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108 articles for “Antigen”
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Induction of Specific Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Goats Vaccinated with Fractionated Antigens of Brucella melitensis 16M
Abstract: The present study investigated the ability of different fractionated antigens of Brucella melitensis 16M to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. For this study, soluble Lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein antigens were fractionated by using gel filtration chromatography and found 6, 5 and 5 fractions respectively of each antigen. All the regions of antigens were analyzed for their ability to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. This study investigated that SAG5, LPG1 and OMPG4 induce maximum …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 12–18 Read article
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Computational Identification of Antigenic Proteins and Epitopes in Hantavirus sp. for Drug Repurposing
Abstract: Hantavirus is an emerging virus that spreads from animals to humans and can cause serious illnesses like hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). there are no FDA-approved treatments available for these diseases. This study explores in-silico drug repurposing as a strategy to identify potential therapeutic candidates. The physicochemical, secondary structure, antigenicity, and post-translational modification analysis of hantavirus proteins – specifically the glycoprotein precursor, N protein, …
Published in International Journal of Molecular Biotechnological Research · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 20–26 Read article
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A Comparison of Rapid Card Test with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen [HBsAg] in Tertiary Care Hospital
Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The most important marker for HBV infection is HBsAg. In case of diagnosis of infectious disease, discordant results may have serious consequences among the patients as it causes unnecessary mental stress and tension. For proper diagnosis of infection as well as disease management and prevention, identification of appropriate test kit is necessary. Aims and Objective: …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 27–31 Read article
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Personalised Cancer Vaccination Strategies: Bridging Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Immunotherapy
Abstract: Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body’s immune system to detect and destroy cancer cells. Personalised cancer vaccines are one of the most promising options because they could allow treatment to be based on the specific tumour profile of each person. The goal of these vaccines is to make the immune system recognise and fight cancer-specific antigens, which will lead to strong and long-lasting anti-tumor responses. However, moving …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 Read article
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Direct ELISA-based Reagentless Amperometric Immunosensor for Cancer Antigen 125
Abstract: The authors propose a direct electrochemistry-based reagentless, separation-free, immunosensor for quantification of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) based on direct ELISA technique. HRP-conjugated monoclonal anti-CA125 antibody, helps in direct electron transfer from electroctalytic center of enzyme to electrode on immunocomplex formation via covalent linkage between immobilized tagged antibodies, amino acid coated colloidal gold nanoparticles and electrode. Optimum temperature, pH and incubation time for efficient electron transfer and hence amperometric response of …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2014 Read article
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Seroprevelance of Brucellosis in Goats and Sheeps in Different Regions of India, using B. melitensis Soluble Antigen in Plate-ELISA
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 In present study, we investigated 50 serum samples of goats from CIRG, Makhdoom and 470 serum samples of sheep from an organized animal shed of Northern India. These samples were tested for detection of anti-Brucella antidodies in goats and sheep using plate-ELISA. At total of 24% serum samples (24.4% females and 20% males) from CIRG, Makhdoom and 39.4% serum samples (41.2% …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 46–50 Read article
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Cytotoxic and Antigenotoxicity Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract Against Tobacco Smoke Extract in Allium cepa Cells
Abstract: The present study was objective to determine whether and to what extent Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. S) extract can reduced the genotoxic damage by Cigarette smoking extract on Allium cepa cells. For this purpose, we used onion bulbs were treated with %2 cigarette smoking extract for 12 h, then treated with concentrations 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mg/ml of H.s extract for other 12 h; while negative control in water and positive control …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 17–23 Read article
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Vaccines Through Time: Conventional Foundations and Next-Gen Innovations–Part 1
Abstract: Vaccination serves as a critical pillar of global public health, markedly decreasing infection rates and associated mortality. Traditional vaccine platforms such as live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, and subunit vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium spp., yet they are constrained by antigenic variability, limited immune persistence, and complex production processes. Breakthroughs in synthetic biology, structural antigen design, and computational vaccinology have driven the development of advanced …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–70 Read article
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In-silico Design of Multi-epitope Vaccine for Tackling Type-1 Parainfluenza Virus
Abstract: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) often cause breathing infections, particularly in kids and infants. HPIV-1 is known for causing severe croup, yet no approved vaccines exist for HPIV infections. This study employed an in-silico approach to design a potential vaccine candidate targeting the fusion glycoprotein antigen of HPIV-1. Results highlighted that B-cell and T-cell epitopes were successfully identified from the fusion glycoprotein antigen using in-silico methods. Epitopes passing antigenicity, allergenicity, and …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 30–46 Read article
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Uses of Nanotechnology in Medical Diagnostic Applications
Abstract: Nanoparticle and nanodevice is a boon for mankind to treat and deal with disease and medical diagnosis respectively. Nanotechnology is formed by the unity of chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine restricted to the nanoscale (about 1–100 nanometer (nm)). For example, early detection of malignant tumors and cancer biomarkers, which is impossible using conventional technologies. In here we will discuss nanosized sensors to identify different pathological parameters, foreign antigen and toxic …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Immunological Biomarkers and Epidemiological Evaluation of Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Efforts in Osun State, Nigeria
Abstract: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains a neglected tropical disease affecting millions globally, despite extensive elimination efforts. While the interruption of transmission is a key goal, the long-term immunological effects on individuals with existing complications like elephantiasis remain poorly understood. This study assessed the current transmission status of LF and the haematological profiles of infected individuals across selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 7,388 individuals from …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–30 Read article
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HBsAg Prevalence and Determinant Risk Factors among Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clients Visiting Gondar Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia
Abstract: Globally, an astounding number of people are infected with HBV, HCV and HIV. Due to shared routes of transmission, HBV and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection is common and is an emerging concern in the clinical management of patients because of increased mortality, accelerated hepatic disease progression, and the frequent hepatotoxicity caused by hepatitis B virus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of HBsAg …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 15–20 Read article
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Edible Transgenic Plant Vaccines – An Overview and Update
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE Plants are used as bioreactors to express antigenic molecules to be administered as vaccines. Edible transgenic plant vaccines (ETPV) are plant materials (recombinant protein subunit vaccines), and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine. ETPV are mucosal targeted vaccines where stimulation of both systematic and mucosal immune network takes place and these diminish the utilization of conventional animal or bacterial …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2011 · pp. 6–19 Read article
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A Review Article on the Human Blood Groups in Relation to Healthy Longevity
Abstract: After significant discovery of the ABO blood groups of human beings by Karl Landsteiner, a number of works have been carried out on different types of blood groups like MN type, Q types, etc. and in the same time, number of researches were also carried regarding different aspects of blood groups like its genetic analysis, its inheritance, its role in paternity test, its role in blood transfusion and general physiology …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Host-Pathogen Coevolution: Implications for Immune Evasion and Pathogen Fitness
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Revolutionizing Vaccine Development:The Transformative Role of Bioinformatics in Designing Next-Generation Immunotherapies
Abstract: Vaccines have long been central to the prevention and control of infectious diseases, dramatically reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the modern era, the integration of bioinformatics has revolutionized vaccine development by enabling rapid, precise, and cost-effective identification of potential vaccine targets. This seminar explores the multifaceted applications of bioinformatics in vaccinology, including antigen discovery, epitope prediction, structural modeling, molecular docking, and immunoinformatics-driven vaccine design. Special emphasis is placed on …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 19–33 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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An Overview of ELISA Biochemistry: A Brief Evaluation
Abstract: ELISA, known as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is widely recognized as the most reliable immunoassay method. This technique is highly sensitive and serves the purpose of identifying and measuring various substances such as hormones, antibodies, antigens, glycoproteins, allergens, and proteins. The process involves the formation of antibody–antigen complexes that generate a detectable response, enabling quantification. In response to encountering foreign substances called "antigens," the immune system of an individual produces …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 9–19 Read article
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Analysis of Serum PSA Level and Various Prostatic Pathologies in South-East Rajasthan
Abstract: Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an organ-specific tumor marker secreted by the prostate gland exclusively is frequently asked for investigation among men in the second half of life. Although it is a useful marker in carcinoma prostate, simultaneously it is clinically imprecise as benign and malignant lesions, both can have elevated serum levels of PSA. The objective of this research study was to identify whether or not there is a connection …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 37–44 Read article
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Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design Against Nuclear Protein EBNA3C of Epstein-Barr Virus: An Approach to Treat Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract: Almost 95% of the world’s population is affected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); it is an oncogenic virus of herpes virus family. The nuclear protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNA)-3C of EBV are related to multiple sclerosis (MS) which is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system. Regardless of multiple occurrences of infections due to EBV and shortage of licensed antiviral drugs, there is not much advancement on vaccine designed for …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 62–72 Read article