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633 articles for “reduction”
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A Comparative Study of Inorganic and Natural Coagulants for Dairy Wastewater Treatment using Alum Sulphate and Moringa Oleifera
Abstract: The treatment of dairy wastewater is essential to reduce its environmental impact, particularly in terms of organic load and suspended solids. This study investigates the application of alum sulphate as an inorganic coagulant for dairy wastewater treatment and compares its effectiveness with the natural coagulant Moringa oleifera. The performance of both coagulants was evaluated based on key water quality parameters, including pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), …
Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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A Finite Element Analysis to Study the Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Steel Ductility
Abstract: The effect of superimposed hydrostatic pressure on percentage reduction of area (a gauge mark of the ductility) is investigated in round steel bars in tensile stress by employing a finite element analysis (FEA) with 8-node serendipity quadrilateral elements and von Mises plasticity flow rule in an elastoplastic power law hardening model. It is demonstrated that a linear relationship exists between the pressure and percentage reduction of area at any given …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 41–51 Read article
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Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Hollow Bricks Incorporating Aerated Aggregates: A Polymer-Cement Composite Approach
Abstract: The rapid advancement of construction technologies has necessitated the development of lightweight, thermally efficient, and sustainable building materials. Hollow bricks, due to their inherent voids, offer substantial reductions in dead load and enhanced insulation properties. However, their mechanical performance often falls short when compared to conventional solid bricks. To address this limitation, this study explores the synergistic integration of aerated aggregates and polymer-cement composites (PCCs) in hollow brick production. Aerated …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 92–105 Read article
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Effect of Heat Exposure on Structural Integrity of Geopolymer Concrete Composites
Abstract: The research evaluates the thermal degradation effects of high temperatures on Geo Polymer Concrete Composite (GPCC) by examining alccofine concrete, concrete made with alccofine and porcelain waste aggregates. Knowing how GPCC behaves under high temperatures proves essential for protecting buildings during fires as well as industrial applications. Each mix design received composite concrete samples that underwent increased heating conditions from 100°C to 700°C at 200°C intervals. Post-heating, various parameters were …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 318–328 Read article
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Eco-Friendly Steel Making for a Sustainable Future
Abstract: The iron and steel industry is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, accounting for approximately 5% of global energy consumption and contributing around 7% of worldwide CO2 emissions. The industry's carbon footprint is particularly challenging to reduce, as carbon plays a crucial role as a stoichiometric reducing agent in conventional steel production. The reduction of iron ore during the manufacture of primary (virgin) steel is responsible for a sizable amount …
Published in Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 6–31 Read article
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The Kinectics of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Soil: The Concept of Ponderosa Lemon Integrity as Bio-stimulant
Abstract: The kinesics of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in soil: the concept of ponderosa lemon integrity as bio-stimulant with respect to the impact of preparation condition of room and sun-dried was monitored. The kinetic values of the effect of the biostimulant dosage were monitored and the data obtained from the experimental investigation was useful in the computation of the maximum specific rate of the substrate degradation and the dissociation constant of the …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 22–32 Read article
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Fabrication and Assessment of Tribological Performance of Nickel-Graphene-MXene Hybrid Nano-composites
Abstract: As industries such as aerospace, automotive, defence, and electronics demand materials with superior wear resistance, high strength, and thermal stability, traditional metals are reaching their performance limits. Hybrid nanocomposites offer a pathway to meet these stringent requirements. In this study, novel Nickel-Graphene-MXene hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder metallurgy route, incorporating varying weight percentages (up to 2 wt.%) of MXene and 1 wt.% graphene nanosheets into a nickel matrix …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 780–798 Read article
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Design and Implementation of 256-bit Vedic Multiplier on Reconfigurable Platform
Abstract: Multiplication is a fundamental arithmetic operation in digital signal processing and embedded systems. Traditional multiplier architectures often suffer from increased latency and resource utilization when scaled to higher bit widths. Vedic Mathematics, an ancient Indian technique, offers a novel and efficient alternative. This paper presents the design and implementation of a 256-bit Vedic multiplier using the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam Sutra on a reconfigurable hardware platform, specifically FPGA. The proposed architecture decomposes …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 56–65 Read article
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Optimizing Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Coconut Shell Concrete
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of polypropylene (PP) fibre reinforcement on the mechanical properties of coconut shell (CS) concrete. The compressive strength of CS concrete is primarily governed by the strength of CS aggregates, with early-age failure attributed to poor bonding and later-stage failure influenced by aggregate strength. The incorporation of PP fibres significantly enhanced compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. At 28 days, compressive strength increased by 1.2–3.45% in CSF …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–12 Read article
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Low-Power Reconfigurable Digital Filter Design Using FPGA for IoT Edge Devices
Abstract: The rapid evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to an exponential increase in the deployment of edge devices that continuously process real-time sensor data under strict power, latency, and computational constraints. Digital filtering remains a critical operation in these devices, supporting tasks such as noise removal, data conditioning, and feature extraction for intelligent decision-making. However, conventional filter implementations on microcontrollers or fixed digital signal processors often struggle …
Published in International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 23–34 Read article
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New Design Formulae for Safety and Precision in the Fatigue Engineering of Mechanical Components and Structures
Abstract: This paper introduces two new formulae, termed the Nori Fatigue Formulae, for determining the maximum allowable fatigue stress in mechanical components and structures with significant stress concentrations. These formulae will eliminate the usage of code-sensitive safety factors along with other factored values from the entire mechanical design engineering work, ranging from a safety pin to spacecraft. The first formula gives the maximum allowable fatigue stress in tension, and the second …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 6–24 Read article
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Firefly Algorithm–Based Optimization of Processing Parameters for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composite Materials
Abstract: Polymer composite materials are extensively used in aerospace, automotive, and oil & gas applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and design flexibility. However, achieving optimal mechanical and thermal performance strongly depends on precise control of processing parameters such as curing temperature, energy consumption, and material utilization. Conventional trial-and-error approaches often lead to excessive energy usage, non-uniform curing, and sub-optimal composite properties. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 90–107 Read article
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Experimental Analysis of Glass Fiber Composite on Low Velocity Impacts
Abstract: This research specifically deals with determining the retained tensile strength after loading Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites following low-velocity impact. The purpose is to determine the degree to which these impacts affect the structural performance and mechanical integrity of GFRP materials. Experimental tests were conducted on glass fiber composite specimens in order to observe variation in tensile strength upon impact. The results indicated significant tensile strength reduction in impact …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 789–796 Read article
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A Systematic Review of Advanced Composite Materials for High-Performance Spur Gear Applications
Abstract: This is a review which provides specific and detailed information regarding the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite to replace traditional steel in high-performance spur gears with emphasis on mechanical performance, computational modeling, and experimental validation. Methods: The current literature was thoroughly investigated that includes material properties, material simulation (e.g., finite element analysis, FEA), and experimental gear testing procedures (e.g., DIN 51354, ASTM G99). Certain case studies in the aerospace and automotive …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 209–220 Read article
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Performance and Emission Profiles Enhancement of CI Engine with Aluminium Oxide-Reinforced Polymeric Composite in Biodiesel Blends
Abstract: The integration of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles into B10 biodiesel blends offers a promising approach to improving engine performance and reducing harmful emissions. This study evaluates the effect of Al₂O₃ additives on Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), and exhaust emissions in a compression ignition engine. Experiments were conducted using calibrated instruments, and uncertainties were considered with a coverage factor of 1.66, yielding an overall error margin …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 775–788 Read article
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Polymeric Hybrid Systems Engineered with Multiple-Stage Energy Absorption for Temperature Control
Abstract: Polymer–composite based phase change systems offer an effective strategy for adaptive thermal management; however, most existing systems exhibit single-stage latent heat transitions, limiting their applicability in environments with fluctuating thermal loads. In this study, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer matrix was reinforced with two microencapsulated paraffin-based phase change materials (PCM-A and PCM-B) to achieve multi-level latent heat storage behavior. The fabricated TPU/PCM-A10–B20 polymer–composite demonstrated two distinct endothermic transitions at approximately …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 146–155 Read article
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Immunological Biomarkers and Epidemiological Evaluation of Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Efforts in Osun State, Nigeria
Abstract: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains a neglected tropical disease affecting millions globally, despite extensive elimination efforts. While the interruption of transmission is a key goal, the long-term immunological effects on individuals with existing complications like elephantiasis remain poorly understood. This study assessed the current transmission status of LF and the haematological profiles of infected individuals across selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 7,388 individuals from …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–30 Read article
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Next-Generation Lightweight Nanocomposite Structures for Electric Mobility
Abstract: The rapid expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) sector has intensified the demand for battery enclosures that are lightweight, mechanically strong, thermally stable, and environmentally sustainable. This research focuses on the design and sustainable fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites for advanced EV battery housings. The proposed material system integrates carbon fiber, glass fiber, and graphene nanoplatelets within a bio-based epoxy matrix, resulting in improved mechanical strength, enhanced thermal stability, and superior …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1147–1156 Read article
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Lightweight Composite Materials for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Public and Private Transport
Abstract: The rapid expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) industry has intensified the demand for battery enclosures that are lightweight, durable, thermally stable, and environmentally sustainable. This study investigates the design and sustainable fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites for advanced EV battery housings. The proposed composite system combines carbon fiber, glass fiber, and graphene nanoplatelets within a bio-based epoxy matrix, resulting in superior mechanical strength, enhanced thermal stability, and excellent flame retardancy.A …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 470–481 Read article
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AI-Assisted Gain Scheduling for Real-Time Temperature Control in Chemical Reactors
Abstract: Temperature control in continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) represents a critical challenge in chemical process industries due to inherent nonlinearities, time-varying dynamics, and parametric uncertainties. Conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers with fixed gains often fail to maintain optimal performance across varying operating conditions, leading to temperature excursions that compromise product quality and safety. This paper presents a novel AI-assisted gain scheduling framework that integrates artificial neural networks (ANN) with adaptive PID control …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 24–33 Read article