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International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review Original Research

Recent Routing Protocols in UAV Networks: Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions

  1. Ali H. Wheeb Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad

Abstract

Routing protocols enable reliable communication in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks, particularly Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), amid high-speed 3D mobility, dynamic topologies, and energy limits. Key challenges include intermittent links due to mobility, limited energy resources, variable network density, and the need to minimize end-to-end delay while maximizing throughput and fault tolerance. This paper classifies recent UAV routing protocols into topology-based routing protocols, position-based routing protocols, and hierarchical-based routing protocols. It reviews mechanisms, including predictive clustering and energy-aware metrics, addresses challenges like link failures and scalability, and compares performances via simulations, showing the superiority of hybrids in terms of throughput and packet delivery.

Keywords

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