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1052 articles for “principle”
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Performance Analysis of Fe/SiO2/Fe MTJ and Ni/Al2O3/Ni MTJ-based Magnetoresistive Random Access Memories (MRAMs)
Abstract: This paper reports the first principle simulations of Fe/SiO2/Fe and Ni/Al2O3/Ni magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). A performance analysis has been done based upon the device-level simulations of the two magnetic tunnel junctions followed by the circuit level simulations of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) cell operating with the two MTJs respectively. From the device-level simulations, the two MTJs have been compared with regard to the bias dependence of TMR ratios, …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 1-2-3, 2012 · pp. 92–100 Read article
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Analysis of Water Content in Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids used in Coke Furnace Door Opening through Optical Waveguide
Abstract: AbstractThis paper attempts to measure the concentration of water in fire resistant hydraulic fluids used for opening of door in coke furnace through optical waveguide. The proposed model is a two dimensional photonic crystal structure with glass substrate consisting of air holes. Measurement principle is concentrated on linear variation of photonic band gap (PBG) along with concentration of fire resistant fluids infiltrated in air holes of photonic crystal structure. The …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Smart Carburetor (A New Technology/Methods to Convert All Fuels into Useful Energy/Shaft power/ Engine Power, in Automobiles)
Abstract: The combustion of fuels is and will be in the nearest future a basic way of acquiring the energy, the work of non-materials are used in this equipment or design that transform all fuels into usable energy or shaft power to improve the performance of that particular vehicle. here simply convert all fuels into a homogeneous mixture (which is a little non-homogeneous in chemical nature) and turn all fuel particles …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 19–23 Read article
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Modernization and Digitization in Power Grid Sub-Stations– The Prime tool for Multi Objective Optimization Methods.
Abstract: All Grid Sub-stations has four sections to control, operate and protect the large gamut electrical Power for its smooth flow till to the end customer.1. Generation, Loading, Conversion and Carrier Devices: We have generators as generation device, Motors and other electrical equipment as Loading device, Transformers as conversion device and Electrical Conductors as Carrier device. On technology front in this section, we have not experienced much technological changes. Only the …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 10–18 Read article
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Measuring Concentration and Deconcentration of Urban Form: A Case Study of Rajkot
Abstract: The concept of compact city development has always been a guiding principle for modern day urban planning and has constantly being practiced in most of the developing and developed nations due to its embedded philosophy of having a socially interactive society without urban sprawl. Efficient use of land, protection of environment, reducing trip length of commuters are some of the key benefits, which has been highlighted by the urban planners. …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 23–32 Read article
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Jaccard Index Versus Preferential Attachment: A Comparative Study of Similarity Based Link Prediction Techniques in Complex Networks
Abstract: Link prediction is a critical task in network analysis that aims to forecast potential connections between nodes. Numerous methods have been developed to address this challenge, with similarity-based techniques gaining substantial attention due to their simplicity and effectiveness. This research work presents a comprehensive review of two prominent similarity-based link prediction techniques, namely the Jaccard Index and Preferential Attachment. The Jaccard Index measures the similarity between two nodes based on …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Evaluation of Lakshadi Guggulu, Tiktadi Oil Matra Basti and Tiktadi Ksheer Basti in Asthikshaya w.s.r. to Osteoporosis
Abstract: Osteoporosis has become a public health problem worldwide. In Osteoporosis the bone loses their peak bone mass and becomes weak, fragile and susceptible to fractures at minimum stress. Osteoporosis can be compared with Asthikshaya. Asthis and vata are having direct relationship with each other and reciprocal to each other i.e., if vata increases then it will decrease the bone mass. Basti is supposed to be best treatment for balancing vata …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 27–38 Read article
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Dengue vis-à-vis Paakal Sannipatik Jwara: A Review
Abstract: Dengue is vector borne viral haemorrhagic fever having its epidemic in present time. The disease is having resemblance to Paakal Sannipat Jwara described by Acharya Bhavmishra (18th century). The disease being viral in origin there is no precise medicine and use of antipyretic and antibiotics has very limited role in controlling illness or its complication, the treatment principle adopted in the disease is symptomatic management. Use of antipyretics (esp. salicylates) …
Published in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 62–67 Read article
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Architectural Evolution of RISC Processors: From Early Research Prototypes to Modern Industrial Implementations
Abstract: This paper surveys the architectural evolution of Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architectures from early research prototypes to modern industrial processors, tracing four decades of design refinement across academic, embedded, server, mobile, and open- hardware ecosystems. Core ISA principles, pipeline evolution, compiler–hardware co-design, and quantitative performance modeling are analyzed through four representative industrial implementations: MIPS 74K, SPARC T4, ARM Cortex-A72, and SiFive U74 (RISC-V). Each processor is examined in terms …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 29–39 Read article
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A Review on Arduino Based Distance Measurement Device
Abstract: Distance measurement plays a vital role in modern engineering applications such as robotics, defense systems, automotive safety, industrial automation, and assistive technologies. Traditional measuring tools such as rulers and measuring tapes are simple but not suitable for real-time and dynamic environments. On the other hand, advanced technologies such as LiDAR and radar provide high accuracy but involve high cost and complex implementation. This review paper provides a thorough analysis of …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 40–46 Read article
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Advancements in Analytical Techniques and Validation Methods for Pharmaceutical Tablet Formulations Using HPTLC
Abstract: High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is a versatile analytical technique which has been effectively used for pharmaceutical quality control and cost effectively, rapidly, and high throughput analyzed tablet formulations. HPTLC is different from traditional chromatographic methods as multi sample analysis is possible in one run with low consumption of solvent, which are principles of green analytical chemistry. But existing HPTLC is limited in sensitivity, resolution and reproducibility and these …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Ethics in Business
Abstract: Ethics are an integral part of a company's long-term success. It is defined as the set of moral values or principles. Ethics are defined as the process of distinguishing the right and good from the wrong or bad, and they imply a moral duty to purse the good and right. Over the past decades, we have seen that ethics have become integral part of the business world. Ethics are more …
Published in E-Commerce for Future & Trends · Vol. 1, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 1–2 Read article
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Scientific Way for Empowerment of Women in West Bengal, India through Gram Panchayat
Abstract: Long ago (near about 3,00,000 years before) when human being began to live in group, their leader was women. There were so many groups within the society; all the groups were known as their mother’s name. From that time women were powerful within the society. With the passage of time, which is in the middle of the civilization, man captured their power and became flourished in the society as a …
Published in E-Commerce for Future & Trends · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 12–18 Read article
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Unsupervised Learning Techniques in Neural Network for Face Recognition
Abstract: This paper represents the review of systematic comparison between of unsupervised learning algorithms for face recognition. In neural network, different algorithms are used for face recognition. Each algorithm has different accuracy factors. Commonly these methods asset a set of base images and serve faces as linear combo of images. In our proposed review, firstly we discuss about the face detection using neural network along with the concept of digital image …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Robotics · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Face Recognition Using Neural Networking Algorithms
Abstract: Face recognition system has become quite popular nowadays. It has gained a good attention in recent few years. Face recognition is practically everywhere, in security system for criminal activities, places like airports and international borders, it is needed for identification of people. In the paper, we discussed about three Neural Networking Algorithms used for FR such as Gabor Filter, Principle Component Analysis with Back Propagation Neural Network and Wavelet Transform …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 23–27 Read article
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Empowering Machine Learning: Unraveling Algorithms, Real-world Use Cases, and Evolving Research Trends
Abstract: Machine learning has brought about a revolutionary transformation across numerous industries, offering automated solutions to intricate problems. This article aims to delve into the realm of machine learning algorithms, exploring their real-world applications and the evolving research directions in this rapidly advancing field. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of popular machine learning algorithms, encompassing supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, while elucidating the underlying principles that govern them. …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 70–79 Read article
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Importance of Network Architecture: An Overview
Abstract: Network architecture is the design of a communications network. It includes the physical and logical layout of the network, the framework of accepted standards and specifications of elements, equipment, services, protocols and functions, growth and change assumptions, and high-level operational principles and procedures. Modern networks encompass a variety of architectural and design principles, which must be understood and articulated by a network organization in order to maintain best practices. Standardized …
Published in Journal of Open Source Developments · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 34–38 Read article
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Absorption Refrigeration System through Solar Energy: An Over Review
Abstract: Abstract Recently, types of traditional energy have failed to satisfy the human needs due to their limited quantity as well as their negative environmental impacts. Conventional refrigeration systems mainly based on vapor compression system are major electricity consumers and their refrigerants are being banned by international legislation. It was studied that out of the total energy consumption, a large portion of energy is being used by conventional refrigeration systems. From …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 11–22 Read article
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Displacements in Thick Beams Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE A trigonometric shear deformation theory for displacement of thick beams, by considering the transverse shear deformation effects, is presented. Variables in the present theory are same as that of in the first order shear deformation theory. The sinusoidal function is used in displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent the shear deformation effects. Governing differential equations and various boundary conditions …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 22–30 Read article
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Nature of Reality: Physical, Metaphysical and Mystical Aspects
Abstract: Nature of Reality has been subject of investigations since historical times both in science and religion. The physical interpretation of Reality has experienced a dynamic change from Aristotle to Einstein. Relativity theory and Quantum mechanics have led to formulations of new concepts regarding space, time, matter and reality. Uncertainty Principle by Heisenberg and the concept of dual nature of matter and radiation by Louis de Broglie gave a serious blow …
Published in OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 10–15 Read article