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116 articles for “formation temperature”
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Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) Technology for Tire Pyrolysis: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is an innovative technology that is mimics of natural coal formation processes to convert wet biomass into valuable carbon-rich materials known as "biochar." This process involves subjecting organic matter, like agricultural waste, food residues, or sewage sludge, under high-pressure & moderate-temperature conditions (around 180-250°C & 2-4 MPa) in presence of water. HTC technology accelerates process of the dehydration & carbonization of biomass, thus producing a solid product …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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Thermo-Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Polyimide Composites for Aerospace Thermal Protection Systems
Abstract: Advanced aerospace thermal protection systems (TPS) require multifunctional materials that simultaneously provide high thermal stability, mechanical strength, and reliable electrical performance. Polyimide (PI) is widely used in aerospace structures due to its lightweight design and exceptional thermal durability, yet its low thermal conductivity and insulating behavior limit its effectiveness in heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. This study addresses these limitations by developing multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced polyimide …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 966–982 Read article
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Enhancement of Gas Sensitivity of Composites of Carbon Derived from Rubber Tree and SnO2 to Detect Ethanol Vapor at Room Temperature
Abstract: Films of composites of activated carbon powder prepared from saw dust derived from core of rubber tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) and tin oxide (SnO2) were fabricated using the doctor blade method. Carbon powder was activated using phosphoric acid at 500°C for 45 minutes. The weight ratio carbon/SnO2 varied from 0 to 12% in steps of 2. The structural, optical and morphological properties of films were investigated using XRD patterns, UV-visible spectrums …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 31–44 Read article
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Breathing prediction of fracture deviated wellbore through flooding mechanism
Abstract: Wellbore breathing is a common occurrence during drilling operations, but the down hole mechanism and how it manifests itself in surface and subsurface processes, is not well understood. It often result in a drilling fluid gain at surface and are misidentified as a kick, resulting in unneeded shut in periods and associated non-productive time (NPT). Further, misidentification of wellbore breathing as underbalance often results in increases in mud weight, which …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 5–13 Read article
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Fabrication and Testing of Physical Behavior of Coconut Shell Micro Particulate and Walnut Shell Micro Particulate Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Abstract: Enhancing the physical characteristics of high-performance materials is largely dependent on the reinforcement of polymers by microparticles. The physical behavior of polyester composites containing coconut and walnut shell microparticles was thus investigated in order to create an engineering material for industrial use. Most researchers investigated the flammability test of fiber bio-composites only. There is a possibility that two particular polymers embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix could provide the lowest …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 592–603 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Ta Doped Nanostructured PZT
Abstract: Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) powder of composition Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 was modified by incorporation of Tantalum (Ta5+) in a wide composition range (5–25 at%) by chemical co-precipitation method using PbO, Zr2O3, TiO2 and Ta2O5. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples showed the formation of a single phase and confirmed the formation of a rhombohedral phase of all the samples after sintering. SEM analysis showed well-developed, uniformly packed grains. Both the linear particle …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 41–48 Read article
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Role of Reactive Extraction in Removal of Phenol from Wastewater
Abstract: Phenol is one of the most common organic water pollutants as it is highly toxic even at low concentration. Also, its presence in natural water can lead to the formation of substituted compounds during disinfection and oxidation processes. Reactive extraction method is found to be a capable alternate for separation of medium (300–3000 mg/l) to high (3000–6000 mg/l) concentration of phenol. The degree of extraction depends on nature of extractant, …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Synergistic Effects of Hybridized Nano-Silica and Hemp Fiber Reinforcement on Bio-Epoxy Composites
Abstract: Natural fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy composites have become promising sustainable alternatives to conventional synthetic-fiber petroleum-based materials, but are often limited by low fiber-matrix interfacial bonding, low thermal stability, and high moisture absorption which limit their application in structural applications. These issues are discussed in this work, by carrying out a systematic investigation of the synergistic effects of the hybridization of nano-silica particles with alkali-treated hemp fibers in a bio-epoxy matrix the composites …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 214–228 Read article
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Thermodynamic Irreversibility in Semen Transport
Abstract: Sperm ejaculation is a vital reproductive process that involves both complex biological functions and energetic mechanisms. Beyond the physiological aspects, thermodynamics offers a framework to analyze energy conversion, exergy use, and irreversibility during sperm activity. ATP provides the main source of exergy for motility, but part of this energy is inevitably lost as heat and entropy generation, reflecting inefficiencies in the process. Because heat regulation directly affects metabolic rates, motility …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Coatings for Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency
Abstract: Environmental factors such as dust deposition, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and surface reflection significantly reduce the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. This study investigates the development and performance evaluation of polymer-based nanocomposite coatings designed to improve the optical and surface properties of PV panel glass. A hybrid nanocomposite coating containing TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles dispersed in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix was synthesized using the sol–gel technique and deposited through …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 490–497 Read article
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Preparation of Phase – Pure Nanocrystalline Anatase and Rutile TiO2 using Hydrolysis of TiCl4 in presence of surfactants
Abstract: Hydrolysis of TiCl4 was carried out in two different ways to prepare nano crystalline TiO2. In the first method the hydrolysis of TiCl4 was carried under high acidic conditions at low temperature. In the second method hydrolysis was carried out using (NH4)2SO4 as an additive. It can be seen that the hydrolysis of TiCl4 under high acidic conditions promotes the growth of rutile phase of TiO2, where as hydrolysis in …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 31–40 Read article
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Multifunctional Lignin-Modified Jute/Bio-Epoxy Composites with MWCNT-Based Piezoresistive Self-Sensing for Sustainable Housing Applications
Abstract: This study develops a multifunctional natural-fibre-reinforced polymer composite based on alkali-treated jute fabric, bio-based epoxy, kraft lignin and a small amount of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), with particular emphasis on polymer-matrix modification, fibre–matrix interfacial behaviour and intrinsic damage sensing. Kraft lignin was incorporated at 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt.% to examine its influence on polymer-chain mobility, interfacial morphology, thermal stability and mechanical response, while 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs was introduced …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 5, 2026 Read article
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Effect of Annealling on Optical Band Gap of Fe2O3 Thin Films on Amorphos Transparent Glass Substrate by Spray Pyrolysis Method
Abstract: The Fe 2 O 3 thin film has widely used photo-electrochemical cells. In this paper, the optical properties like band gap of thin films is depend on annealed temperature at 100 o C and 200 o C was discussed. The optical property of Fe 2 O 3 are studied by UV- Vis spectroscopy .The optical band gap decreased after increasing annealing temperature. The refractive index of Fe 2 O 3 …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Multifunctional and Photocatalytic Properties of DyFeO₃/Dy₃Fe₅O₁₂ Biphasic Nanoparticles
Abstract: Rare-earth orthoferrites constitute a class of compounds that exhibit remarkable magnetic, optical, and electronic properties across a wide temperature range. In the present study, a dysprosium-based orthoferrite containing dual phases of DyFeO₃ perovskite and Dy₃Fe₅O₁₂ garnet was successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was employed to investigate the structural configuration of the synthesized material. The diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of a biphasic composite comprising orthorhombic …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–54 Read article
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Comparative Study of Structural, Optical, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties of BifeO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Green and Chemical Methods
Abstract: BiFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a green route using Strychnos nux-vomica leaf extract and a conventional chemical sol–gel method to study the effect of synthesis routes on their properties. XRD analysis confirmed phase-pure rhombohedral BiFeO3 for both samples. FTIR analysis was carried out to confirm the formation of the perovskite structure and to detect surface functional groups. FESEM analysis indicated a significant effect of phytochemicals in controlling particle growth and …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Decolorization of Diazo Dye Amido Black 10B by a Bacterium Kerstersia sp. Strain VKY1
Abstract: Amido Black 10B, a diazo dye having various industrial applications was decolorized by a bacterium Kerstersia sp. strain VKY1. The effect of various parameters such as dye concentration, pH, temperature and NaCl concentration was investigated. At 200 mg/l dye concentration, the strain decolorized 81% of the dye at temperature 35°C and pH 7.0 in 36 h of incubation. This strain decolorized the dye over a wide range of pH (5–11), …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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Stability Study of Fine Powder of Gandhaka Kalpa and Gandhakadi Yoga in the Management of Thalassemia Major-With Respect to Baseline Microbial Diagnostic Modalities
Abstract: Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder. Thalassemia is the most transfused syndrome worldwide. People with Thalassemia disease are not able to make enough hemoglobin, which causes severe anemia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the alpha and beta Thalassemia are the most common inherited single-gene disorders in the world. Adhishthana of the disease Thalassemia is the Beejabhagavayava, which is responsible for the formation of Rakta-Dhatu. Hence the Vyadhi can …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 29–37 Read article
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Analysis of Friction Stir Welding Utilizing ANSYS: A Study Based on Simulation
Abstract: Friction Stir Welding (FSW) represents a sophisticated solid-state welding methodology that has attracted considerable scholarly attention due to its efficacy in amalgamating high-strength, lightweight substrates including aluminium, magnesium, and titanium alloys. FSW enables the fabrication of defect free products with a substantial amount of mechanical and wear properties. The process is highly sensitive to various parameters that significantly influence the quality and strength of the final product. Studies have shown …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 62–77 Read article
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Effects of Plasticizers on Structures of Chemical Functional Groups, Morphologies, Water Vapor Permeability, and Thermal Properties of HPMC/BW Biopolymer Films
Abstract: Food preservation is one of the fields that many researchers are interested in, especially in the epidemic period like COVID-19 today. The better food or agricultural products are preserved for a long time, the more it ensures social stability for state management related to food security for people. This paper introduces one kind of biopolymer films with investigation on effect of plasticizers to its characteristics. In order to produce biopolymers, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 10–20 Read article
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Fabrication and Assessment of Tribological Performance of Nickel-Graphene-MXene Hybrid Nano-composites
Abstract: As industries such as aerospace, automotive, defence, and electronics demand materials with superior wear resistance, high strength, and thermal stability, traditional metals are reaching their performance limits. Hybrid nanocomposites offer a pathway to meet these stringent requirements. In this study, novel Nickel-Graphene-MXene hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder metallurgy route, incorporating varying weight percentages (up to 2 wt.%) of MXene and 1 wt.% graphene nanosheets into a nickel matrix …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 780–798 Read article