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1949 articles for “4-D” (ranking capped at the first 2,000 matches — narrow the search to see the rest)
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Effects of Variation of Injection Current and Differential Gain on 450 nm InGaN True Blue Semiconductor Laser
Abstract: AbstractIn this work, the performance analysis of a designed 450 nm InGaN True Blue Semiconductor Laser has been presented by varying injection current and differential gain. The study has been divided into three major segments; the first of which deals with changes in carrier density, photon density and output power with variation of injection current. A maximum output power of 182.6 mW is obtained for 90 mA injection current and …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 18–23 Read article
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Activity Quantification of Lu-177 SPECT/CT Imaging for Calibration Factor Analysis in Clinical Radionuclide Dosimetry
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the calibration factor (CF) at three-time points with the same protocol & acquisition parameters for the images of Lu-177 activity, scanned by two different SPECT/CTs (GE & MEDISO) using a cylindrical Jaszczak phantom with cold inserts, filled with uniform activity in water and to analyze the changes in the calibration factor data with time. The purpose of the study is to quantitatively analyze the first step (calibration …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 9–22 Read article
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Spectral, thermal, electrochemical and biological studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes derived from 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine.
Abstract: The Schiff base4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine and its Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, electronic, ESR, fluorescence, thermal, magnetic moment and electrochemical studies. IR and thermal data support the presence of coordinated water in the metal complexes. The electronic spectral and magnetic moment measurements indicate octahedral geometry for Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and square planar for Cu(II) complexes. Biological studies of the ligand and …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 6–16 Read article
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Experimental Investigation on 4-Stroke Diesel Engine Using Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Fuel
Abstract: Due to using of fossil fuels, the world today is faced with serious environmental pollution. However, these fuels are limited and depleting day by day as the consumption is increasing very rapidly. Hence, it is necessary to find out a clean alternative fuel produced from renewable sources. Biodiesel production and applications are gaining popularity in recent times due to diminishing petroleum reserves and detrimental environmental impacts. Edible and non-edible oils …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Modulation of Receptor Proteins: A Recent Paradigm in Drug Discovery and Target
Abstract: The main aim in drug discovery is to design different ligands those work on specific drug targets. However, various effective drugs work through the modulation of many proteins than single target. Advancement in system biology are establishing a phenotypic strength and a network structure, which suggests that, the excellent selective compounds may be performed less than desired clinical efficacy in comparison to multi-target drugs. In this new appreciation of the …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 14–24 Read article
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Grid based docking study of some 2-(4-methylsulfonyl phenyl) pyrimidine derivatives (designed after QSAR studies) with Cyclooxygenase
Abstract: Molecular docking helps in studying drug/ligand or receptor/ protein interactions by identifying the suitable active sites in protein, obtaining the best geometry of ligand-receptor complex and calculating the energy of interaction for different ligands to design more effective ligands. In Grid based docking, after unique conformers of the ligand are generated, the receptor cavity of interest is chosen and a grid is generated around the cavity. Cavity points are found …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 23–41 Read article
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Toxicology 4.0: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Health Informatics, and Precision Analytics for Predictive Toxicity Assessment, Real-Time Toxicovigilance, and Personalized Patient Safety
Abstract: Background: Toxicology is undergoing a major transformation, increasingly described as Toxicology 4.0, driven by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, health informatics, and precision analytics. Conventional toxicity testing is limited by high costs, lengthy timelines, and challenges in translating animal and low-throughput in vitro findings to humans. Aim and Objectives: To comprehensively evaluate the emerging role of Toxicology 4.0 in predictive toxicity assessment, real-time toxicovigilance, and personalized …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Investigation of Characteristics of Vernonia amygdalina Stem on Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Loamy Soil Environment
Abstract: The effectiveness of Vernonia amygdalina in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) mitigation in a loamy soil environment was monitored using mixture of 100ml of Crude oil, 2kg of loamy soil and 25g to 100g of remediant determined. The experiment was set-up based on the design concept considered as presented in this research, which involved constant volume of 100ml of crude oil, constant mass of 2kg of loamy and changes in mass …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 23–30 Read article
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Characterization of Synthesized Heterocyclic Oxadiazole Derivatives Using Mass, UV, IR, and NMR Spectroscopy, Among other Spectroscopic Techniques: Review
Abstract: The current study synthesized and assessed 3-heteroarylazo 4-hydroxy coumarin derivatives' initial antibacterial activities in vitro against four distinct pathogenic bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Ampicillin, a common medication, was used to compare each compound's antibacterial properties. UV, IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction examinations were used to analyze the compounds. By using UV–vis spectra, the solute-chromic behavior of these compounds was …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 28–33 Read article
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Examining the Impact of a Nurse Navigator Program on Anxiety, Psychological Well-being, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract: Background of study: Breast cancer stands as the leading cancer type affecting women and remains a significant contributor to female mortality. It is a complex ailment influenced by multiple factors. Globally, in 2020, approximately 2.3 million women received diagnoses of breast cancer, resulting in 685,000 fatalities. This condition can profoundly impact various aspects of a person's existence, encompassing physical, psychological, emotional, social, and familial spheres. A notable observation is the …
Published in International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 31–39 Read article
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Delay Analysis of HS-14T 45nm CMOS SRAM with Different SRAM Techniques for Improvement in Speed
Abstract: This paper presents a novel HS-14T design aimed at significantly improving read and write delays compared to conventional 6T and other memory cells RHRD-12T, SEUH-12T, and NHRC-14T. As technology scales, the demand for faster and more stable memory cells becomes increasingly critical. Our proposed HS-14T incorporates additional transistors to enhance stability and reduce access times, resulting in notable performance gains. Comprehensive simulations reveal that the HS-14T SRAM cell substantially reduces …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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To Study the Acceptability of Different Feeds under Earthen Ponds via Ompok pabda Fingerlings viz, Rice Bran, Mustard Oil Cake, Fish Meal and Floating Feed
Abstract: AbstractAn experiment of 45 days was conducted to observe the acceptability of different feeds under earthen ponds via Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings with different feed ingredients. During this experiment pabda treated with four types of different feed ingredients Rice bran (RB), Mustard oil cake (MOC), Floating feed (FF) and Fish meal (FM) with 14, 30, 32 and 45% protein, respectively. These ingredients are formulated as experimental feed EF-I (RB+MOC), …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 10–16 Read article
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Comprehensive Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Enhancements of Natural Fiber Composites
Abstract: This research investigates the mechanical characteristics of bio-composites reinforced using jute and sisal fibers. Natural fibers have emerged as promising alternatives because of their low density, renewability, biodegradability and approving mechanical properties. The research involved fabricating bio-composite plates using the hand lay-up method with varying orientations of jute and sisal fibers. The mechanical parameters, including tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength, were rigorously assessed and compared across various fiber …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 4, 2025 · pp. 45–53 Read article
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VHDL Design of ARINC 429 Bus Protocol
Abstract: ARINC 429 is a data transfer standard for aircraft avionics which is also known as the Mark 33 DITS Specification (Digital Information Transfer System). It makes use of self-clocking and self-synchronizing techniques. ARINC-429 bus interface is used as a controlling function. It is a two-wire point-to-point serial data bus for control communications in Avionics. The bus operates at the speed of 100kb/sec; the ARINC429 is developed to provide interchangeability and …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 21–27 Read article
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Tuning Range, Phase Noise and Jitter Analysis of Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for Digital PLL in 45 nm CMOS Technology
Abstract: A wide tuning range, low phase noise and low jitter 100 MHz Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for DPLL was designed and implemented by 45 nm CMOS process technology using LT spice. There was a relation between the frequency tuning range, phase noise, and jitter at output of the VCO after linearizing the gain. Simulations using PTM 45 nm CMOS process technology shows, that a wide operation frequency range (tuning range) from …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 81–89 Read article
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Performance of Tube Rose under Saline Condition
Abstract: AbstractAn experiment was conducted at the Research Farm and Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to observe the performance of tube rose under saline condition. Salinity treatments with five different EC values viz. 2 dS/m, 4 dS/m, 6 dS/m, 8 dS/m and 10 dS/m were applied in the irrigation water alongwith control to two cultivar of tuberose viz. single and double. The experiment …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 13–22 Read article
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Wi-Fi Shaped Quad-band Microstrip Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting Applications
Abstract: AbstractIn this paper, author proposed a Wi-Fi shaped microstrip antenna for the RF energy harvesting applications. The proposed antenna is operating at the frequencies 0.9, 1.7, 1.9 & 2.4 GHz. The antenna radiates at the quad-band frequency having an application in GSM Band and Wi-Fi Bands. The antenna consists of four different strips which correspond to each frequency in the result. The co-axial probe is connected from the side of …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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A Novel 4:1 Multiplexer Design using Power Minimization Technique based Domino Logic
Abstract: Domino circuits are widely used these days in the design of modern-day microprocessors because of their high speed and less area overhead compared to static logic style. In this paper, a new domino-based 4:1 multiplexer circuit has been designed which finds extensive use in register files and execution units where large amounts of data have to be broken into smaller chunks so that the processor can manipulate it more easily …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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4-Bit Magnitude Comparator Design using Different Logic Styles
Abstract: 4-Bit Magnitude Comparator using various logic styles is explained here. Comparison is one of the common arithmetic operations that is used to determine which number is greater, equal to, or less. Every device from OP-AMP to ALU needs to perform comparison operations. At designing level, comparator can be designed by using different logic styles. Here, comparison is done for simple 4-Bit combinational comparator and cascaded comparator which we have designed …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 16–22 Read article
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An Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Inula Racemosa in Patients of Restrictive Lung Diseases
Abstract: In this paper, we explain the procedure to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of Inula racemosa in patients of restrictive lung diseases. The patients included in this study were selected from the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital in North India. The present study was initiated on 45 patients suffering from restrictive lung diseases, 31 of these patients were followed up for 6 weeks. Remaining patients did not …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 18–21 Read article