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Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology Review Article

Legume-Induced Frothy Bloat in Tropical Cattle: Pathophysiology, Consequences and Preventative Measures

  1. Md. Emran Hossain Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi

Abstract

Legume-induced bloat in tropical cattle is a complex and significant health challenge that affects livestock productivity and welfare. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted causes of bloat associated with the consumption of leguminous forages, highlighting both the physiological mechanisms and environmental factors that contribute to this condition. Key factors include the high soluble protein content of legumes, rapid fermentation rates in the rumen, and the formation of stable foam, which obstructs normal gas expulsion. Additionally, environmental conditions, such as rainfall and pasture management practices, exacerbate the risk of bloat in grazing systems. The consequences of bloat are profound, leading to reduced feed intake, impaired nutrient absorption, and, in severe cases, death. The economic implications for farmers are substantial, resulting in increased veterinary costs and decreased milk and meat production. To mitigate the risk of bloat, this review discusses various preventative measures that can be implemented in tropical cattle management systems. These include strategic feeding practices, such as providing dry forages before grazing on legumes, incorporating a balanced mix of grasses and legumes, and utilizing feed additives like poloxalene and ionophores. Furthermore, grazing management strategies, including rotational grazing and monitoring pasture conditions, play a crucial role in reducing bloat incidence. By understanding the underlying causes and consequences of legume-induced bloat, as well as implementing effective preventative strategies, cattle producers can enhance animal welfare and improve the sustainability of livestock production systems in tropical environments. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, veterinarians, and livestock managers seeking to address the challenges posed by legume-induced bloat in cattle.

Keywords

References (51)

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