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82 articles for “energy band”
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A Comprehensive Review on IoT and Edge Computing in Electronics: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) transformed the electronics industry by enabling ubiquitous connectivity between billions of devices. This has created an unprecedented amount of data, challenging traditional cloud-based architectures with latency, bandwidth, and security issues. Edge computing came as an additive architecture by distributing computation and bringing intelligence to IoT edges to provide real-time responsiveness and reduce dependence on centralized infrastructure. This study offers a thorough analysis of current developments …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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When Light Talks The Realm of Opto-Electronic Communication
Abstract: The basic principles of opto-electronics systems are discussed. In these systems the electrical signals are changed to optical signals for high speed and long distance communication and then converted back to electrical form at the receiver. This study underscores the essential elements including light sources, optical fibres, modulators, and photodetectors that facilitate the effective transmission of information with less loss and interference. The paper also discusses the benefits of opto-electronic …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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A Comparative Study on Formaldehyde Detection Capabilities in Pristine Graphene and Ag-doped Graphene Sheet
Abstract: The present work concerns a detailed investigation of the enhanced formaldehyde (also known as methanal) detection by decorating the pristine (or bare) graphene nanosheet with silver (Ag) nano-particle (or foreign Ag atom). The bare graphene sheet was exposed to the formaldehyde vapor forming the formaldehyde-adsorbed pristine graphene sheet (taken as Case-I), and whose results were studied and compared with the outcomes obtained from the formaldehyde-adsorbed Ag-decorated graphene sheet (taken as …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 801–809 Read article
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Aluminium-Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Combustion Method for Polymer Composite Applications
Abstract: ZnFe₂₋xAlₓO₄ (x = 0 and 0.5) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion method owing to its simplicity, cost efficiency, and ability to produce highly crystalline nanomaterials. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure without detectable secondary phases, indicating high phase purity. The average crystallite size was estimated to be in the range of 14–20 nm, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of the samples. Field-emission …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 272–282 Read article
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Investigation of the Thermoelectric, Electronic Band Profile, and Structural Properties of Skutterudites Based on Cobalt and Antimony
Abstract: We investigated ThCo4Sb12, an actinium-filled skutterudite, from the ground up for structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties. A generalized gradient approximation and modified BeckeJohnson potentials were used to calculate the exchange-correlation potential. The compound is shown to have metallic properties in the electronic structure calculations. Actinium series element is used as a void filler in this study. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity can be calculated using Boltzmann's transport theory. According …
Published in Journal of Structural Engineering and Management · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 13–19 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing in Oil and Gas: Applications, Architectures, and Operational Realities
Abstract: Artificial intelligence has arrived in oil and gas, and unlike some previous waves of digital enthusiasm in the sector, this one is sticking. Saudi Aramco analyses approximately 10 billion data point every day and reported USD 4 billion in technology-driven operational gains in 2024. ExxonMobil uses AI to increase shale well output by more than 5 percent. Shell has deployed machine learning across more than 10,000 assets using C3.ai to …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 01–06 Read article
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Influence of Gd Doping in Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Zno Nanostructures Synthesised Via Sol-Gel Processes
Abstract: In this study, nanocrystalline Zn1-xGdx (x=0.0 and 0.03) samples were synthesised via the Sol-gel combustion process. An array of analytical techniques was employed to examine the prepared samples to determine their different physical features. For both pristine and Gd-doped samples, the crystal symmetry is hexagonal with the P63mc space group which is verified via the Rietveld refinement analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The atoms' bond length Zn-O and bond …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 4, 2024 · pp. 219–225 Read article
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Investigation of the Hall and Nernst-Ettingshausen Effects in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
Abstract: This review explores the Hall and Nernst-Ettingshausen effects in various magnetic systems, including diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS), topological insulators, superconductors, and novel composite materials. In DMS, the interplay of ferromagnetism and magnetic impurities introduces unique transport behaviors, particularly influencing the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and thermomagnetic phenomena. We also examine the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect (NE) in topological insulators and superconductors, revealing the influence of band topology and vortex-like excitations. Special attention …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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A study on CMOS Operational Amplifier in Sensor Development
Abstract: CMOS operational amplifiers (op-amps) have emerged as pivotal components in modern sensor development, enabling the amplification and conditioning of weak signals with high precision and efficiency. Their inherent advantages low power consumption, compact size, and seamless integration with digital circuits make them ideal for advancing miniaturized, battery-powered sensor systems in fields ranging from biomedical devices to IoT networks. By delivering precision, power efficiency, and integration, CMOS op-amps are not just …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Synthesis and Functional Group Analysis of Solution Processed Zinc Oxide Thin Film Grown on Polyethylene Terephthalate
Abstract: Flexible electronics field is growing every day. Existing technology is facing issues like brittleness, toxicity, inadequacy. Fabrication cost increases in processing of such materials. In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by solution processing technique were used to grow 120nm thick thin film (TF) on Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This method reduces the processing cost and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is cheaper and abundant in comparison to other semiconductors option. Material was …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 56–66 Read article
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Bismuth-Doped CuGaS₂ Thin Films for Enhanced Photovoltaic and Electrocatalytic Performance
Abstract: This study presents the development and application of bismuth (Bi)-doped CuGaS₂ thin films for enhanced performance in photovoltaic and electrocatalytic systems. Using a cost-effective all-solution processing method, Bi-doped CuGaS₂ chalcopyrite nanocrystals were synthesized and spray-deposited onto molybdenum substrates. The resulting films, with a thickness of approximately 730 nm and grain sizes larger than 400 nm, exhibited superior optical properties and a lower band gap compared to undoped films, making them …
Published in Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Current-Voltage Characteristics of 15-Atom Agnrs and Zcnts at Various Bias Voltages: Insights for Polymer Nanocomposite Applications
Abstract: The present research investigates the electronic properties of 15-atom Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons (AGNRs) and 15-atom Zig-Zag Carbon Nanotubes (ZCNTs) under applied bias voltages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 millivolts. Using the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) technique, the study analyzes various electrical features, including current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, to understand the behavior of these nanostructures. The findings reveal that AGNRs exhibit a larger bandgap than ZCNTs, which have a …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 135–144 Read article
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Automating Cleanliness: A Comprehensive Review on Real-time Monitoring and Control Techniques for Floor Cleaning Robots
Abstract: The smartest floor cleaning robot for home and office use is the automatic floor cleaner. The control mode is automatic. In addition, the robot saves time and energy by doing dry cleaning in parallel. The area of the room may determine how long cleaning takes. Consequently, the user may concentrate on his main activity, leaving the cleaning to the robot. Furthermore, our robot is less expensive than other robots. Everybody …
Published in International Journal of Advanced Control and System Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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Real-Time Video Surveillance Using ESP-32 CAM for IoT Applications
Abstract: The rapid advancements in technology and the growing concerns for security have driven the need for innovative, cost-effective, and scalable surveillance systems. This project presents the development of a smart surveillance system using the ESP-32 CAM module, a compact and low-cost microcontroller integrated with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and a high-resolution OV2640 camera. The system is designed to provide real-time monitoring, motion detection, and automated alert features, catering to the security needs …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 26–35 Read article
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Modeling Galaxy Formation in a Hierarchical Universe: A Fiducial Approach and Comparison with Observational Data
Abstract: We have developed a detailed model to understand how galaxies form in the framework of hierarchical theories of structure formation. Our model accounts for key processes like the formation and merging of dark matter halos, the heating and cooling of gas inside these halos, the regulation of star formation driven by energy from evolving stars and supernovae, galaxy mergers, and the changes in star populations over time. This approach is …
Published in International Journal of Universe · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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Facile Synthesis of SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye under visible light irradiation
Abstract: This work reports the nanoscale samples of pure tin dioxide (SnO₂), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), and their composite (SnO₂/g-C₃N₄) were successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation technique. The synthesized materials were extensively analyzed using multiple characterization techniques such as Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Results from PXRD and EDAX confirmed …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1835–1845 Read article
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Spectral Mapping and Tracking Error of MBOC signal and Wavelet based GNSS receiver
Abstract: This research paper delves into the historical evolution and contemporary state of the art in navigation technologies, emphasizing the paramount importance of reliable positioning systems. Tracing the journey from ancient primitive methods to the present-day Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), with a focus on the Global Positioning System (GPS), the paper explores the diverse instruments and methods developed by civilizations throughout history to determine location and navigate effectively. The main …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Herbal Medicines and Complementary Therapies: Their Role, Types and Applications
Abstract: Medicinal plants are used in herbal medicine to treat and prevent illnesses. This includes the use of standardized and titrated botanical extracts in addition to common and traditional medicines from different cultures. The safety of a treatment may be suggested by its long history and deep cultural roots in traditional medical systems, but this does not always imply that it is effective. This is especially important in herbal medicine, since …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 40–53 Read article
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Innovative Approaches to Reducing Data Traffic in IoT Networks Using Deep Learning and Compressive Sensing
Abstract: The exponential growth of internet of things (IoT) devices has posed unprecedented challenges in managing the massive data generated by real-time monitoring, automation, and analytics. Existing network infrastructures lack scalability, bandwidth, and suffer from latency problems, further making data transmission less efficient. This study surveys innovative approaches using deep learning and compressive sensing to reduce IoT data traffic. Deep learning is able to upgrade data processing by means of very …
Published in International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 46–62 Read article
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DFT/Data Guided Predictive Modelling of Absorption Maxima in the OLED Rubrene Derivatives
Abstract: This study investigates the optical properties of rubrene derivatives to develop an accurate predictive model for absorption maxima using computational chemistry and chemoinformatic techniques. We benchmarked various quantum chemical methods, identifying that the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ method in dichloromethane (DCM) provided the strongest correlation with experimental data. Key molecular descriptors such as band gap, ionization potential, and electrophilicity index were calculated and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify significant factors …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 41–56 Read article