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721 articles for “Define”
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Resilient Shell-Based Networking Frameworks for DTN Environments: Enhancing Reliability and Security across Disrupted and High-Latency Satellite Channels
Abstract: The foundation of DTN, as suggested by the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), is the definition of a suite of protocols that function in networks with periodic disconnections and long- duration route conditions. A permanent end-to-end channel from the source to the destination is the foundation of traditional IP-based networking. However, DTN employs a store-carry- forward approach that gives intermediary nodes the ability to temporarily hold messages (or bundles) until …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 Read article
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A Study of Fixed-Point and Best Proximity Point
Abstract: Fixed-point theory plays a fundamental role in nonlinear analysis and has significant applications in optimization, differential equations, and applied mathematics. This study investigates the existence and properties of fixed points and best proximity points for various classes of mappings defined on metric and normed spaces. While fixed-point results guarantee the existence of a point that remains invariant under a given mapping, such points may not exist when the mapping is …
Published in Recent Trends in Mathematics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 28–39 Read article
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Future-Ready Communication Systems: Exploring High-Speed, Adaptive, and Secure Network Solutions
Abstract: The domain of electronics communication systems has experienced rapid transformation due to the growing demand for high-speed, reliable, and intelligent communication networks. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of emerging trends such as Fifth Generation (5G) communication systems, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled networks, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), optical communication advancements, and cybersecurity mechanisms. The combination of cloud computing, edge computing, and network virtualization which improve system flexibility, allow …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 32–38 Read article
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A Constraint-Driven Generative Design Methodology for Modular Actuated Robotic Components in Decentralized Manufacturing
Abstract: This work formalizes a constraint-driven generative design framework for actuator-integrated robotic components intended for decentralized additive manufacturing. Conventional topology optimization typically prioritizes structural efficiency while treating actuator integration, modular interfaces, and fabrication constraints as secondary considerations. In contrast, the proposed methodology encodes these requirements as first-order geometric and mechanical constraints prior to automated material redistribution. The framework defines preserved actuator geometry, bounded design envelopes, representative loading abstractions, and manufacturability-aware domains …
Published in International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Minerals: A Comprehensive Review of Classification, Properties, Formation, and Their Role in Modern Technology and Sustainability
Abstract: Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, solid elements with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic crystal structure. They are the building blocks of rocks. Minerals are the key to the development and progress of human civilization. They are used for the development of infrastructure, electronic gadgets, agriculture, and medicine. This research paper aims to present an exhaustive overview on the field of mineralogy, which includes the definition, classification, physical and …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–33 Read article
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Group-Theoretic Symmetry Indices for Modular Building Layouts under Seismic Load Redistribution
Abstract: Symmetry in modular buildings operates simultaneously as an architectural language, a structural regularizer, and a computational design variable. This paper develops a group-theoretic framework for evaluating and optimizing plan symmetry in modular buildings subjected to seismic load redistribution. The building layout is modeled as a finite occupancy–stiffness field defined on a rectangular lattice, where each module encodes both mass and stiffness contributions. Planar reflections and quarter-turn rotations are represented as …
Published in Emerging Trends in Symmetry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Study and Analysis of Solar Cabinet Dryer with used of Solar Selective Material
Abstract: Using solar cabinet dryer is in many agriculture places, cold industrial places where heated regions require. This setup is useful for high work output and much area cover-up. Usually use simple solar cabinet dryer which is no more sensitive for precision workplace because its performance is low. So, use mixed mode solar cabinet dryer which conclude multi tray adjustable, cover by maximum possible area, using heater and fan which responsible …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 52–58 Read article
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Programme for Bridge Health Monitoring for Public Works Department
Abstract: Bridges are important part of infrastructure system for country. The increase in traffic and vehicle axle load, bridges are deteriorating very fast. Thus monitoring and maintenance has become prime importance for government organizations in this field like Public Works Department (PWD). The Indian Road Congress (IRC) codes provide various tests and inspection methodologies for bridge monitoring. However, there is an absence of a defined program for various groups of engineers …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 38–43 Read article
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Durability Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Cost Minimization by Excel Solver
Abstract: Design procedures based on current specifications do not always ensure required service life, mostly because of the underestimated durability parameters. This is due to the fact that definition of durability is not operational as basis for design, maintenance and repair. This paper presents an Excel spreadsheet model for the cost optimization of simply supported beams designed according to the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) code and the Japan …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 75–81 Read article
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Modeling and Acoustic Analysis of Noise Vibration in Automotive Gearbox by Non-destructive Testing
Abstract: A gearbox is used for transferring power from the engine to the wheels. Predicting the vibration and noise radiation from a dynamic system like a gearbox gives designers an insight early in the design process. It was conducted experimental and modeling of vibration and noise for magnitude and pressure level variations in a Peugeot 206 automotive 5-speed gearbox. It was extract vibration data related to different periodic processing and then …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 54–63 Read article
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Risk Assessment in Boiler Operations by HAZOP
Abstract: Our motive in this study is to analyze the hazard associated in different processes which are being carried out in the boiler room and to minimize their effects in order to make the working environment safe. Boilers are generally used to convert heat energy produced by burning of fossil fuel to the electric energy. This review presents hazard analysis of boilers, improves the safety performance related to boiler by using …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Bioplastics: Their Advantages and Concerns
Abstract: It is now well-known that plastic is everywhere you go. Plastic is characterized with threats to humanity and ecosystem. It contributes significant amount of greenhouse gases which trigger climate change, it accumulates and harm the animals and plants. Thus, there is need to search for an alternative plastic form to displace the conventional plastics. Presently, bioplastic is the identified possible alternative to conventional plastics at hand. The objective of this …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Overcome reservoir heterogeneity challenges by utilizing rock typing techniques
Abstract: Once a field has been identified, and a general method of reservoir exploitation decided, there are several methods to achieve the reservoir management goal. Still, some ways may cost twice as much as others. The most critical operations to developing a field are drilling of wells, and it overemphasizes which in the early stages of field development. Identifying well position and reservoir properties arrange as the most critical step for …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 33–45 Read article
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Understanding Green Manufacturing (GM)
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to capture viewpoints of green manufacturing which is one of the important inclinations of contemporary manufacturing. It introduces first the importance of this topic now followed by definitions, motivations, features, acceptability, linkages and issues associated with green manufacturing. It deals with the fundamental concepts that underlie the subject of green manufacturing, and defines key terms and makes critical distinctions. Finally, this paper proposes that …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 33–45 Read article
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Hydrological Modelling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool for Shivna River Basin and Calibration Using SWAT-GLUE Algorithm
Abstract: The management of water in India faces significant challenges in both the level i.e., quality andquantity. In order to address these challenges and to source the rational and efficient management ofwater resources, it is necessary to understand the different issues involved in the water cycle works.Thus, hydrological models are important tools that have been used in water resource planning and itsmanagement. In this study the hydrology of Shivna sub-basin which …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Review and Design of Voltage Sag Compensation Using Improved DVR System with Proportional Integral Controller
Abstract: The aim of this investigation is to remunerate voltage inthree-stage power systems during voltage sag conditions induced bybalanced and unsymmetrical deficiencies in power distributionsystems or offices in plants. Voltage plunges (also known as "voltagesags") are abrupt drops in voltage size. Their definition is usuallyanywhere between a couple of power-system recurrence trends and acouple of moments. The popularity of voltage plunges stemsprimarily from their effect on end-client hardware. Mechanicalprocesses can fail …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 36–43 Read article
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Decision–making Model for Road Projects Retendering in Nigeria
Abstract: The failure in securing basic information about project can rock mega investment in road construction. Most road construction projects suffered due to reasons attributed to delays or terminations which prompt project owners to consider retendering option. Effective and efficient decision-making is prerequisite in the retendering of projects and is perceived lacking in most road projects. In order to overcome these challenges confronting road construction project, this paper aims to build …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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A Review of TOR Technology in Cyber Security
Abstract: The cyberspace is becoming one of the main elements of vulnerability in national security and has led to a critical situation because the system is always more focused on information sharing and on quick communication all over the world than security. The concept behind the security of the data is the threat of the data corruption. Today, in this world, everything is getting digital and hence the need of more …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 26–30 Read article
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Review of Adaptive Modulation Recognition Techniques
Abstract: ABSTRACT Rising development in software defined radio (SDR) systems has led to rapid development in adaptive modulation recognition (AMR) techniques. Different order modulations combined with different coding schemes allow sending more bits per symbol, thus achieving higher throughputs and better spectral efficiencies by the use of AMR. The aim of this paper is to study various AMR techniques and compare their advantages and disadvantages to find the most efficient and …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 33–42 Read article
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The Effectiveness of e-Learning Process and Design of e-Learning Environments
Abstract: ABSTRACTTheoretical background of the learning researches is important to illustrate the theories and practices which are effective on achieving the educational objectives. The e-learning still needs the studies to respond for inquiries that face expanding and development of this system globally. For example:(a)the disagreements of the researches' findings in e-learning effectiveness on the learning domains achievement (Ruth Clarck, 2007/ Thomas Brus & John Saye and others, 2009), (b) looking for …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 110–133 Read article