paper different routing protocols like Geographic and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR), Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed …
Published in Recent Trends in Parallel Computing · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Production of Injection Moulded Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites and Assessment of Hybridization’s Effect on Mechanical Properties
Abstract: Over the past two decades, rising environmental awareness, public concern over waste, and stricter government regulations have encouraged companies to reduce their reliance on petroleum-based fuels and products. Consequently, there is a clear need to find sustainable, eco-friendly substitutes for the materials currently in use. This shift has renewed attention on renewable resources and sparked wider interest in advanced composites and green materials research. With this in mind, the present …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 246–271 Read article
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Characterization of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates Modified with MWCNT–Al₂O₃ Hybrid Nanofillers
Abstract: Enhancing the performance of fibre-reinforced polymer composites increasingly involves the integration of nanoscale additives that can improve strength, toughness, and overall durability. In the present investigation, woven E-glass/epoxy laminates were modified using a hybrid nanofiller system consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles. The two nanomaterials were combined in a 2:4 proportion and introduced into the epoxy matrix at total loadings of 1%, 3%, and 5% …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 350–368 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review of Green Hybrid Polymer–Inorganic Composite Systems Incorporating Palm Tree Ash and Titanium Dioxide
Abstract: The increasing requests on sustainable and high performance systems have motivated extensive investigations on polymer-based hybrid systems with bio-derived and/or functional inorganic fillers. In this review, the importance of palm tree ash (PTA) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as synergistic fillers for polymer–inorganic hybrid composites, particularly about structure–property relations, interfacial adhesion and durability performance, is discussed. Agricultural waste-derived palm tree ash (PTA) plays as a silica-rich filler which not only aids …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1811–1820 Read article
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Advancing Conductive Ink Formulations for DIW with Graphene and Hybrid Nanostructures
Abstract: The development of solvent-based conductive inks for direct ink writing (DIW) has gained significant attention as a pathway toward flexible, wearable, and scalable electronic devices. This review critically examines conductive fillers, binders, solvent systems, and hybrid ink strategies reported in recent literature. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remain the most studied fillers due to their high intrinsic conductivity and unique dimensionality, but challenges such as restacking, bundling, and high viscosity …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 36–49 Read article
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A Comparative Study of Routing Protocols and Artificial Intelligence in Manets
Abstract: Decentralized networks called Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) allow mobile nodes to dynamically connect to one another without the need for fixed infrastructure. An overview of MANETs is given in this work, along with a discussion of their features, uses, and difficulties. It explores how routing protocols, such as proactive, reactive, and hybrid protocols, are categorized in MANETs and provides examples and features for each. It also examines the performance …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 31–38 Read article
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Intelligent Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) System for Optimized Material Handling
Abstract: This project is the development of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) system that has been developed to handle materials in the high-accuracy, reliability, and efficiency in industrial settings. The AGV is a combination of a blend of advanced technologies including sensor fusion, real-time path planning, and AI-based navigation to allow smooth and intelligent operation with minimal human intervention. The vehicle is able to efficiently identify, and evade obstacles by using …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Intelligent Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) System for Optimized Material Handling
Abstract: This project is the development of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) system that has been developed to handle materials in the high-accuracy, reliability, and efficiency in industrial settings. The AGV is a combination of a blend of advanced technologies including sensor fusion, real-time path planning, and AI-based navigation to allow smooth and intelligent operation with minimal human intervention. The vehicle is able to efficiently identify, and evade obstacles by using …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Recent Routing Protocols in UAV Networks: Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Abstract: Routing protocols enable reliable communication in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks, particularly Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), amid high-speed 3D mobility, dynamic topologies, and energy limits. Key challenges include intermittent links due to mobility, limited energy resources, variable network density, and the need to minimize end-to-end delay while maximizing throughput and fault tolerance. This paper classifies recent UAV routing protocols into topology-based routing protocols, position-based routing protocols, and hierarchical-based routing protocols. …
Published in International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Engineered Hybrid Nanoclay-Infused Nano-Polymers for Multifunctional Anti-Corrosive Coatings
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with layered nanofillers have emerged as an effective route to enhance structural stability in protective coating applications. Polymer–clay nanocomposites also provide a promising route to enhance mechanical robustness and environmental durability in coating systems. In this study, a hybrid epoxy–polyurethane (EPU) coating was reinforced using organo-modified montmorillonite (o-MMT) and layered double hydroxide intercalated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (LDH–MBT). Uniform dispersion and interfacial anchoring between the nanoclays and polymer chains …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 40–53 Read article
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Fabrication and Assessment of Tribological Performance of Nickel-Graphene-MXene Hybrid Nano-composites
Abstract: As industries such as aerospace, automotive, defence, and electronics demand materials with superior wear resistance, high strength, and thermal stability, traditional metals are reaching their performance limits. Hybrid nanocomposites offer a pathway to meet these stringent requirements. In this study, novel Nickel-Graphene-MXene hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder metallurgy route, incorporating varying weight percentages (up to 2 wt.%) of MXene and 1 wt.% graphene nanosheets into a nickel matrix …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 780–798 Read article
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Enhancement of Mechanical Properties in Eutectic Al-Si Alloy Matrix Composites Reinforced with Kyanite and Graphite via Stir Casting
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to enhance the mechanical performance of a eutectic Al–Si alloy by incorporating hard ceramic (kyanite) and soft solid lubricant (graphite) reinforcements using a liquid-state stir casting route. Metal matrix composites were fabricated with kyanite contents of 2, 4, and 6 wt.% and a constant 2.5 wt.% graphite. Their microstructures and mechanical properties were systematically evaluated. The microstructure was examined using optical microscopy and energy …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 90–100 Read article
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A Study on Applications and Trust in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Abstract: AbstractMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network of mobility nodes; it is a self-structured network. Each device can communicate with another device, i.e. it is also a multi hop network. Some security goals are presented which are: authentication, integrity, availability, confidentiality etc. Routing protocols are declared in this paper, that are reactive, hybrid and proactive in nature. In MANET, trust will be outlined as a stage of belief, …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article