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108 articles for “Antigen”
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Uses of Nanotechnology in Medical Diagnostic Applications
Abstract: Nanoparticle and nanodevice is a boon for mankind to treat and deal with disease and medical diagnosis respectively. Nanotechnology is formed by the unity of chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine restricted to the nanoscale (about 1–100 nanometer (nm)). For example, early detection of malignant tumors and cancer biomarkers, which is impossible using conventional technologies. In here we will discuss nanosized sensors to identify different pathological parameters, foreign antigen and toxic …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Factors Responsible for Severity of Malaria
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Malaria causes high mortality and morbidity in the world, and 90% of all cases and 75% of deaths occurs in Africa. This distribution is intimately associated with poverty, topography, climatic condition, and the spread of vector and parasite species. To conduct effective treatment and prevention, the mechanism of pathogenesis of malaria should be recognized adequately, which unfortunately remains unclear and debatable. In …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 27–37 Read article
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An Immuno-informatics Approach for the Design of Subunit Vaccine for Non-human Homolog Proteins of A.aegypti Species
Abstract: Mosquito borne diseases account for a major fraction of vector-borne diseases that account for significant morbidity amongst the population worldwide. The prevalence rate of mosquitoes in the common habitable area is so high that even after the implementation of several eradication programs their disease-causing rate is still quite significant. A.aegypti and A.albopictus are two prominent species of genus Aedes, which transmit viruses causing several infectious diseases such as dengue, zika …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Natural Antibodies Against Enteromicrobes and their Toxins for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Abstract: Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are thought to be brought on by the host immune system accidentally attacking and destroying its own tissue. “Molecular mimicry,” which asserts that antibodies against an infectious agent cross-react with a self-antigen possessing an identical or similar antigenic epitope, is a generally recognised theory to explain the pathogenic mechanism of ADs. This theory, however, was probably developed using false antibody assay data that was heavily impacted by …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Swine Flu is a Dangerous Pandemic Disease Worldwide: A Review
Abstract: Swine flu is a pandemic disease which is characterised by fever, sore throat, cough, chills,body aches, fatigue, and sometimes diarrhoea, vomiting, running nose, watering eyes, throatpain, and myalgia. It is caused by orthomyxovirus virus subtype (H1N1). Three majorinfluenza viruses (Influenza A, B and C) are identified. Among these viruses, Influenza A isresponsible for causing swine flu. It was first reported in Mexico, which slowly get invaded tonearby countries. The disease …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 20–27 Read article
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In Silico Screening and Evaluation of Some Metabolites from Momordica charantia in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcers
Abstract: Peptic ulcers are also called as or duodenal ulcers or gastric ulcers that are open sores generally develop in the lining of the stomach due to food and climatic factors. H. pylori infections are potentially the most dangerous and are linked to several diseases like diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. In the present study, in silico screening and evaluation of some metabolites from Momordica charantia like Momorcharin, Momordicin, Metformin, Pioglitazone, …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · pp. 5–13 Read article
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AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier
Abstract: Nano-biopharmaceutics involves delivery of biopharmaceutical product through different biomaterials like multi-functional nanoparticles, quantum dots, aquasomes, super-paramagnetic iron oxide crystals, and liposomes dendrimers. Aquasomes are considered as one of the most recently developed delivery systems for bioactive molecules like peptides, proteins, hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites. Aquasomes have a spherical shape and a particle size of 60–300 nm. These are three layered self-assembled nano-particulate carrier system. This three-layered structure …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Molecular Characterization of Circulating Rota Viral Strain causing infantile diarrhoea in Tripura, North East India
Abstract: Introduction: North Eastern India is geographically distinct from rest of India and the trend of Rota viral diarrhoea among children below 5 years of age group is not well studied yet. The Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC) in 2016 as part of the Universal Immunization Programme in different parts of India. Objective: (1). To determine the proportion of circulating Rotavirus strains causing acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE) …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 6–13 Read article
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Application of pET28a Vector for the Over Expression of Recombinant Human Tim23 Protein in E. coli and its Validation by Immunoblotting
Abstract: This study aimed to produce recombinant human Tim23 protein by molecular cloning, expression, and purification. Amplification of human TIM23 was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into DH5α cells. The pET28a-human TIM23 was transformed into BL21DE3 and expressed the gene by IPTG induction. Recombinant pure human Tim23 antigen was prepared, and injected into rabbits and polyclonal antibodies were raised, which was confirmed by western blotting. The transformed …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 32–44 Read article
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Identifying ABO Blood Group and Rh Status Using Dried Saliva Samples
Abstract: This article discusses the accuracy of dried saliva samples in establishing ABO and Rh blood types. Participants, likely screened for secretor status beforehand, submitted blood and saliva samples. Both samples were ABO blood typed (A, B, AB, or O) using standard methods such as gel card technology or hemagglutination assays. We used both saliva and blood to perform Rh typing. The findings revealed that saliva and blood typing for ABO …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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The Power of Genetic Engineering in Revolutionizing Vaccines
Abstract: Genetic engineering techniques, including recombinant subunit, viral vector, and nucleic acid vaccines have transformed the landscape of vaccine development. These novel approaches offer precise antigen design, enhanced safety profiles, and rapid adaptability to emerging pathogens. Key advantages include improved efficacy through targeted immune responses, increased safety due to the absence of live pathogens, and the ability to modify vaccines to address new variants or diseases quickly. Notable success stories, such …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 18–27 Read article
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Plant-Derived Vaccines: A Sustainable Approach to Disease Control for Global Health
Abstract: Plant-based vaccines present a novel and environmentally responsible approach to vaccination, with significant potential for improving both human and animal health. These vaccines are safer and less expensive than traditional vaccine manufacturing methods because they use genetically modified plants to create antigens that elicit an immune response. Plant-based systems offer a potential remedy for traditional vaccines' high production costs and environmental impact, which are growing problems. Plant-derived vaccines have shown …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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Mind-Gut Connection: The Psychosomatic Effects of Stress and Emotions on Digestive System
Abstract: Stress, understood as an immediate disruption to bodily equilibrium, triggers an adaptive or allostatic response that impacts gastrointestinal function both in the short and long term. The enteric nervous system communicates in both directions with the brain through parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways, collectively forming what is known as the brain-gut axis. Unani scholars describe stress as a response to the loss of something valuable, such as an opportunity, a desired …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 11–14 Read article
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Virulence Factors in pathogens :mechanisms of infection & disease progression
Abstract: Pathogens, like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, have evolved specialized tools – known as virulence factors – that help them infect hosts, escape the immune system, and cause disease. These factors play a key role in determining how severe an infection becomes, how quickly it spreads, and how the body responds. Some pathogens use adhesins to stick to host cells, while others produce toxins that damage tissues or disrupt normal …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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KVS Approach for IoT Network Security: A Novel Approach to IoT Network Security With B-Cell Inspired Models
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly expanding, connecting billions of devices that collect, process, and transmit data. This interconnectedness, while offering immense opportunities, also presents significant security challenges. Customary security mechanisms often scuffle to retain stride with the vibrant and assorted form of IoT environments. In response, innovative security concepts are being explored, and one promising approach is the B-Cell concept called as KVS approach for IoT security. In immunology, …
Published in Journal Of Network security · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 16–25 Read article
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Exploring Carbon Nanotubes in Nanotechnology: Functional Properties, Surface Modifications, and Biomedical Innovations
Abstract: Significant progress has been made in nanotechnology in recent years, especially in the creation of sensors with a broad range of uses. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical structures composed of carbon, with diameters in the nanometer range. CNTs originate from graphite sheets, where the graphite layers resemble a rolled-up, continuous, and robust hexagonal mesh. These hexagons have carbon atoms at their vertices. The fabrication of CNTs typically involves …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–31 Read article
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Anaphylaxis: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management
Abstract: Anaphylaxis is a syndrome characterized by broncho-constriction, vasodilatation, and hypovolemia, potentially fatal exposure to known or unknown antigens. It can be an immune-mediated (IgE & non-IgE) disease. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement related (C3a/C5a), bradykinin, leukotrienes, prostaglandin E2, and ligands of certain G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) can directly activate mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, endothelial cells and smooth muscles. Serum tryptase level during episodes of anaphylaxis, skin test, and basophil activation …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neglected Tropical Diseases Among Women and Children in Rural Liberia: A Regional Perspective
Abstract: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) remain a critical public health challenge in Liberia, disproportionately affecting women and children in rural regions due to systemic inequities in water, sanitation, and healthcare access. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of NTDs among 1,000 participants (600 children above 15 years and 400 women aged 15–49) in rural Liberia using stratified and cluster sampling. Laboratory diagnostics, including Kato-Katz stool analysis, urine filtration, …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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COVID-19 Resurgence in 2025: India’s Continuing Public Health Challenge
Abstract: The year 2025 has witnessed the resurgence of COVID-19, reigniting concerns at both global and national levels regarding the persistent threat posed by SARS-CoV-2. In early 2025, India witnessed a moderate resurgence of COVID‑19, characterized by the emergence of Omicron sub-variants and a rise in mild-to-moderate infections. As of mid-June, active COVID‑19 cases in India totaled approximately 6,000–7,400, with hotspots in Kerala (~2,100 cases), Delhi (~600), Maharashtra (~500), and several …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 16–23 Read article
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Advancing Cancer Vaccine Development through CRISPR/Cas9 Technologies and Future Opportunities
Abstract: The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has revolutionized the cancer immunotherapy market, offering unprecedented precision and versatility in the development of next-generation cancer vaccines. This review examines how CRISPR technologies are being integrated into various stages of cancer vaccine development including neoantigen discovery, dendritic cell engineering, cancer cell reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment modulation. In the area of neoantigen discovery, CRISPR enables rapid identification and validation of tumor-specific mutations, thereby supporting …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article