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1363 articles for “Pre-clinical”
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Managing Chronic Kidney Disease using Plant Based Therapies indepth review
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating condition with a constantly increasing incidence associated with global financial and social burden on health care systems. The last stage of CKD is kidney failure which if left untreated with kidney replacement therapies is significantly life threatening. Modern treatment schedules of CKD focus on delaying the disease progression by using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers. The three …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 17–43 Read article
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Engineering Polymer-Based Barrier Films for Infection Control in Surgical Environments
Abstract: It is important to keep a sterile surgical area as a measure of infection prevention after an operation. Traditional protective materials tend to not be long-lasting, are not uniformly protective in their behavior, and have just limited biocompatibility. The use of barrier films made of polymer has emerged as a ground breaking solution to the contemporary operating rooms. These movies prevent the entry of microbes, are impervious to moisture, and …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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Medicinal Properties of Oxytenanthera abyssinica: A Narrative Review
Abstract: Oxytenanthera abyssinica, a plant local to the African landmass, has gotten a parcel of intrigued in later a long time for its conceivable restorative benefits; it has been utilized in conventional medication for decades since of its assumed mending capabilities. In spite of its long history, careful logical examination into its restorative potential is being attempted. This review paper explore into the multidimensional part of O. Abyssinica is in progressed …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 21–42 Read article
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Medicine: Emerging Clinical Perspectives
Abstract: The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and precision medicine has transformed contemporary healthcare by enabling data-driven clinical decision-making, individualized therapeutic interventions, and predictive diagnostics. However, despite remarkable advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare remains constrained by the “black-box” nature of many computational systems. Clinicians, regulatory agencies, and patients increasingly demand transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness in AI-guided medical recommendations. Explainable Artificial …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 13–29 Read article
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Pregnancy and Oral Health: A Review
Abstract: Pregnancy is a naturally occurring biological condition of the human female necessary for the continuation of the human race. It is a dynamic physiological state evidenced by several transient changes. Pregnancy causes profound and remarkable changes in all organ systems. The dental team should be aware of the altered physiologic status of the pregnant patient. Women’s mental health should be a primary concern by all women’s health nurses because of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 23–31 Read article
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Review on Different Approaches of Drug Development Process
Abstract: This paper is all about the process of bringing a new compound into the market. Different approaches to drug development are mentioned. Function of drug development to assess all parameters prior to human clinical trials and satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities, generally a number of tests are designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in man are the objectives of …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 18–21 Read article
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A Knowledge Graph Approach for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Data Sharing Platform Implementation in the Context of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Abstract: Background: Breast cancer remains among the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide, and effective diagnosis and data integration continue to challenge clinical practice. Diagnostic reports from mammography and ultrasound contain rich clinical information that is often under-utilised due to heterogeneous formats and limited data-sharing infrastructure. In the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may influence oncogenic pathways and data complexity, advanced computational methods offer new solutions to this problem. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Monitoring of Disable Patients with their Medical conditions using K-NN Classifier Algorithm
Abstract: In this paper a general procedure for the infirmity assessment of patients with ineptitudes is presented. It relies upon consistently activity examination using ordinary accelerometer sensors conveyed by the noticed person while at home without clinical staff present. The k-NN classifier is being used to study six different types of activities after preliminary data pre-planning, followed by further decreases in estimation and confirmation time. Promising results are gotten which could …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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AI-Based Early Diagnosis & Prevention of Diabetes
Abstract: The worldwide burden of Diabetes Mellitus, especially Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has escalated to a critical level. Early detection of diabetes is essential to reduce long‑term complications and healthcare costs. This study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to improve the early diagnosis and prevention of diabetes. We developed an AI model using the Random Forest algorithm, the model predicts diabetes risk based on clinical and lifestyle variables …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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An Unusual Case of Endometriosis in Appendix: Case Report
Abstract: Introduction: Appendiceal endometriosis is a very rare cause of appendicitis in women and accounts for less than 1% of all pelvic endometriotic lesions. Appendiceal involvement may present as acute appendicitis and definite diagnosis is made by only postoperative histological examination. In this study, we present a case of female patient who was diagnosed as acute appendicitis for which appendicectomy was done followed by histopathological examination of retrieved specimen of our …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 9–13 Read article
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Digital Twins in Human Anatomy and Physiology Education: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Abstract: Digital Twin (DT) technology has emerged as a promising innovation in healthcare by creating dynamic virtual representations of physical systems through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), computational modeling, real-time data, and advanced visualization technologies. Although DTs have been widely investigated in precision medicine and clinical decision-making, their application in Human Anatomy and Physiology (HAP) education remains in its early stages. This review aims to examine the current status, educational …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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SiRNA-Based Multivalent Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Potential Risks, Benefits, and Future Applications
Abstract: Background: Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) technology represents a promising innovation in vaccine development, especially for multivalent vaccines that can target multiple pathogens or antigenic variants simultaneously. siRNA-based vaccines offer a unique mechanism to induce specific immune responses, presenting an adaptable and potentially powerful tool for tackling infectious diseases and cancer. Methods: This systematic review synthesizes recent studies on siRNA multivalent vaccines, focusing on their immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness. We reviewed …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 43–49 Read article
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Chest Wall Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Abstract: Chest wall tuberculosis is a very rare form of tuberculosis. Its presentations often misguide the clinician for early diagnosis and produce a diagnostic dilemma. High index of suspicion and exposure to literature reports may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment. Here, such a case of chest wall tuberculosis which was preliminary managed by many clinicians with variety of empirical diagnosis has been reported. Even the FNAC report from the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 6–8 Read article
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Application of Guided Surgery Concepts in the Programming and Intraoperative Management of Apicoectomies using a Surgical Template: A Case Report
Abstract: Apicoectomies are Endodontic Microsurgical procedures that require high precision. However, the state-of-the-art method currently used provides for a certain degree of imprecision as it heavily relies on the clinician’s judgment and experience with the sole aid of preliminary radiographic investigations. This clinical study aims to apply the Surgical Guided Approach, frequently used in Implantology, to Apicoectomies, thereby ensuring higher precision and, therefore, a lower amount of bone tissue loss as …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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Algorithm for the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Abstract: cardiovascular diseases (CVD) still claim a significant number of deaths globally and remain the number one killer with an annual death toll of nearly 17.9 million. While several medical advancements have been made, an early diagnosis is still hard to obtain, which often leads to worsening conditions and intricate treatment options. With the advancement of modern technology, Machine learning has demonstrated to be a miraculous tool which can greatly impact …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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Clone-Specific Drug Delivery Systems: Targeted Approaches and Future Clinical Applications
Abstract: Clone-specific drug delivery systems represent a transformative frontier in personalized medicine, addressing the longstanding challenge of clonal heterogeneity within diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Traditional drug delivery platforms often fail to discriminate between pathogenic and healthy cells, leading to systemic toxicity and reduced therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, clone-specific systems aim to selectively target and eliminate disease-driving cellular clones based on unique molecular signatures, thereby improving treatment …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 21–29 Read article
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Accelerate Drug Development with Pharmacokinetic Softwares
Abstract: During continuously evolving technologies and mechanized equipments, there has been a tremendous growth in the pharmaceutical sector over the past few decades. New technologies, software, devices, and techniques are being developed or researched upon with each passing day. By leveraging pharmacokinetic software, researchers can efficiently analyze vast datasets from preclinical and clinical studies, extracting actionable insights that inform decision-making early in the development cycle. This predictive capability not only accelerates …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Thrombophilia: An insight
Abstract: By definition, thrombophilia refers to acquired and/or hereditary diseases that predispose people to venous and arterial thromboembolic events. The most common cause of death on the planet is thrombosis. Myocardial infarction and stroke are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the vascular system. The deep veins of the lower extremity are the most usually involved in venous thromboembolic events, which can lead to pulmonary emboli. Thromboembolism is the major …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticle for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease
Abstract: The study of ecologically friendly CuNP synthesis is a growing area with potential applications in biomedical research and environmental remediation, as well as sustainable nanotechnology. Generally, reducing, and stabilizing agents such as microbes, plant extracts, or other natural sources are used. The green synthesis methodology guarantees the production of nanoparticles with desired characteristics for biomedical applications while simultaneously mitigating the environmental effect that comes with conventional chemical processes. CuNPs possess …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 13–24 Read article
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Comparative Efficacy of Hybrid Capture 2 and Real-Time PCR in Detecting High-Risk HPV Genotypes for Cervical Cancer Screening
Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a leading cause of cervical cancer, making early detection critical for effective prevention and treatment. Among the diagnostic methods available, Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are widely used for detecting high-risk HPV genotypes, particularly HPV 16 and 18, which account for the majority of cervical cancer cases. This review aims to compare the efficacy of HC2 and Real-Time PCR in …
Published in International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 13–17 Read article