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128 articles for “working liquid”
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A Comprehensive Review on the Miniaturized Analytical Techniques for Sustainable Pharmaceutical Testing
Abstract: Miniaturized analytical techniques are revolutionizing pharmaceutical testing by offering sustainable and efficient alternatives to traditional methods. These techniques are designed to reduce sample and reagent consumption, minimize waste generation, and accelerate analysis, aligning perfectly with the principles of green analytical chemistry. This comprehensive review aims to thoroughly explore the landscape of miniaturized analytical techniques, specifically highlighting their profound impact on fostering sustainable practices within the pharmaceutical sector. The review systematically …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–39 Read article
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Study of Stainless Steel’s Properties for Radiation Safety using Artificial Neural Networks
Abstract: Several general components of reactor are made from stainless steel. Most of the container used for storing nuclear waste is made from stainless steel. In this work, an artificial neural networks (ANNs) model is used to improve the properties of stainless steel during its manufacturing process. The main job of ANNs is determining the layer’s thickness and predicting the influence of different parameters on the growth kinetic of the process. …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Solid-State Reactions: Mechanistic Insights, Kinetic Behavior and Emerging Applications in Advanced Materials
Abstract: Solid-state reactions are fundamental to the synthesis and transformation of inorganic materials, playing a crucial role in the development of ceramics, semiconductors, catalysts, and energy storage systems. Unlike reactions in liquid or gaseous phases, they are limited by restricted atomic mobility and typically require elevated temperatures to enhance diffusion and overcome activation energy barriers. These reactions proceed through interfacial contact between solid reactants, followed by nucleation of product phases and …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 10–14 Read article
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REVIEW ON BIODEGRADABLE CONCRETE
Abstract: Concrete is one of the strongest construction materials used all over the world and usually considered as indestructible because of their longer service life as compared with the most constructional products. However, they can get destroyed for a variety of reasons including the material limitations, poor quality design and construction practices, as well as the hard exposure conditions. Degradation mechanisms of concrete often depend on the way potentially aggressive substances …
Published in Journal of Structural Engineering and Management · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 34–40 Read article
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Study on Solar Water Heater with Thermal Energy Storage System
Abstract: AbstractRenewable power supplies are progressively gaining increasing importance in all the nations. Specially, solar electricity, being non-polluting and inexhaustible, has obtained extensive interest among scientists and engineers. Although, there are many advantages, an essential factor is that solar power is time structured power source with an intermittent individual. Consequently, some form of thermal power storage (TES) is necessary for the only usage of this energy supply. Thermal energy can be …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 24–36 Read article
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Thermodynamic Optimization and Exergy-Based Performance Analysis of Hybrid Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles
Abstract: The transition toward sustainable transportation has brought electric vehicles (EVs) to the forefront of modern engineering innovation. Despite their environmental benefits and improved energy efficiency, EVs face major thermal challenges that affect performance, safety, and durability. Efficient thermal management of batteries, power electronics, and electric drive systems is vital to ensure reliability under diverse operating conditions. This study presents a detailed thermodynamic optimization and exergy-based performance analysis of hybrid thermal …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 19–23 Read article
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Sustainable High-Strength Geopolymer Composite Reinforced with Nano-Silica and Basalt Fibers: Mechanical and Microstructural Evaluation
Abstract: Sustainable soil composites (SSC) were formulated by incorporating red earth with varying proportions of bagasse ash (BA) and hydrated lime to enhance geotechnical performance and promote the reuse of agro-industrial waste. Red earth served as the primary structural matrix, BA functioned as a pozzolanic filler, and lime acted as a chemical stabilizer. BA content ranged from 0% to 60%, identifying 10% as the optimum level for significant improvement, and lime …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 1113–1122 Read article
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Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Dry EDM process for Material Removal Rate and Tool Wear Rate
Abstract: The importance of Electrical Discharge Machining process is increasing, especially for the machining of electric conductive ceramic materials. EDM is particularly ideal due of its thermal operating principle, which allows for almost force-free machining. The effect of air on the machining characteristics of the dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is investigated in this study. Researchers regard dry electrical discharge machining to be an environmentally benign machining process, and many …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 36–44 Read article
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A Review on Effect of Aluminium & Silicon Powder on Response Variables in Powder Mixed EDM
Abstract: In this paper, for machining different materials, the blending of aluminium and silicon powders into the dielectric liquid of electric discharge machining (EDM) has been studied. Different process parameters like peak current, powder focus, powder grain size, obligation factor, pulse on time, pulse off time, spout flushing and duty cycle has to be specific. The execution of procedure is done regarding response factors like tool wear rate (TWR)/electrode wear rate …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Energy-Efficient Thermal Management: Advanced Cooling Techniques for Electronics, Automotive, and Aerospace Applications
Abstract: The growing demand for energy-efficient systems across diverse industrial sectors, including electronics, automotive, aerospace, and renewable energy, has elevated the importance of advanced thermal management techniques. Effective heat dissipation is critical not only for maintaining optimal operating conditions in electronic devices but also for enhancing the performance and reliability of broader energy and mechanical systems. Inadequate thermal management can compromise energy efficiency, reduce component lifespan, and increase environmental impact. This …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 18–23 Read article
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Low cost method for fuel production from Plastic waste
Abstract: There is a huge problem of plastic waste remaining bulbous, eventhough many solutions are put forth. The production of synthetic plastic has reached 400 million tons worldwide, from which 50% is thrown in landfills or recycled; 15 million tons reach seas and oceans.Inceneration and other waste management methods have many limitations, which includes hazards of secondary pollutants. And moreover, there is no more land filling space for waste accumulation. Land …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 41–47 Read article
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Liquefied Oxygen Fracturing: A Simulative Approach
Abstract: The entire project is a work on the simulation of fracture design on a new potential fracturing fluid liquefied oxygen. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative study between hydraulic fracturing and cryogenic fracturing (liquefied oxygen) for the same reservoir having same properties to generate potential information on intrusion of fracturing fluid, pumping criteria, final stage pump pressure, required pumping time for both the fluids water as …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 43–51 Read article
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Investigation of the Effects of Solpawa SBR-X TM Doses on Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Loam Soil at Different Depths
Abstract: Laboratory trials of environmental remediation products bring the hope of inventing such products to reality for many of today’s intractable environmental pollution conditions, paving the way for the field trials and subsequent large-scale field application. This laboratory study was conducted as the first phase of a 2-tiered adaptive trials of Solpawa® Bioremediation System (Solpawa-SBX) funded by the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB). The study investigated the effectiveness of …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 64–72 Read article
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Efficiency Development of Cutter Liquid Using Plant- Based Oil on Surfaces the unevenness in Transforming EN8 Steel
Abstract: The current study recognizes the features of surfactants that are not ionic to create vegetable oils-based cutting liquid, which is palm oil used in an emulsion as an unconventional lubricant. In the industrial sector, finish on surfaces is a key determinant of quality, which makes it one of the most crucial factors to consider. This study examined the impact of various parameters associated with machining on the roughness of the …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 82–93 Read article
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Design and Implementation of a Polymer-Integrated IoT-Based Smart Intravenous Fluid Monitoring System for Patient Safety
Abstract: The intelligent healthcare systems rely more and more on the advanced materials and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to improve patient safety, patient-centeredness, timeliness of care, clinical efficiency. This paper presents a polymer-enhanced IoT enabled automatic IV Fluid Level monitoring and notification system. The novel system is based on the use of polymer-encapsulated load-cell sensors and polymer-packaged electronic modules, which allow biocompatibility, long-term stability and easy sterilisation in medical environments. …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 730–742 Read article
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Investigation and Comparison of Different Action of Catalyst and Process Conditions in the Production of Chlorobenzene
Abstract: Overview on the investigation and comparison of different action of catalyst and process conditions reveals that the productions of chlorobenzenedoesnot occur naturally, Chlorobenzene is an aromatic compound with chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, volatile, water-insoluble, flammable liquid with a penetrating smell of almonds is a common solvent which is gotten mostly from the chlorination of benzene and widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Production of chlorobenzene is …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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A Critical Review of Gandhaka & Its Shodhan Research Work with Special Emphasis on the 1st Method Following Rasatarangini
Abstract: Background: Ayurveda is an ancient healthcare system that influences many modern treatments. One of its key branches, Rasa Shastra, studies the health benefits of strong minerals and metals like mercury, sulphur, mica, and black bitumen. Among these, sulphur is critical for detoxification, blood purification, and digestion, being the third most common element in the human body after calcium and phosphorus. Before sulphur is used in Ayurvedic medicine, it must be …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga and Naturopathy · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Advanced Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate for Flexible Antenna Design
Abstract: A type of thermoplastic polymers known as liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) is frequently used to package millimeter (mm)-wave, microwave, and radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits that operate at frequencies as high as 60GHz. LCPs are of prospective relevance as packaging material for advanced circuits at mm-wave frequencies due to their appealing electrical, thermal, and mechanical qualities and comparatively low cost. Flexible and conformal antennas are made possible by LCP's exceptional …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 233–245 Read article
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Studies on CO2 Dissolution in Sodium Silicate for the Precipitation of Silica
Abstract: Rice husk is an agricultural residue abundantly available. Rice husk is a fuel having high ash content; major constituent being silica (90%). Extracting silica from Rice husk ash (RHA) not only adds value but also solves disposal problem of large amount of ash. Conventionally silica is extracted from quartz (silica rock) but this route is expensive and required more energy and RHA is the ultimate choice. Alternately Extraction of silica …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 70–75 Read article
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Smart Sanitizer Masks & Gloves Vending Machine
Abstract: This project gives a brief idea about the automatic hand sanitizer and gloves vending machine. The sanitizer's flowing liquid is regulated by a motor connected to a power supply and a pipe connected to a reducer.The corona virus disease is a major problem in the future world. Presently there is no medicine or vaccine found in the present world. Since there is severe attack in this world, the people are …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 31–36 Read article