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64 articles for “release kinetics”
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Comparative Study on Oro Dispersible Tablets of Candesartan Cilexetil Formulated with Natural and Synthetic Disintegrants
Abstract: Candesartan cilexetil, a BCS class II drug with low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability (15%), poses challenges for oral delivery. To address this limitation, the present study focuses on polymer-based inclusion complexation and composite formulation strategies to enhance solubility and dissolution behavior. The drug was incorporated into β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide polymer, by the kneading method in different drug-to-carrier ratios. Among these, the 1:1 molar ratio complex exhibited the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 687–695 Read article
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Personalized Therapy Using Drug Delivery Devices
Abstract: The persistent challenge in modern medicine lies in inter-patient heterogeneity, rendering standardized drug dosing protocols suboptimal for many chronic conditions. Traditional pharmacokinetics fail to account for real-time biological fluctuations, leading to cycles of ineffective treatment or dose-limiting toxicity. This paper explores the critical intersection of advanced drug delivery devices (DDDs) and personalized medicine, positioning these technologies as the vital link translating genomic and biological data into tangible, patient- specific interventions. …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–62 Read article
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Nanoparticle and Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review of Platforms, Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Immune Modulation
Abstract: The rapid evolution of vaccine technologies over the past decade has highlighted the transformative role of nanoparticle (NP) and lipid-based delivery systems in modern immunization practices. These platforms – including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), liposomes, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) – enable enhanced antigen stability, improved cellular uptake, targeted antigen delivery, and potent immune activation. This systematic review critically examines the physicochemical foundations, manufacturing approaches, stability challenges, pharmacokinetic …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 18–36 Read article
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Polymeric Micelles for Medicinal Plant Solubilization and Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Abstract: This study involved the design, fabrication, and characterization of polymeric micellar nanocomposites utilizing amphiphilic block copolymers to effectively encapsulate and transport hydrophobic phytoconstituents. The selected bioactive molecule is curcumin, a polyphenol with limited water solubility. A polymeric system known as PEG-PCL was utilized to fabricate core-shell nanostructures by a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited homogeneity and colloidal stability, characterized by a zeta potential of −18.7 ± 1.4 …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 208–219 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Transungual Drug Delivery of Fluconazole Using Permeation Enhancers Screened by Hydration of Nail Plate
Abstract: The objective of the work was to formulate nail lacquer containing fluconazole an antifungual drug for the treatment of onychomycosis. Onychomycosis, a common fungal nail infection affects the people. Topical and ungual therapy is limited because of the poor permeation of the drug through nail plate. Film base was prepared using varying concentration of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose as polymers. The permeation enhancers were screened by nail plate hydration. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 32–45 Read article
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Formulation Development, Characterization and in-vitro Evaluation of Nano-Lipid Carriers of Ropinirole HCl for Persistent Parkinsonian Management
Abstract: According to a report of World Health Organization (WHO) 2014, Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second-most neurodegenerative dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) of human being effecting 7–10 million people worldwide. It is primarily due to the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia-nigra of midbrain. It is symptomatized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dementia, depression and falls or emerges with the progression of the disease. Ropinirole HCl is a …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 14–23 Read article
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Hydrogel as a Drug Delivery System
Abstract: Hydrogels are hydrophilic three-dimensional, polymeric networks system. Hydrogel are hydrophilic system and capable of absorbing large amounts of aqueous solvent. It behaves like a semisolid system and generally follow non-Newtonian property. Hydrogel provide easy application, good spreadibility, non-grease, non-staining properly etc. Moreover, hydrogels can be converted to variety of forms apart depending upon the requirement including Newtonian and non-Newtonian slabs, microparticles, nanoparticles, topical gel, films etc. Hydrogels are commonly used …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 33–39 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Verapamil Solid Dispersion Tablets for Solubility Enhancement
Abstract: This study was mainly designed to solve the drawbacks of conventional verapamil solid dosage form, low bioavailability and limited clinical efficacy, by preparing solid dispersion. Verapamil solid dispersion was developed by kneading method, melt solvent method and co-precipitation method to modify the release and enhance solubility of the drug. The physical state of the dispersed verapamil in the polymer matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 39–54 Read article
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Enhancement of Bioavailability of Clopidogrel Using Different Solubility Enhancement Techniques
Abstract: Bioavailability is the key determinant of a drug for its therapeutic effectiveness, which in turn depends upon the solubility of that drug in gastro intestinal fluid. Clopidogrel is a BCS class II drug. Drugs of this category have low solubility and high permeability, so their bioavailability is less. This can be overcome by doing pharmaceutic modifications on it. In the present study, three different modifications, namely, complexation, solvent deposition and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 25–39 Read article
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Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Liposomal Gel
Abstract: The present study deals with effect of various combinations of lecithin, cholesterol, chloroform-methanol and tween-80 on liposomes of flurbiprofen. Optimization of the flurbiprofen liposomes by Design Expert software was done. Vesicle size, drug content, SEM and entrapment efficiency were evaluated. Flurbiprofen gel with optimized liposome using Carbopol 934 as gelling agents, were formulated. pH, spreadability and drug content in the gel were evaluated. Results of skin irritation study showed that …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 33–42 Read article
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Development of Sodium Alginate Beads of Telmisartan Using Emulsion Gelation Method: Formulation and In-Vitro Characterization
Abstract: Introduction: The antihypertensive medication Telmisartan (TEL) is a member of BCS class II, which is distinguished by limited oral rate and extent and water solubility. By localizing the medication release in the stomach, gastro-retentive floating bead devices may be able to address the issues related to partial absorption and the low solubility of TEL. The preparation of TEL floating alginate beads was the aim of this investigation. The current work …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 13–21 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Sustained Release Matrix Tablets
Abstract: Tablets are the most popular and versatile formulations with wide acceptance when compared to other dosage forms due to ease of administration, storage and transport. Diltiazem HCl is a calcium channel blocker widely used for its peripheral and vasodilator properties in the treatment of hypertension and angina. The objective of the present study is to prepare and characterize novel sustained release tablets of freely water soluble drug Diltiazem HCl using …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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Engineering Perspectives: Thermal and Structural Examination of Disc Brakes for Light Vehicles
Abstract: The procedure of braking transforms the kinetic energy of a car into mechanical energy that needs to be released as heat. High temperatures may result from the frictional heat produced at the disc and pad interface during the braking phase. Frictional heat produced on the rotor surface can contribute to an excessive rise in temperature, which can have unfavorable effects including premature wear, brake fluid vaporization (BFV), thermally excited vibrations …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Machine Analysis and Design · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 16–23 Read article
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Biochemical and Kinetic Investigations of Partially Purified Thermostable Acid Phosphatases from Solanum tuberosum and Citrus limonium
Abstract: Biochemical and kinetic properties of partially purified thermostable acid phosphatases from Solanum tuberosum and Citrus limonium involving ammonium sulphate fractionation have been investigated. The maximum specific activity in Solanum tuberosum and Citrus limonium was found in 40–80% (ACP I) and 0–40% (ACP II) fractions, respectively. The specific activities of ACP I and ACP II were 46.01 and 48.00 units mg − 1 with Km values of 1.00 and 2.50 mM, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Micro Steam Turbines for Hybrid Power Source Vehicles
Abstract: The paper describes a new hybrid power system for vehicles consisting in an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) plus a micro steam turbine (MST) that supplies energy to an electric motor. The result of this hybridization is a reduction in fuel consumption and an improvement in performance efficiency. The micro steam turbine unit uses the released thermal energy from the ICE to generate water vapor flow, which is accelerated in a …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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A Survey on Hydrogen Storage System using Composite Material and its Alloys
Abstract: The transition to a carbon-neutral energy landscape hinges on the ability to store hydrogen safely, densely, and reversibly. While high-pressure tanks and cryogenic vessels dominate today’s infrastructure, solid-state storage in metallic alloys offers a compelling alternative by combining high gravimetric capacity with intrinsic safety to form a composite material. This work presents a systematic investigation of a family of reversible hydrogen-absorbing composite material alloys—principally Mg-based intermetallics (Mg₂Ni, MgFeMn) and TiV-based …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 35–42 Read article
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Synergistic Approach to Exhaust Gas Treatment: A ‘One Stack’ Solution
Abstract: Taking cue from global changes, humankind is always in a race against time to come up with pertinent technologies that would cater to their ever-evolving requirements. As we magnify into the highprecision kinetic models of the current exhaust gas systems deployed onboard ships, we evaluate the substantial presence of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, particulate matter, and other harmful pollutants. Releasing these gases to the atmosphere, untreated, can have …
Published in Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Recent Advances & Prospects of Transferosomes for Transdermal Delivery: Trends in Drug Delivery
Abstract: There have been several non-invasive administrations that have emerged recently to replace conventional needle injections. With its minimal rejection rate, remarkable ease of administration, and remarkable patient comfort and perseverance, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is the most attractive of them all. The skincare industry, which includes cosmetics, may also find use for TDDS in addition to the pharmaceutical industry. As this strategy mainly entails local drug administration, it …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 01–21 Read article
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Toxicological Optimization and Assessment of Buccal Films Containing Felodipine Co-crystals to Enhance Bioavailability
Abstract: The preformulation study of felodipine was carried out and it was found that the drug is poorly water soluble. The co-crystals were prepared using three different co-formers sorbitol, ascorbic acid and oxalic acid. The solublity enhancement was observed in combination with sorbitol compared to other co-formers used. The characterization of co crystals was performed like PXRD, FTIR, SEM Analysis. XRD results indicates the amorphous form of the drug. The co-crystals …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 10–29 Read article
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Removal of CO2 using Aqueous Blends of Amines by Chemical Absorption Method: Modeling
Abstract: Carbon capture from point source emissions has been recognized as one of the several strategies necessary for mitigating unfettered release of greenhouse gases (GHG's) into the atmosphere to prevent global warming. To keep the GHG's at manageable level, large decrease of CO2 should take place through capture technologies like chemical absorption. Alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) have been used for gas treating at industries. There …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–5 Read article