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Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology Review Article

Enhancing the Bioavailability of Polyphenols: A Comprehensive Review

  1. Hadiya Tahir Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir
  2. Sabeera Muzzaffar Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir

Abstract

The polyphenolic compounds are abundantly found in different plant parts including fruits, leaves, stem and seeds, and are known for possessing a wide range of biological activities. These include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Their functional relation with their structure highlights the significant therapeutic potential. As a result, the polyphenols are being further being exploited for applications in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and targeted drug delivery. Despite their numerous benefits the practical application of polyphenols is limited due to their poor stability, low solubility and limited bioavailability. They are prone to environmental degradation due to their sensitivity towards factors such as light, heat and oxygen which can lead to loss of activity. to overcome these limitations, nanoencapsulation has emerged as a promising strategy. This strategy helps in preserving the polyphenols from environmental degradation in addition to improving the bioavailability, absorption, sustained release and specific sites. Diverse group of nanocarriers systems have been developed to improve the performance of encapsulated polyphenols. These include like polymeric nanoparticles, vesicular structures, lipid-based carriers, dendrimers, micelles, and nanogels. Such systems are known to not improve only stability but enhance therapeutic efficacy. However, several challenges remain in terms of costs, scalability issues, environment concerns related to disposal, nanomaterials biological interaction, biocompatibility, regulatory limitations, and need for thorough nanotoxicity evaluation. Despite these limitations ongoing advancements in the nanoencapsulation techniques continue to expand their potential in therapeutic direction. This review focuses on recent developments in nanoencapsulation approaches aimed at improving the bioavailability and effectiveness of polyphenolic compounds.

Keywords

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