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115 articles for “confinement”
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Hybrid Composite Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) Columns: Review of Collapse Mechanisms and Polymer-Based Enhancements
Abstract: Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns are an advanced hybrid composite system where the steel tube's confinement and the concrete core's load capacity work together to improve structural performance. While commonly used in civil engineering, CFSTs can also be understood within the framework of composite materials, similar to polymer- and fiber-reinforced composites, in which interactions between phases determine strength, ductility, and failure modes. This review compiles experimental and numerical research on …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 78–97 Read article
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Mechanical Performance and Material Properties of Nsm CFRP Polymer System
Abstract: Near-surface mounting systems are an advanced embedded technique application of CFRP composites in which the efficiency of the structure is mostly dominated by polymer matrix properties and interface stress transfer mechanisms. This review presents a holistic materials-based perspective on the experiment, analytical, and numerical studies conducted on the NSM-CFRP composite system, specifically on the behavior of the epoxy adhesive, interfacial behavior of composite–substrate system, and related structure–property relationships. The literature …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 311–319 Read article
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Nanostructure-Induced Thermoelectric Enhancement in Bi₂Te₃ Nanorods Design, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation
Abstract: Thermoelectric materials capable of efficient energy conversion near room temperature are critical for waste heat recovery applications. In this work, solution-grown Bi₂Te₃ nanorods were synthesized via a trioctylphosphine-assisted thermal decomposition route, and the influence of surfactant-induced nanostructuring on their thermoelectric properties was systematically investigated. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of rhombohedral Bi₂Te₃ with the emergence of Bi₂Te₃–BiTe nanocomposites at higher surfactant concentrations. Electron microscopy …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 34–44 Read article
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AI-Enabled Recycling of Thermoplastic Polymer Waste in Hospitals: A Circular Economy Pathway Toward Green Hospital Certification
Abstract: This review research explores the latest role of AI in improving thermoplastic waste management for hospitals in terms of segregation accuracy, operational efficiency, and circular economy outcomes. Seventy-five relevant studies were analysed, and it was reported that AI-based systems, especially CNNs, YOLO models, and sensor-fusion approaches, achieved high accuracy in the identification and sorting of medical plastics, often above 90%. Early evidence also reveals improvements in the reduction of contaminants, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 170–182 Read article
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Tsetse Flies and African Trypanosomiasis: Biology, Epidemiology, and Integrated Vector Control.
Abstract: Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are hematophagous dipterans confined to sub-Saharan Africa and serve as cyclical vectors of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), with major implications for human health, livestock productivity, and rural development. An integrated understanding of tsetse biology, parasite transmission, climate, and land–use–driven distribution shifts, and the comparative performance of control tools—especially insecticides and sterile insect technique (SIT)—is essential for designing sustainable elimination strategies. HAT …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–28 Read article
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Nature-Integrated Day-Care Spaces: Fostering Early Childhood Growth in Lucknow
Abstract: The physical environment plays a vital role in shaping early childhood experiences, influencing cognitive, emotional, and social development. However, in rapidly urbanizing cities such as Lucknow, children’s exposure to natural environments has become increasingly limited, with most day-care centers confined within enclosed, concrete settings. This study investigates how the integration of natural elements within day-care interiors and outdoor spaces can foster holistic child development and enhance learning outcomes. Emphasizing the …
Published in International Journal of Architectural Design and Planning · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–18 Read article
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IoT-Enabled Polymer–Gel PCM Composites for Intelligent Thermal Management in Solar Facade Applications
Abstract: The present study investigates the development of a multifunctional polymer–gel phase change composite designed for solar façade applications with integrated real-time thermal monitoring capability. A crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol–borax matrix was employed as a three-dimensional polymer scaffold to encapsulate paraffin-based phase change material, ensuring leakage-free operation and structural integrity under repeated thermal cycling. Graphite nanoplatelets were incorporated as thermally conductive nano-fillers to enhance heat transfer through the polymer composite via percolation-driven …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 99–111 Read article
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Human Exploration of Mars: Challenges and Prospects for Sustainable Presence
Abstract: Human goals to Mars signify one of the most ambitious aims of present space exploration. While robotic missions have considerably extended our knowledge of the Martian atmosphere, sending humans to Mars proposes an extensive range of difficult hardships that must be tackled before such missions can become a reality. This review paper examines the most significant technical, biological, psychological, and logistical challenges associated with human exploration of Mars. The most …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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An Arduino-Based Autonomous Serving Robot with GPS Navigation for Cost-Effective Service Automation
Abstract: Robots built for service are no longer confined to research labs or luxury hotels; they are starting to appear in everyday spaces where speed and consistency make a real difference. In a restaurant, for example, a robot that can deliver meals and clear trays reduces staff workload, while in hospitals it can free nurses from routine errands. Schools, too, can benefit by using such machines for both practical and teaching …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 13–17 Read article
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An in-Depth Analysis of Cyber Security: Vulnerabilities, Threat Landscapes, Attack Mechanisms, and Defense Solutions
Abstract: In a highly digitalized world today, cyber security has taken over as a necessary component to safeguarding the modern world technology. With the increase in the dependency on the digital platform and online services, the threat of cyber threats has also risen. Such threats are not confined to mere attacks anymore, as they have taken a new form of complexity and magnitude to impact individuals, businesses, government institutions among others. …
Published in Journal Of Network security · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study on the Evolution of Photoinitiated Free Radical Polymerization Crosslinked Networks
Abstract: Gradient polymer materials overcome the limitations of conventional homogeneous polymers by integrating multiple distinct functionalities within a single continuous structure. Although photoinitiated free-radical polymerization offers excellent spatial and temporal control, the underlying microscopic mechanisms governing network evolution under non-uniform light fields remain poorly understood. In this study, a mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model was successfully developed to couple free-radical polymerization kinetics—including initiation, propagation, crosslinking, and termination—with exponential light attenuation …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 142–158 Read article
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Role of Impaired Digestion in Disease Pathogenesis: According to Unani System of Medicine
Abstract: The relationship between digestion and disease occupies a central position in Greco-Arab (Unani) medicine, as emphasized by classical physicians such as Ibn Sina and Al-Razi. In Unani medicine, digestion (Haḍm) is not confined to the gastrointestinal tract alone but represents a comprehensive physiological and metabolic process involving four sequential stages: gastric digestion (Haḍm-e-Mi‘dī), hepatic digestion (Haḍm-e-Kabidī), vascular digestion (Haḍm-e-‘Urūqī), and tissue digestion (Haḍm-e-‘Uḍwī). These stages are governed by Quwwat-e-Hāḍima (digestive …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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A Review of Modifications of Cement Slurry Formulations for Carbon Dioxide Storage
Abstract: Climate action, which includes activities aimed at mitigating climate change or reducing its adverse impacts, is the thirteenth goal of the 2030 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). Tthe successful commercial deployment of CCS technology would heavily rely on the integrity of the cement sheath used to complete the wellbores at the CO₂ storage sites. It has been established that the cement sheath made from conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is not …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–21 Read article
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Sustainable Carbon Materials for Catalysis, Energy Conversion, and Environmental Remediation
Abstract: Among the most ancient and adaptable materials used by humans, carbon finds use in a wide range of industries, including electronics, energy production, medicine, water purification, air filtration, and catalysis. Among them, activated carbon's highly developed microporous structure, remarkably large specific surface area, and adjustable surface functions have drawn a great deal of attention from both science and industry. Activated carbon materials have been widely used as molecular sieves, adsorbents …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 47–52 Read article
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Optimization of a new Bebq2/BCP-based OLED structure for optimum performance
Abstract: Opto-electronic devices exhibit highly nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics that significantly affect charge injection, transport, and recombination, evaluating their performance remains a difficult challenge. Device optimization is a key research goal in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), as the thickness and arrangement of individual functional layers greatly influence electrical and optical responses. For a suggested Bebq2/BCP-based OLED structure, this work methodically examines the movement of charge carriers, their transport behavior, and the …
Published in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Wearable Computer Vision based Human Assistance System using Android 4.0.3 ICS Operating System
Abstract: This paper describes a well defined and improved system for the human assistance, based on wearable computer vision using Android ICS operating system. The information is traditionally confined to paper or digitally to a screen; in contrast the proposed system introduces an Android tablet based wearable gestural interface to attempt for bringing information out into the tangible world. The system provides an extension to existing gesture interface system by integrating …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 32–38 Read article
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Evaluating Factors Effecting Building Construction Labor Productivity in Somaliland
Abstract: The construction industry has been referred to as having a multiplier effect on the performance of any economy. Poor productivity of workers is one of the most overwhelming problems faced by construction industries, especially those in developing countries, the poor productivity of labor can cause a project cost and time overrun. The pinpointing of the factors that affect labor productivity would enable the project team to effectively use the resources …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Finite Difference Analysis of Plane Couette Flow using MATLAB
Abstract: Internal flow is a flow for which the fluid is confined by a surface. Hence, the boundary layer is unable to develop without eventually being constrained. An internal flow is constrained by the bounding walls, and the viscous effects will grow and meet and permeate the entire flow. Some examples of internal flows are: flow between two parallel horizontal plates, Couette flow, plane Poiseuille flow, flow through pipes, etc. In …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 17–22 Read article
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Ce-TZP/Al2O3 Nanocomposites for Biomedical Implants
Abstract: Ceramic materials are widely used for biomedical applications because of their remarkable biological and mechanical properties. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for fabrication of dental implants. The foremost disadvantage of titanium is its dark greyish colour, negative delicate tissue states of the gingiva may prompt to compromised aesthetics. Anyway these days Zirconia implants were brought into dental implantology as an option in contrast to titanium implants. Zirconia seems …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Soft Computing Based Prediction of Deviator Stress of Waste Plastic Reinforced Sand
Abstract: In the recent past, the soft computing techniques have received a significant attention for solution of the geotechnical stability problems. Following the trend, the present study tries to explore the use of different soft computing techniques such as random forest regression, support vector machines (SVM) RBF kernel, SVM poly kernel and M5P model tree for the prediction of deviator stress of sand reinforced with waste plastic strips. The deviator stress …
Published in Journal of Geotechnical Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 1–7 Read article