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73 articles for “Flame”
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Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Abstract: This review explores essential flame-retardant polymers that play a vital role in various industries such as electrical & electronics, automobile, manufacturing, and firefighting. This review also highlights the latest progress in the design and synthesis of flame-retardant polymers, highlighting novel approaches such as the incorporation of nanomaterials, bio-based flame retardants, and the use of intumescent systems. Recent advancements include high-throughput screening, computational design, bio-based and sustainable flame retardants, self-healing materials, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 5, 2024 · pp. 125–132 Read article
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Laminar Propagation of Lean-Premixed Flames in Meso-scale Tubes
Abstract: A meso-scale channel was earlier developed [1] for the propagation of laminar lean premixed flames. This paper, therefore, reports the experimental variations of flame speed with inner meso-scale tube diameters (di), equivalence ratio (φ), and mixture flow rate (Q) with methane and propane fuels using the meso-scale channel developed earlier. Based on the flame front history, flame speed (SL) and propagation speed (Ud) were computed at temperature (T) greater than …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 17–28 Read article
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Flame Phenomenology for Premixed Methane and Propane/Air in Developed Meso-scale Channels at Ambient Conditions
Abstract: This paper reports the development of a meso-scale channel for propagation of methane and propane-air mixtures at low Reynolds number. An experiment was conducted in 3, 4 and 5 mm internal quartz tube diameters at premixed conditions of the fuel/air. The tubes were vertically mounted and sometimes preheated uniformly laterally. Uniformly laterally heating gives a zero temperature gradient. Flame phenomenology at different equivalence ratios (φ) of the mixture was discussed. …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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Design and Implementation of Automatic Flame Detection and Tracking
Abstract: Fire accidents pose important risks to life, property, and the environment, making early detection and fast suppression vital. This paper presents the design and application of an automatic flame detection and suppression system using Arduino Uno. The system uses flame devices to notice the presence and direction of flame, while the Arduino Uno processes the sensor data to control engines for sensor site and water pumping. The design joins two …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–14 Read article
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Automatic Flame Detection and Tracking
Abstract: Recent advancements in independent robotics, embedded systems, and intelligent perception have appreciably improved the capability of firefighting robots designed for early fire detection, flame localization, and suppression. A broad range of studies explores vision-based and sensor-fusion techniques designed for reliable flame discovery in complex environments. Image-processing approaches—including adaptive edge-detection, infrared/thermal imaging, color-space analysis, and profound learning—are extensively implement to enhance real-time fire gratitude, even in the presence of smoke or …
Published in International Journal of Advanced Robotics and Automation Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 6–12 Read article
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Effect of Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Cellulose FiberThermoplastic Composites
Abstract: In this work, recycled cellulose fiber and two different types of flame retardants, including magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) with smaller particle size and zinc borate with antimony trioxide (ZB-AT), were heavily combined with thermoplastic polymer to create a fire retardant composite. Composites were made using a melt-blending technique and injection molding, which have a number of benefits like being inexpensive, being able to get rid of industrial materials, and having superior …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Deposition of Antimony Trioxide on the Composite Surface to Increase Its Flame Retardancy
Abstract: In the present work, the preparation method of antimony trioxide and its thermal properties were extracted, as well as identified the manufacturing method to form an insulation layer from this oxide as a thickness of the covering layer (2 mm), deposited on the composite material consisting of unsaturated polyester resin and glass fiber which acts as a paste and take for the material to the insulation and flame retardant oxide. …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–3 Read article
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Heat Transfer and Exergy Analysis of Methane-Air Flame Impinging on Plane Surfaces
Abstract: Exergy and heat flow have been numerically investigated for flame impinging on flat circular plates. The maximum work available when the system is brought to thermodynamic equilibrium state with its surrounding is known as the exergy of a system. This state of equilibrium of the system depends on the pressure, temperature, and composition of environment. Efficiency based on exergy is otherwise known as the second-law efficiency which measures the usefulness …
Published in Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 13–24 Read article
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Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problems through Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm
Abstract: AbstractThis paper proposes the nature-inspired moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm to solve the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of power system. The ELD is a concept where the committed generating units are scheduled to meet the total power demanded by the residential area. The ELD problems are solved by the optimization process of the objective function, hence optimization is done by minimizing the total fuel cost function of the generating …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 25–33 Read article
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Experimentation of Flame Stabilization Using Flat Plate Gutter Made of Porous Material for Afterburner Applications
Abstract: Present experimental study is focused on the flat plate gutter made of different porous materials is to stabilize the flames for afterburner applications. The porous materials used for the gutters as a flame holder are Silicon Carbide (SiC), Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3). The porous material flat plate gutters with different orientation angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° to the main stream flow. The flat plate …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 71–76 Read article
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Flame Spraying of Polymer-Abrasive Composites
Abstract: Polymer-based abrasive tools are distinguished by higher elasticity and resistance to chemically active media compared to tools with metal and ceramic binders. The former are effective at processing complex-profile and non-rigid surfaces. Tools based on coatings containing abrasive phenol- formaldehyde/epoxy resins and vulcanites are characterized by high cost and toxicity. In this paper, a study of composite flame-sprayed coatings, consisting of thermoplastic polymers and silicon carbide (volume ratio of 50-50), …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 96–104 Read article
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Effect of Ply Orientation on Thermal Erosion and Conductivity of Silica Phenolic Composites Under Oxy-Acetylene Flame
Abstract: The thermal and erosion performance of fiber-reinforced composites is highly sensitive to fiber architecture, matrix chemistry, and processing techniques, factors that have shaped development of advanced thermal protection systems (TPS) over past two decades. Silica phenolic (SP) composites, in particular, are widely employed in aerospace and defense applications due to their flame resistance, char stability, and ability to withstand severe thermal shock. However, optimizing thermal conductivity while improving erosion resistance …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 273–283 Read article
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Smart Firefighting Robot using Arduino Uno
Abstract: A fire is dangerous and can have many repercussions. Numerous accidents can be avoided by promptly identifying and putting out a fire. Human resources have been our mainstay thus far. The person's life is often in jeopardy as a result. Consequently, fire safety becomes essential to save lives. The fire extinguishing robot proposed and designed in this work locates the fire and utilizes sprinklers to extinguish it when the pump …
Published in International Journal of Electronics Automation · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 21–27 Read article
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IoT Based Rotating Firefighting Semi-Autonomous Robot
Abstract: The employment of technology to prevent fires is essential because they are a serious threat. One example of how technology can be used to put out fires while reducing the risk to human life is a fire-fighting robot. In this project, a fire-fighting robot was created to locate and put out fires. The robot's ability to detect flames in all four directions is provided by a combination of flame sensors, …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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Levels of Essential and Non-essential Metals in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Samples Collected from Different Locations of East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Abstract: User 14.00 The concentrations of essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co and Ni) and non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) in garlic samples were determined using flame photometer for Na and K, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the rest of the metals. The samples were collected from four agricultural areas (Debre Markos, Dejen, Bichena and Debre Werk), East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. Wet digestion method …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 10–19 Read article
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Gas Leakage Alert and Fire Detection System Using GSM Module
Abstract: As we know that LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is a common source of fuel that can be found in every household for cooking and various other purposes but in recent years, there has been an increase due to LPG leakage. Leakage of gas and home fires are the cause of loss in both material and human life. Gas leakage can cause various accidents by suffocation, firing, and explosion. As you …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Application of Thermal Spray Coatings for Corrosion Control in Oil and Gas Refineries
Abstract: In today’s context, Thermal Spray Coating (TSC) has emerged as a highly durable and reliable alternative to traditional Hot-Dip Galvanizing (HDG). It is increasingly being adopted for both new and existing industrial structures due to its long-lasting protection—often exceeding 25 years—while requiring little to no maintenance. Unlike HDG, which cannot be welded on-site and often poses challenges with repair methods such as liquid coating or cold spray, TSC offers greater …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 106–115 Read article
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Engineering Polymer Innovations for Improved Battery Safety and Vehicle Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are high-power systems that require high-quality materials to ensure safety, reliability, and performance under extreme operating conditions. Polymer materials have become critical engineering materials in meeting these requirements due to their lightweight nature, design flexibility, durability, and high electrical insulation capability. Consequently, polymers are widely used in key EV components, including battery enclosures, module frames, thermal interface materials, wiring insulation, and lightweight structural parts.Recent developments in polymer …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 500–512 Read article
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Autonomous Fire Suppression Robot Based on Arduino
Abstract: Fire hazards continue to pose serious risks in homes, workplaces, and industrial facilities, making rapid detection and early suppression crucial for minimizing damage and protecting lives. This paper presents the design and development of an autonomous fire suppression robot built around an Arduino- based control system. The robot is engineered to independently detect, approach, and extinguish small fires with minimal human interaction. It incorporates multiple sensing components, including flame sensors …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Robotics · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 26–32 Read article
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A Review on Social Distancing ID Card
Abstract: The frequency of fire accidents in homes, industries, and public spaces has increased due to electrical faults, human negligence, and flammable materials. Traditional fire-fighting systems often depend on human presence and manual intervention, which delays the response time. To overcome this limitation, this project presents an Automatic Fire Extinguisher System based on Arduino and IoT technology for real- time detection and suppression of fire. Gas, temperature, and flame sensors are …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 28–38 Read article