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1307 articles for “cost”
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Legume-Induced Frothy Bloat in Tropical Cattle: Pathophysiology, Consequences and Preventative Measures
Abstract: Legume-induced bloat in tropical cattle is a complex and significant health challenge that affects livestock productivity and welfare. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted causes of bloat associated with the consumption of leguminous forages, highlighting both the physiological mechanisms and environmental factors that contribute to this condition. Key factors include the high soluble protein content of legumes, rapid fermentation rates in the rumen, and the formation of stable foam, …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Generative AI-Based Inverse Design of Sustainable Biodegradable Polymers with Target Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Abstract: The escalating global plastic pollution crisis has intensified the urgent need for sustainable biodegradable polymer alternatives that can match or exceed the performance of conventional petroleum-based plastics while minimizing environmental impact. However, traditional polymer discovery approaches are severely constrained by high experimental costs, protracted development cycles spanning years, and fundamental inability to simultaneously optimize multiple conflicting material properties such as mechanical strength, thermal stability, and degradation kinetics. This study presents …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Design and Development of Lightweight Polymer Composite Manifold Using CF-ABS and GFRP for Aerodynamic Energy Recovery in Electric Vehicles
Abstract: Electric vehicles provide a number of advantages over conventional fuel vehicles due to their low to no emissions. High energy efficiency improves the driving performance of Electric vehicles. However, they have to face certain challenges such as the high purchase cost of batteries and lack of battery charging facilities. The major drawback of an Electric vehicle is to store sufficient energy to run the vehicle for a long time. This …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Framework-Based Optimization of Catalysis Efficiency through Reaction Pathway Engineering
Abstract: The rational design of heterogeneous catalysts through framework-based approaches has emerged as a transformative strategy for controlling reaction pathways and enhancing catalytic efficiency. This paper examines recent advances in the optimization of catalytic performance through engineered frameworks, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, and related porous materials. By integrating computational methods with experimental validation, researchers have achieved unprecedented control overactive site architecture, reactant confinement, and elementary reaction steps. This work reviews …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 88–99 Read article
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Entomo-Analytics: Insect Behavioral Intelligence for Climate-Smart Environmental Monitoring Systems
Abstract: Rapid environmental change driven by climate variability, urbanization, and ecological degradation has intensified the need for innovative monitoring systems capable of providing real-time ecological intelligence. Traditional environmental monitoring methods often rely on satellite imaging and stationary sensors, which may lack fine-scale biological sensitivity. In contrast, insects—due to their abundance, ecological diversity, and rapid responsiveness to environmental shifts—offer a powerful yet underutilized source of bio-sensing data. This paper introduces the concept …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 17–26 Read article
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Design and Implementation of a 4-Bit Breadboard CPU Using Digital Integrated Circuits
Abstract: This paper presents the design and hardware realization of a simple 4-bit CPU built using discrete TTL integrated circuits on a breadboard. The CPU employs a 4-bit common data bus with tri-state buffers for device arbitration, three 4-bit registers (Register A, Register B, and an Output Register) implemented with 74LS175 quad D flip-flops, and a 4-bit ALU for addition/subtraction using a 74LS83 adder and XOR gates. Manual control signals (load, …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Solar Panel Defect Detection Using Geospatially-Aware Deep Learning framework
Abstract: Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems demand reliable inspection techniques to maintain efficiency, as manual methods remain labor-intensive and inconsistent. This study introduces a geospatially informed deep learning framework for defect detection and localization in PV panels from drone and satellite imagery. The framework incorporates an adaptive tiling mechanism that adjusts tile boundaries according to object size, reducing information loss and enhancing detection performance. In addition, coordinate transformation between image pixels and …
Published in Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS · Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Design and Implementation of a Bidirectional Long-Range Communication System for Disaster Management Applications
Abstract: In times of natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, landslides and cyclones, the normal communication lines are frequently cut, thus reducing the ability of the affected people and the relief team to communicate vital information. Cellular networks and Internet-based communication systems could be compromised in the event of a loss of power, damage to infrastructure or network congestion. Thus, it is necessary to have a communication system that will be dependable, …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Prediction of Mechanical Properties for Advanced Engineering Applications utilizing Polymer Composite Materials by Machine Learning
Abstract: Polymer composites show great promise as engineering materials because of their mechanical performance, resistance to corrosion, lightweight nature, and adaptability in design. Aerospace, automotive, biomedical, maritime, and civil engineers all rely on mechanical property prediction to cut down on trial expenses, expedite product development, and optimize material selection. Speedy design optimization is not possible using traditional numerical and experimental methods due to the high costs associated with material characterisation, computational …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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Intelligent Farming: Integrating AI and IoT for Sustainable Agriculture
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming modern agriculture by enabling data-driven, resource-efficient, and climate-resilient farming practices. This review critically examines recent advances in AI-IoT integration across crop production, irrigation management, pest and disease surveillance, and supply chain optimization through an analysis of published literature and documented case studies. The review indicates that AI-assisted predictive analytics combined with IoT-based real-time sensing significantly improves decision-making in precision …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypergraph Laplacians and Dominating Transversals for Resilient Discrete Network Design
Abstract: This manuscript develops a discrete mathematical framework for resilience analysis on networks whose interactions are polyadic, uncertain, and partially conflicting. Classical graphs compress multi-way coordination into pairwise edges, while ordinary fuzzy graphs often ignore the non-membership information that becomes critical in emergency logistics, infrastructure interdependence, and cyberphysical coordination. We therefore formulate an intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraph in which each vertex hyperedge incidence carries membership, non-membership, and hesitation, and we construct a …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 15–21 Read article
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Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing using Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm
Abstract: Cloud computing, which provides remote clients with on-demand services, has emerged as a crucial component of contemporary technology. It is still difficult to schedule tasks effectively in such diverse and dynamic situations. Motivated by the hippopotamus's balanced exploration and exploitation behavior, this research suggests a unique work scheduling method utilizing the hippopotamus optimization algorithm (HOA). In order to maximize resource usage and throughput while minimizing makespan and execution cost, the …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 22–29 Read article
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Semiring-Weighted Automata and Recursive Path Counting for Multi-State Reliability in Discrete Infrastructures
Abstract: Multi-state infrastructures such as communication backbones, microgrids, warehouse routing systems, and sensor-actuator pipelines evolve through discrete event sequences rather than through a single binary "working/failed" transition. This paper develops a semiring-weighted automata framework for reliability analysis in which state changes, repair actions, and degraded operating modes are represented by weighted transitions on a finite automaton. A path valuation is defined over an additively idempotent reliability semiring and extended to a …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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Harnessing Bacteria for Next-Generation Data Storage Technologies – A Review
Abstract: The exponential increase in global digital information has created a pressing need for storage technologies that are more durable, compact, and sustainable than conventional electronic media. While hard drives, solid-state drives, and cloud-based systems have transformed information management, they face severe limitations related to storage density, energy consumption, maintenance costs, and long-term preservation. Researchers have, therefore, begun exploring biological systems as alternative information storage platforms. Among these, bacteria have emerged …
Published in International Journal of Molecular Biotechnological Research · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Enhancing the Bioavailability of Polyphenols: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The polyphenolic compounds are abundantly found in different plant parts including fruits, leaves, stem and seeds, and are known for possessing a wide range of biological activities. These include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Their functional relation with their structure highlights the significant therapeutic potential. As a result, the polyphenols are being further being exploited for applications in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and targeted drug delivery. Despite …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 37–51 Read article
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Comparative Cooling Analysis of EV Battery Packs using MATLAB Simscape
Abstract: Since electric vehicles (EVs) transition to high- voltage systems to enable quicker charging and enhanced delivery of power, the high heat emitted during rapid discharge is a significant challenge. This paper presents a direct comparative study of passive air cooling and active liquid cooling of a lithium-ion battery pack. Due to the high cost of constructing the physical prototypes, we created a computationally efficient and hierarchical virtual prototype in MATLAB …
Published in International Journal of Electrical and Communication Engineering Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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SMART HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:USING CLOUD, IOT & WEB DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: The Smart Hospital Management System (SHMS) leverages cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and web development to address the inefficiencies in healthcare management, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. With India’s doctor-to-patient ratio below WHO standards, there is a need for innovative solutions to enhance patient care and hospital resource management. This system integrates SpO2, temperature, and ECG sensors with the Raspberry Pi, enabling continuous and real-time …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks Read article
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Antidiabetic Potential of Bryophyllum pinnatum: A Study on its Pharmacological Effects and Synergistic Action with Glibenclamide
Abstract: Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder that profoundly impacts an individual’s overall health, social interactions, and quality of life. While significant progress has been made in diabetes management with the use of medications such as insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, the limitations of these existing treatments highlight the need for new therapeutic alternatives. Moreover, the high cost of current diabetes medications makes them inaccessible to many, particularly in rural areas …
Published in International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 18–30 Read article
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Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Chickens under Farmers’ Management Conditions at Godoro Sub-Watershed, Gerese District
Abstract: The study commenced with the objective of demonstration and evaluation of an improved chicken breed's performance under farmers’ management conditions in Bula Kebele, Gerese district of Gamo zone. A total of 21 participant households were selected purposely based on their experience and willingness to construct a chicken house, covering chicken-rearing costs, and recording the required data. Training on chicken husbandry, healthcare, feeds and feeding systems was provided for the participants, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 61–69 Read article
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Tri-Band Edge-Cut Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna on Composite Substrate for RF Energy Harvesting in IoT Networks
Abstract: The increasing use of Internet of Things devices underscores the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions, since traditional batteries necessitate regular replacement and constrain scalability. Radio frequency energy harvesting is a viable option; nonetheless, antenna design continues to provide a significant problem owing to the requirements for compactness, efficiency, and multi-band functionality. A hybrid composite substrate configuration combining FR4 (εr = 4.3) and RT Duroid (εr = 2.2) is employed …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 867–883 Read article