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12 articles for “FSM”
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Study of Finite State Machines as Language Recognizer
Abstract: Finite State Machines (FSMs) play a fundamental role in computer science and linguistics as language recognizers. This study presents an exploration of the principles and applications of FSMs as efficient tools for recognizing formal languages. The study delves into the theoretical foundations of FSMs and their practical implementation in various language recognition tasks. The fundamental ideas of FSMs, including as states, transitions, and input symbols, are introduced in this study. …
Published in International Journal of Data Structure Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Processing and Characterization of Ni2MnSn FSMA
Abstract: Among Ferromagnetic Shape Memory alloys (FSMAs), Ni2MnSn Heusler alloys owing to occurrence of large magnetic field induced strain (> 10%) along with other interesting properties like premartensitic transition, high transformation temperature, large magnetocaloric effect and low stress of twin variant rearrangement. The prominent challenges facing the design and utilization of these specialized alloys are a limited range of operating temperatures, phase transformations that have high sensitivity to variations in composition, …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1-3, 2012 · pp. 154–159 Read article
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Compact Fork-shaped Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth, WLAN and Wi-MAX Applications
Abstract: This paper presents a fork-shaped monopole antenna (FSMA) with compact size. The proposed FSMA consisting a fork-shaped radiator and a partial ground plane with L-shaped and rectangular slits. The size of the proposed FSMA is 34 × 18 × 1.6 mm3 which is fed by 50Ω microstrip line. The L-shaped slit is introduced in the ground plane to enhance the bandwidth impedance of the proposed FSMA. The proposed antenna achieved …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication Read article
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Automatic Coffee Making Machine Using Verilog HDL
Abstract: This Paper focuses on the design and implementation of a Coffee Machine using Verilog, aimed at understanding how real-life machines can be controlled using digital logic. In daily life, a coffee machine works by taking user inputs, processing them, and giving the required output such as preparing coffee. The main objective of this project is to design a simple digital system that controls the basic working of a coffee machine. …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Design of a 4X4 Network-on-Chip Crossbar Router in a System-on-Chip
Abstract: With the number of IPs increasing in an SoC, there is a need for achieving high bandwidth, low latency, scalable multi-core intercommunication and solve the shortcoming of buses. Network-on-chip is a technology which is a solution for such problems. Network-on-chip solves the problem by implementing a communication network of switches, routers and resources. This paper proposes a design for communication among subsystems between intellectual property cores in an SoC design. …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Compact Fork-shaped Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth, WLAN and Wi-MAX Applications
Abstract: This paper presents a fork-shaped monopole antenna (FSMA) with compact size. The proposed FSMA consisting a fork-shaped radiator and a partial ground plane with L-shaped and rectangular slits. The size of the proposed FSMA is 34×18×1.6 mm3 which is fed by 50Ω microstrip line. The L-shaped slit is introduced in the ground plane to enhance the bandwidth impedance of the proposed FSMA. The proposed antenna achieved 10dB return loss bandwidth …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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LoRa WANET: MAC Protocol Design Approach
Abstract: The evolvement of WANET and IoT across the globe is a necessity to build a system that have better capabilities than the system in place and extend its area of application to a whole new level. LoRaWAN, 6LOWPAN are some of the protocols being used as primary standards in LoRa but these protocols don’t allow to form an ad hoc type of network and provide point to point (P2P) connections. …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Design of Three-Stage Pipelined Floating Point Arithmetic Operators
Abstract: Some embedded systems perform signal processing operations (Fourier transform, filtering) as for example for the recognition voice, high quality audio and control of critical systems (airplane, rocket). This type of operation may require the use of floating numbers. This paper presents the hardware implementation of floating point arithmetic operators for addition, subtraction, multiplication using the IEEE-754 single precision format. Proposed architecture follows two different RTL approach, Melay FSM and multiplexer …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 9–22 Read article
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Intelligent automated railway crossing gate control system
Abstract: The high incidence of accidents at railway level crossings due to human errors and lack of proactive track monitoring is a challenge for rail safety in high-density networks. This paper proposes the development and validation of an intelligent automated railway crossing system- IARCS that leverages sensor fusion and IoT communication to eliminate human dependency and mitigate intrusion risks. The core system deploys an Arduino Uno for the purpose of primary …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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Study and Implementation of I2C Bus Controller using Verilog HDL
Abstract: AbstractInter Integrated Circuit is a Philips semiconductor. This bus is a two-wire, low to medium speed, correspondence transport created by Philips Semi-conductors. It gives capable chip to chip correspondence. I2C is found in for the most part specialized devices. Two bus lines are required SDA and SCL (serial information and serial clock line) both should be pulled up with a resistor to +Vdd. Serial, 8-bit arranged, bidirectional information exchanges can …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 29–33 Read article
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Hardware Optimization of FPGA for I2C Master Protocol and Interfacing with EEPROM Slave
Abstract: This paper focuses on I2C (Inter Integrated Circuit) protocol master controller. I2C protocol was originally given by Philips semiconductors so that faster devices can communicate with slower devices and also allow devices to communicate with each other over serial bus without data loss. The I2C controller provides support for a communication link between integrated circuits and memory units on a board. I2C is a bidirectional serial bus which contains two …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 42–48 Read article
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Design and RTL Implementation for AHB-APB Bridge on SoC
Abstract: The focus of this research is to design and implement an interconnection protocol with 32-bit read/write data which operates on AMBA AHB-APB bridge. With the advent of scaling technology, embedded system focuses more on low-power dissipation and SoCs. Hence processors and routing protocols which focus on low-power design by ARM have gained popularity. In high-speed communication modules, the protocol works efficiently but has limitations with device operating at low speed. …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 44–52 Read article