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140 articles for “vaporization”
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Recent Advances in Crystalline Materials
Abstract: Crystalline materials are solids in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional lattice. This well-defined structure gives rise to unique physical, chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, making crystalline materials essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications. Advances in materials science, crystal engineering, and nanotechnology have enabled precise control over crystal size, morphology, composition, and defect structures through innovative synthesis techniques. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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Structure-Property Modeling and Engineering Optimization of Biodegradable Starch-Cellulose Biofoams for Sustainable Packaging
Abstract: Since the packaging industry is an engineered product with complex composites that involve a close relationship between composition, processing, and performance, optimization of formulation, cellular morphology, and engineering performance of biodegradable starch-based biofoams presents a considerable challenge. This study proposes a machine-learning-aided structure–property modeling framework to design and optimize starch-based biodegradable biofoams for sustainable packaging applications. A physics-informed synthetic dataset consisting of 10,000 formulations was created based on engineering relationships …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 5, 2026 Read article
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Energy Efficient LED Driver using PIC
Abstract: The tremendous growth of LED lighting in offline applications, such as office lighting, public buildings, and street lighting is increasing, and that increase is predicted to continue for the future years. In these applications, LEDs replace linear or high-power CFL fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps such as metal halide and high-pressure sodium, as well as mercury vapor lamps which consume more power than LEDs lamp. These applications require an …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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An Exergetic based Assessment of Biogas as an Energy Source in a Hybrid Refrigeration System
Abstract: The analysis of biogas operated Ammonia-Water vapor compression absorption (hybrid) refrigeration system was carried out based on computational model being developed and the thermodynamic properties of working fluids have been used from the computer code. The variation of performance parameters such as exergy loss, COPCOOLING, COPHEATING and Exergy efficiency are studied with varying generator temperature, evaporator temperature, condenser and absorber temperature. The results indicate that maximum COP cooling as well …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of Solar Refrigeration System Using the Numerical Methods
Abstract: Abstract Nonconventional sources of energy are main alternate resources which can provide a solution for the faster rate of depletion of fossil fuels. All renewable energy comes ultimately from the sun. We can use the sun directly (as in solar heating systems) or indirectly (as in hydroelectric power, wind power, and power from biomass fuelsetc.).Directly, the solar energy can be used to the maximum extent in ice making industries, air-conditionings, …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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A Review on Test Facility for Measuring Pressure Drop in Hydroformed Cryopanel
Abstract: Cryopump is a vacuum pump that pumps the gases and vapors by condensing them on a cold surface, by adsorption on porous surfaces or by trapping mechanism. Helium gas which is very light can only be pumped by Cryoadsorption cryopump. Cryoadsorption cryopump cannot be used when working for continuous operation as it pumps the effluent till the saturation state is achieved. Then the absorbed gases are required to be removed …
Published in Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 21–25 Read article
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The Effect of CNT Coating on Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient, Heat Flux, Roughness, Pressure Drop of Porous Material with 3-Omega Technique: A Review
Abstract: The paper deals with the tentative survey on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of CNT glaze on a stainless steel substrate in a rectangular comprehensive channel with water as the working fluid. The extremely high thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes was predicted hypothetically and pragmatic experimentally. Under both, laminar and turbulent flow conditions, the experiments were conducted with Reynolds number unpredictable from 500–2600. A nanofluid, which depends …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 18, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 5–8 Read article
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A Review on Effect of EDM Parametrs on Die Sinking EDM
Abstract: Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a nonconventional method of machining conductive and hard to machine materials and obtaining intricate shapes. It is a controlled method of melting and vaporizing the work piece by series of electric discharges between the tool and the work piece. In EDM there are a number of process parameters which must be selected sophisticatedly for obtaining reliable products thus optimization of EDM process parameters is important. …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Reactivity Study of N-Pyrrolyl-P, P-Diphenylphosphino Sulfide/Selenide Ligand
Abstract: 800x600 We report the synthesis and solid state structures of the N-pyrrolyl-P,P-diphenylphosphino sulfide and selenide of molecular formulae [C4H4NP(S)Ph2] (1) and [C4H4NP(Se)Ph2] (2) respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were prepared by one pot reaction of pyrrole and [Ph2P(E)Cl] (E = S and Se) in the presence of NaH as base at ambient temperature. In the solid state structure established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, phosphorus atom adopts a distorted …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 35–45 Read article
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Chitosan-Glycine Cross-Linked Microspheres for Controlled Release of Isoniazid
Abstract: Semi-interpenetrating polymer network microspheres of chitosan with glycine have been prepared for encapsulation and controlled release of isoniazid (INH) as a model drug. The method involved the exposure of microspheres to the vapor of cross-linking agent to effect the cross-linking under mild conditions. The swelling behavior, hydrolytic degradation and loading capacity of microspheres for INH have been investigated. The prepared microspheres have shown 96% drug loading capacity, which suggested that …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Optimization of i-Layer of a-Si: H p–i–n Solar Cell in an Indigenously Developed PECVD System
Abstract: Single-junction hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells have been successfully fabricated using indigenously developed radio frequency-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique. The software-controlled PECVD system enables deposition and optimization of layers and solar cell device using a cluster 5 process chambers. In the present work, several experiments have been carried out by varying the critical process parameters in order to optimize the i-layers for obtaining efficient hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 32–36 Read article
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PVT Properties of Alternate PUREX diluent 4,4-Dipropyl Heptane
Abstract: 4,4-Dipropyl Heptane (Hydrogenated propylene tetramer) is an alternate diluent for PUREX process, employed for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Its PVT properties are not available in literature. With group contribution method, PVT properties of 4,4-dipropyl heptane were estimated and reported in this work. A corresponding- states based equation as well as Wagner constants were also reported in the range of 273.15K to critical temperature. Keywords: PVT properties, 4, 4-dipropyl heptane, …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 20–23 Read article
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Insecticide-treated Bednets Use as an Environment Friendly Method for Malaria Control
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Malaria is a mosquito-borne public health problem in 90 countries worldwide affecting at least 300 million people annually. The disease imposes economic burden on families, business, health system, government budget and is associated with poverty, poor health, and malnutrition among children. Among the various methods available for mosquito control, use of mosquito nets, especially when treated with insecticides, provide the safest, cheapest, …
Published in Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2011 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Research Paper on Design and Development of Agricultural Polyhouse Cooler for Temperature Control During Summer
Abstract: During the summer season or during hot climates, the plant in the polyhouse or greenhouse needs the controlled temperatures for their optimum growth. If the temperature exceeds the required temperature, it starts damaging the newly springs of buds of plants affecting their productivity. There’s not only the temperature that should be controlled. Polyhouse plants are also affected by the relative humidity. And managing both at the same time is not …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 21–25 Read article
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Phase Change Material in the Heat Exchanger for Improved Performance of Latent Refrigeration Storage Systems
Abstract: Using phase change materials (PCMs) in conjunction with a latent cool storage system is an efficient method of storing cool energy. It has the advantage of storage process with isothermal nature and storage of high energy density. Within last few years it has been inspected that in cool storage applications, PCM’s have been widely used. PCM’s are melted and solidified at wide ranges and temperatures and hence are attractive in …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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Efficient Cooling with Peltier Modules: A Guide to Air Cooler Design
Abstract: The average annual temperature is rising due to the daily rise in global warming, which makes life more difficult and stressful for those who live in load-shedding-affected areas. Modern cooling technologies, such as air conditioners and coolers, are useless during the hottest parts of the day because they don't use inverters to generate backup electricity. In order to address the issues of portability, economy, and cost-effectiveness, the idea of alternative …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 42–47 Read article
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Advancements in De-icing and Anti-icing Technologies used in Aircraft
Abstract: In today’s fast progressing world, there is an advent of technology in all spheres of life. One such area that has grown by leaps and bounds is that of aircraft technology and the systems involved in it. This paper focuses mainly on the technologies/systems used for De-icing and Anti-icing applications in aircrafts (specifically those with fixed wings), be it manned or unmanned (UAVs). Icing and frosting of wings are a …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 23–32 Read article
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Chemically Well-Defined Extender for Preservation of Black Bengal Buck Semen
Abstract: This experiment was carried with the aim to prepare a chemically well defined semen extender with soybean lecithin (SL) for cryopreservation of black Bengal buck semen. Semen samples were collected from five black Bengal bucks. The semen samples were extended in Tris buffer with 5% glycerol containing either 15% egg yolk (control group) or SL at different concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2% SL). The semen samples were cooled gradually to …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 7–10 Read article
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Photo-degradation in Nanocrystalline Porous Silicon
Abstract: AbstractWe study the metastabilities created by light soaking (LS) in nanocrystalline porous silicon (nc-PSi), prepared by the electrochemical anodization technique. At first sight, these appear similar to the effects of LS observed in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) prepared by PECVD (Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) method. In nc-PSi, the ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) and Raman results indicate the presence of a-Si:H. This suggests a-Si:H as a possible cause of photo-degradation in …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 22–30 Read article
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Formulation Development of Meloxicam Loaded Transdermal Patches and Their Evaluation
Abstract: The current studies aim the Formulation and development of transdermal patches of Meloxicam. Meloxicam is a Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. Transdermal patches show better patient compliance over conventional dosage forms because of their longer time of operation resulting in a reduction in less frequent dosing. Six batches of transdermal patches were prepared using different concentrations of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone to increase the physical properties …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 12–22 Read article